Method for removal of vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream by in-situ activation of carbon-based sorbents
First Claim
1. A method of removing vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream, said method comprising the steps of:
- injecting and suspending a raw carbonaceous starting material selected from the group consisting of coal, wood, petroleum coke, biomass materials, sewage sludge, organic waste, organic liquids and organic gases into a gas stream that comprises vapor phase contaminants, said gas stream having an activation temperature that activates, within said gas stream, said raw carbonaceous starting material into an activated carbon material that adsorbs said vapor phase contaminants within said gas stream, wherein said raw carbonaceous starting material and said activated carbon material move concurrently with said gas stream; and
collecting said activated carbon material with adsorbed vapor phase contaminants in a particulate collection device.
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Abstract
A process for removing vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream includes the step of adding a raw carbonaceous starting material into a gas stream having an activation temperature sufficient to convert the raw carbonaceous starting material into an activated material in-situ. The raw carbonaceous starting material can be either a solid-phase, liquid phase or vapor-phase material. The activated material then adsorbs the vapor phase contaminants, and the activation material containing the vapor phase contaminants is removed from the gas stream using a particulate collection device. The process is particularly suited for the removal of vapor phase air toxics, such as mercury, from the flue gas of a combustion process. An apparatus for the removal of vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream is also described.
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Citations
23 Claims
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1. A method of removing vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream, said method comprising the steps of:
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injecting and suspending a raw carbonaceous starting material selected from the group consisting of coal, wood, petroleum coke, biomass materials, sewage sludge, organic waste, organic liquids and organic gases into a gas stream that comprises vapor phase contaminants, said gas stream having an activation temperature that activates, within said gas stream, said raw carbonaceous starting material into an activated carbon material that adsorbs said vapor phase contaminants within said gas stream, wherein said raw carbonaceous starting material and said activated carbon material move concurrently with said gas stream; and
collecting said activated carbon material with adsorbed vapor phase contaminants in a particulate collection device. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4)
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5. A method of removing vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream, said method comprising the steps of:
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injecting and suspending a raw carbonaceous starting material selected from the group consisting of coal, wood, petroleum coke, biomass materials, sewage sludge, organic waste, organic liquids and organic gases into a first gas stream having an activation temperature that activates, within said first gas stream, said raw carbonaceous starting material into an activated carbon material;
mixing said first gas stream with a second gas stream to allow said activated carbon material to adsorb vapor phase contaminants in said second gas stream, wherein said raw carbonaceous starting material and said activated carbon material move concurrently with said first gas stream and with said second gas stream; and
collecting said activated carbon material with adsorbed vapor phase contaminants in a particulate collection device. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12)
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13. A method of activating a raw carbonaceous starting material, said method comprising the steps of:
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routing a combustion process gas stream to an activation region, said combustion process gas stream having an activation temperature; and
positioning a raw carbonaceous starting material selected from the group consisting of coal, wood, petroleum coke, biomass materials, sewage sludge, organic waste, organic liquids and organic gases that is capable of being suspended in said combustion process gas stream at said activation region, such that said combustion process gas stream activates said raw carbonaceous starting material into an activated carbonaceous material that adsorbs vapor phase contaminants within said combustion process gas stream, wherein said raw carbonaceous starting material and said activated carbon material move concurrently with said combustion process gas stream. - View Dependent Claims (14, 15, 16)
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17. A method of removing vapor phase contaminants from a gas stream, said method comprising the steps of:
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injecting and suspending a raw carbonaceous starting material selected from the group consisting of organic liquids and organic gases into a gas stream that comprises vapor phase contaminants, said gas stream having an activation temperature that activates, within said gas stream, said raw carbonaceous starting material into an activated carbon material that adsorbs said vapor phase contaminants within said gas stream, wherein said raw carbonaceous starting material and said activated carbon material move concurrently with said gas stream; and
collecting said activated carbon material with adsorbed vapor phase contaminants in a particulate collection device. - View Dependent Claims (18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23)
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Specification