Method and an apparatus for use in production tests, testing an expected permeable formation

• US 6,575,242 B2
• Filed: 10/02/2001
• Issued: 06/10/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 04/23/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Shore-Tec As
• Original Assignee: Shore-Tec As
• Inventors: Woie, Rune
• Primary Examiner(s): Neuder, William
• Assistant Examiner(s): Dougherty, Jennifer R.
• Application Number:
  US09/968,549
• Publication Number:
  US 20020017385A1
• Time in Patent Office: 616 Days
• Field of Search: 166/250.02, 166/66, 166/264, 166/250.17, 166/306, 166/100, 166/250.07, 731/522.9, 731/523.6
• US Class Current: 166/250.02
• CPC Class Codes: E21B 49/008 by injection test; by analysing pressure variations in an injection or production test, e.g. for estimating the skin factor measuring pressure E21B47/06

Abstract

When production testing a permeable first formation, fluid flowing out from the first formation is subjected to a pressure measurement and a flow rate control. In order to avoid bringing up the fluid flowing out during the production test to a surface position, where the fluid'"'"'s inherent explosion and fire risk as well as poisonousness would cause substantial problems, a fluid flow path is arranged for fluid transfer between the first formation to be production tested and a second permeable formation. The fluid flow path is preferably constituted by a channel-forming pipe. From this channel, the second permeable formation receives the fluid and keeps it for some time. In the position of use, the apparatus is assigned sealing devices such as annulus packers, which are placed such that fluid flow between the formations is limited to only follow the fluid flow path.

Claims

1. An apparatus for hydrocarbon production testing, and intended to be mounted in a well having an expected permeable first formation to be production tested, and an expected second penneable formation, said apparatus comprising:

one or more sensors, meters, regulators, or controllers for carrying out a corresponding hydrocarbon production sensing, measuring, recording pressure condition or flowing rate determination step relative to hydrocarbon fluid traveling within the well, said apparatus further comprising one or more channel-forming pipes having fluid ports which, within the well, establish a hydrocarbon fluid flow path between the first formation to be production tested and the second permeable formation, and said one or more channel forming pipes being designed to be isolated, testing in use, relative to fluid flow to or from a surface from which the well extends, and at least one seal element provided within the well in order to restrict the fluid flow between the first and second formations to said fluid flow path so as to avoid fluid communication between the two permeable formations other than through said fluid flow path.

2. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more channel-forming pipes is open at an end portion situated closest to the first formation to be production tested to define one of said fluid ports, but closed at the opposite end, and where another portion of said closed end channel-forming pipe is situated adjacent said second formation and has additional fluid ports defined by one or more lateral, through-going gates.

3. An apparatus according to claim 2, further comprising a movable, perforated sleeve which, upon displacement in relation to at least one of said one or more lateral gates provides unthrottled or throttled ingoing/outgoing flow of fluid or closure of the fluid flow.

4. An apparatus according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said one or more channel-forming pipes has opposite, closed end axial end portions respectively positioned adjacent said first and second formations, with each of said closed end axial end portions having lateral, through-going gates defining said fluid ports.

5. An apparatus according to claims 1, further comprising a reversible pump positioned for forced displacement of the fluid between the formations.

6. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a remotely operable valve adapted to control and adjust a fluid flow through at least one of said one or more channel-forming pipes.

7. An apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a cross flow sensor for sensing if there is any hydrocarbon fluid leakage between the first and second formations that is external to said one or more channel forming pipes and within a well portion extending between said permeable first and second formations.

8. An apparatus according to claim 7 further comprising a fluid leakage sensor which is arranged for detection of leakage of fluid other than a test fluid into said one or more of said channel-forming pipes.

9. The apparatus of claim 8 wherein said fluid leakage sensor is positioned for detection of drilling fluid leakage into said one or more channel-forming pipes.

10. An apparatus according to claim 1 further comprising a fluid leakage sensor for sensing of fluid leakage into said one or more channel forming pipes.

11. The apparatus of claim 10 wherein said fluid leakage sensor is a drilling fluid leakage sensor positioned within said one or more channel-forming pipes.

12. An apparatus according to claim 1 wherein said at least one seal element receives therethrough one or more of said pipes.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein sealing elements arc axially spaced apart along said one or more pipes between said first and second formations.

14. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein sealing elements are positioned above and below the one or more fluid ports formed in said one or more pipes at a level in fluid communication with one of said first and second formations.

15. An apparatus according to claim 10 wherein said fluid ports are axially spaced from said at least one seal element.

16. A method for production testing an expected permeable, first formation, using the apparatus of claim 1, comprising:

providing said fluid flow path so as to be in fluid communication with the first permeable formation and the permeable second formation which is expected to be isolated, with respect to fluid cross-flow, from said first permeable formation by an intermediate expected non-permeable formation;

conducting a fluid provided by said first formation through said at least one defined fluid flow channel to the permeable second formation such that the second formation receives the fluid and keeps the received fluid at least temporarily; and

subjecting the fluid flowing between said first and second formations and along said fluid flow channel to at least one measurement.

17. A method as recited in claim 16 wherein the conducting of fluid from said first formation, through said fluid flow channel and into said second formation is carried out free of a pump.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein the at least one measurement includes measuring fluid pressure and flow rate.

19. The method according to claim 16, wherein the fluid flow path is defined by having said one or more pipes positioned within a bore hole of the well between the first permeable formation and the second permeable formation, and said method including positioning said at least one seal element within said bore hole to block first and second permeable formation fluid cross-flow within the well and external to said fluid flow channel.

20. The method according to claim 16, comprising a further step of reversing flow of the fluid received by said second formation by conducting the fluid received by the second permeable formation back toward the first permeable formation and measuring fluid flow characteristics of the reverse flow.

21. The method according to claim 16, further comprising a preliminary step of fracturing the first permeable formation.

22. The method according to claim 21, wherein the fracturing is carried out with pressurized liquid introduced through a drill string connected to the fluid flow channel.

38. A hydrocarbon production test method using the apparatus of claim 1 relative to the first permeable formation in fluid communication with said well, said method comprising establishing the fluid flow path between said first permeable formation and the second penneable formation;

conducting hydrocarbon fluid flowing out from said first permeable formation, into said well, through said fluid flow path to said permeable second formation which receives the fluid and keeps the fluid at least temporarily; and

subjecting the hydrocarbon fluid flowing out from the expected, permeable, first formation, during the production test to pressure measurement and flow rate control.

39. A method according to claim 38, wherein said method includes establishing the fluid flow path with said one or more channel-forming pipes positioned within a bore hole extending between the first and second formations, which formations are situated at different levels and expected not to be in fluid communication with one another absent the bore hole, and said method further comprising providing at least one seal element relative to the bore hole and said one or more channel-forming pipes in order to prevent fluid from flowing from the first formation to the second formation outside said fluid flow path.

40. A method according to claim 39, wherein providing said at least one seal element includes placing a seal element between said first and second formations.

41. A method according to claim 40 wherein providing said at least one seal element further comprises providing a set of seal elements above and below one or more fluid ports formed in said one or more pipes at a level in fluid communication with one of the first and second formations.

42. A method according to claim 38, wherein, after fluid has been transferred from the first formation to the second formation, a reversed production test technique is carried out including forcibly returning previously transferred fluid from the second formation to the first formation.

43. A method according to claim 42, wherein, for a period after measured fluid has been transferred from the first formation to the second formation, the measured fluid is subjected to a reversed production test technique which involves pumping previously transferred and measured fluid from the second formation to the first formation.

44. A method according to claim 38, further comprising fracturing said first formation.

45. A method according to claim 38, wherein establishing said fluid flow path includes providing a pipe having a capped end and a lateral fluid port with a valve for adjusting a level of fluid communication with the second formation.

46. A method according to claim 38 further comprising sensing for fluid cross flow leakage within an annular portion defined by an interior surface of a portion of said well extending between said first and second formations and an external surface of said one or more fluid channel pipes defining said fluid flow path and extending through that well portion.

23. An apparatus for production testing a permeable formation, comprising:

one or more pipes dimensioned for being positioned within a well such that said one or more pipes define a fluid flow channel or path between a first permeable formation and a second permeable formation;

at least one seal element positioned in the well to isolate the first and second formations from fluid cross-flow; and

at least one sensor, in communication with the fluid flow channel, for providing at least one measurement of a fluid conducted in the fluid flow channel from the first permeable formation to the second permeable formation, and wherein said one or more pipes are dimensioned and arranged so as to isolate, relative to an entire axial length of said one or more pipes of said apparatus, fluid flow only between said first and second formations.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the sensor is a sensor for use in determining hydrocarbon fluid flow rate and is provided within the fluid flow channel.

25. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein at least one of said one or more pipes is open at an end of the fluid flow channel closest to the permeable formation to be production tested, and is closed at an opposite end, and wherein said pipe with closed end is provided, in a portion of said pipe adjacent the closed end, with at least one lateral fluid port for fluid communication with the second permeable formation.

26. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein at least one of said one or more pipes is closed at a first and a second end, and wherein one or more lateral gates for fluid communication are provided adjacent each of the first and second ends within an area of said closed ended pipe which is surrounded by a respective one of the permeable first and second formations.

27. The apparatus according to claim 26, wherein each through-going lateral gate is assigned a movable, perforated sleeve which, upon displacement in relation to a lateral gate in the closed ended pipe provides unthrottled or throttled ingoing/outgoing flow of fluid or closure of the fluid flow.

28. The apparatus according to claim 23, further comprising a pump for displacement of the fluid between the first and the second permeable formations.

29. The apparatus according to claim 28 comprising means for measuring the pump flow in combination with fluid characterization sensors set at locations in contact with a preestablished fluid flow channel volume.

30. The apparatus according to claim 28, wherein the pump is a reversible pump for changing flow direction of the fluid flowing between the first and second formations.

31. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein the fluid flow channel is provided with a remotely operable valve to control the fluid flow through the channel.

32. The apparatus according to claim 26, further comprising a well casing which, in use, has a free end positioned vertically between said first and second formations, and wherein said one or more pipes retain a position within said casing so as to have a pipe end thereof positioned vertically intermediate said first and second formations.

33. The apparatus according to claim 23, further comprising a well casing which, in use, has a free lower end positioned vertically above both said first and second formations, and wherein said one or more pipes retain a position with respect to said casing so as to penetrate said first and second formations.

34. The apparatus according to claim 23 wherein said at least one seal element is an annular seal element through which one or more of said pipes extends.

35. The apparatus according to claim 33 wherein said one or more pipes include fluid reception ports spaced inwardly of a surface of said well.

36. The apparatus according to claims 35 wherein said at least one seal element is axially spaced in the well from said fluid reception ports.

37. The apparatus according to claim 23 wherein a plurality of seal elements are axially spaced apart within said well, and at least one of said pipes extends through one or more of said seal elements.

59. The apparatus of claim 36, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a water detection sensor.

47. An apparatus for use in testing a hydrocarbon permeable formation, comprising:

a hydrocarbon fluid flow channel-forming pipe having a first end and a second end, said pipe having a first permeable formation fluid communication port at said first end, said pipe further comprising a second permeable formation port at said second end such that all hydrocarbon flow derived form the hydrocarbon permeable formation being tested is controlled and confined within said pipe to travel between the first and second ends of said channel-forming pipe;

means for supporting said apparatus within a well and in position within the well relative to said first and second permeable formations, said supporting means including sealing means positioned so as to preclude cross-flow of hydrocarbon fluid between said first and second permeable formations and both within the well and external to said pipe;

a hydrocarbon fluid physical property sensor positioned to be in communication with the hydrocarbon fluid flow between the first and second permeable formations.

48. The apparatus as recited in claim 47, further comprising a valve supported by said apparatus and positioned to provide flow control relative to the fluid flow between said first and second permeable formations.

49. The apparatus as recited in claim 47 further comprising a first end closure member positioned at the first end of said pipe, said first end closure being positioned so as to block fluid passage axial past said pipe to enhance fluid flow through said second permeable formation fluid communication port and into the second permeable formation when in use;

and

wherein said closure member is an end cap on said pipe and said apparatus is supported in use solely by said sealing means.

50. The apparatus as recited in claim 47 wherein said sealing means includes a first sealing member and a second sealing member in sealing communication with said pipe and positioned axially spaced along said pipe so as to assume a position above and below the second permeable formation when in use.

51. The apparatus as recited in claim 50 further comprising a third sealing member axially spaced below said first and second seal members.

52. The apparatus as recited in claim 47 wherein said first permeable formation fluid communication port is formed by an open end of said pipe.

53. An apparatus for hydrocarbon production testing, and intended to be mounted in a well having an expected permeable first formation to be production tested, and an expected second permeable formation, said apparatus comprising:

one or more sensors, meters, regulators, or controllers for carrying out a corresponding hydrocarbon production sensing, measuring, recording pressure condition or flowing rate determination step relative to hydrocarbon fluid traveling within the well, said apparatus further comprising one or more channel forming pipes each having one or more inlet fluid ports and one or more fluid exit ports which, within the well, establish a hydrocarbon fluid flow path between the first formation to be production tested and the second permeable formation, at least one sealing element placed within the well in order to restrict the fluid flow between the first and second formations to said fluid flow path, and the inlet and outlet fluid ports being located above and below the at least one sealing element and are arranged in said one or more channel forming pipes such that said one or more channel forming pipes represent a closed system which excludes fluid flow to or from additional formations within the well and to or from a surface from which the well extends, such that all fluid flow released to said one or more channel forming pipes by the first permeable formation is restricted to travel to the second formation.

54. An apparatus for testing a well having a first formation and a second formation, the apparatus comprising:

a channel that provides fluid communication between the first formation and the second formation;

a pump in fluid communication with the channel, the pump inducing a flow of fluid from the first formation into the channel and from the channel into the second formation;

at least one sealing element that restricts the flow of fluid; and

the channel having one or more inlet ports positioned at a location below or above the at least one sealing clement and one or more outlet ports, and wherein said channel, inlet ports and outlet ports are arranged such that all fluid flow received by said channel between opposite axial ends thereof is directed from the first formation to the second formation in a common flow direction.

55. The apparatus of claim 54, further comprising a pressure sensor.

56. The apparatus of claim 54, further comprising at least one sensor for measuring a characteristic of the fluid.

57. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein that at least one sensor comprises a liquid or gas flow rate sensor.

58. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the at least one sensor comprises a temperature sensor.

60. The apparatus of claim 56, wherein the at least one sensor measures the characteristic of the fluid as the fluid flows from the first formation to the second formation.

61. The apparatus of claim 54 further comprising a sand detection sensor.

62. The apparatus of claim 54 wherein the pump is driven by an electrical submersible motor.

63. The apparatus of claim 54, further comprising a timer and wherein the flow of fluid from the first formation to the second formation is stopped after a certain period of time determined by said timer.

64. The apparatus of claim 54, further comprising a valve that is closable to prohibit the flow of fluid from the first formation to the second formation.

65. The apparatus of claim 64, further comprising at least one sensor for measuring a characteristic of the fluid while the flow of fluid is stopped.

66. The apparatus of claim 65, further comprising pump and valve controls for restarting an earlier stopped flow of fluid so as to enable the fluid flow from the first formation to the second formation.

67. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the channel has inlet and outlet ports, at least one seal, a pump and one or more measuring devices arranged to correspond with the first formation being located above the second formation.

68. The apparatus of claim 54, wherein the channel has inlet and outlet ports, at least one seal, a pump and measuring devices arranged to correspond with the first formation being located below the second formation.

69. The apparatus of claim 54, further comprising a sensor with a remote read signal output with the output signal being in response to changing flow or pressure conditions in one or any combination of the flow channel, a region between sealing elements and an annulus formed between the well and flow channel.

70. An apparatus for hydrocarbon production testing, and intended to be mounted in a well having an expected permeable first formation to be production tested, and an expected second permeable formation, said apparatus comprising:

one or more sensors, meters, regulators, or controllers for carrying out a corresponding hydrocarbon production sensing, measuring, recording pressure condition or flowing rate determination step relative to hydrocarbon fluid traveling within the well, said apparatus further comprising one or more channel-forming pipes having fluid ports which, within the well, establish a hydrocarbon fluid flow path between the first formation to be production tested and the second permeable formation, and at least one seal element provided within the well in order to restrict the fluid flow between the first and second formations to said fluid flow path so as to avoid fluid communication between the two permeable formations other than through said fluid flow path, and wherein at least one of said one or more channel-forming pipes is open at an end portion situated closest to the first formation to be production tested to define one of said fluid ports, but closed at the opposite end, and where another portion of said closed end channel-forming pipe is situated adjacent said second formation and has additional fluid ports defined by one or more lateral, through-going gates.

71. An apparatus for production testing a permeable formation, comprising:

one or more pipes dimensioned for being positioned within a well such that said one or more pipes define a fluid flow channel or path between a first permeable formation and a second permeable formation;

at least one seal element positioned in the well to isolate the first and second formations from fluid cross-flow; and

at least one sensor, in communication with the fluid flow channel, for providing at least one measurement of a fluid conducted in the fluid flow channel from the first permeable formation to the second permeable formation, and wherein at least one of said one or more pipes is open at an end of the fluid flow channel closest to the permeable formation to be production tested, and is closed at an opposite end, and wherein said pipe with closed end is provided, in a portion of said pipe adjacent the closed end, with at least one lateral fluid port for fluid communication with the second permeable formation.

72. An apparatus for production testing a permeable formation, comprising:

one or more pipes dimensioned for being positioned within a well such that said one or more pipes define a fluid flow channel or path between a first permeable formation and a second permeable formation;

at least one seal element positioned in the well to isolate the first and second formations from fluid cross-flow; and

at least one sensor, in communication with the fluid flow channel, for providing at least one measurement of a fluid conducted in the fluid flow channel from the first permeable formation to the second permeable formation and wherein at least one of said one or more pipes is closed at a first and a second end, arid wherein one or more lateral gates for fluid communication are provided adjacent each of the first and second ends within an area of said closed ended pipe which is surrounded by a respective one of the permeable first and second formations.

73. An apparatus for production testing a permeable formation, comprising:

one or more pipes dimensioned for being positioned within a well such that said one or more pipes define a fluid flow channel or path between a first permeable formation and a second permeable formation;

at least one seal element positioned in the well to isolate the first and second formations from fluid cross-flow;

at least one sensor, in communication with the fluid flow channel, for providing at least one measurement of a fluid conducted in the fluid flow channel from the first permeable formation to the second permeable formation; and

a pump for displacement of the fluid between the first and the second permeable formations, and wherein the pump is a reversible pump for changing flow direction of the fluid flowing between the first and second formations.

74. An apparatus for hydrocarbon production testing, and intended to be mounted in a well between an expected permeable first formation to be production tested, and an expected second permeable formation, said apparatus comprising:

one or more sensors, meters, regulators, or controllers for carrying out a corresponding hydrocarbon production sensing, measuring, recording pressure condition or flowing rate determination step relative to hydrocarbon fluid traveling within the well, said apparatus further comprising one or more channel-forming pipes having fluid ports which, within the well, establish a hydrocarbon fluid flow path between the first formation to be production tested and the second permeable formation, and sealing means placed within the well in order to restrict the fluid flow between the first and second formation to said fluid flow path so that the fluid flow path constitutes the only fluid communication between the two permeable formations, and said apparatus further comprising a leakage sensor for sensing of fluid leakage including leakage of drilling fluid situated external to said one or more channel-forming pipes into said one or more channel-forming pipes.