Stabilized enhanced efficiency controllable release calcium cyanamide compositions

• US 6,576,035 B2
• Filed: 12/08/2000
• Issued: 06/10/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 12/08/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Richard Hartmann
• Original Assignee: Richard Hartmann
• Inventors: Hartmann, Richard O., Shirley, A. Ray Jr., Holt, Timothy G.
• Primary Examiner(s): Sayala, Chhaya D.
• Application Number:
  US09/733,574
• Publication Number:
  US 20020121117A1
• Time in Patent Office: 914 Days
• Field of Search: 71/28, 71/55, 71/640.2, 71/640.3, 71/640.7
• US Class Current: 71/28
• CPC Class Codes: C05C 7/00 Fertilisers containing calcium or other cyanamides
• CPC Class Codes: C05C 9/00 Fertilisers containing urea or urea compounds
• CPC Class Codes: C05C 9/02 containing urea-formaldehyde condensates
• CPC Class Codes: C05F 3/00 Fertilisers from human or animal excrements, e.g. manure
• CPC Class Codes: C05G 5/12 Granules or flakes
• CPC Class Codes: C05G 5/23 Solutions
• CPC Class Codes: C05G 5/27 Dispersions, e.g. suspensions or emulsions
• CPC Class Codes: C05G 5/30 Layered or coated, e.g. dust-preventing coatings
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 40/20 Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 20/145 the feedstock being materials of biological origin

Abstract

Calcium cyanamide compositions and methods for their use are disclosed. The compositions and methods stabilize active ionic compositions comprising calcium cyanamide and enhance the effectiveness of calcium cyanamide alone or synergistically in combination with nitrogen containing materials such as urea and organics, for example, manures. The compositions and methods also facilitate controllable site directed delivery of the contents of the stabilized compositions. The compositions and methods are effective for fertilizing, soil amending, metal stabilizing and odor and organism inhibition. The compositions are stable, easily calibrated, and non-clogging for spray delivery to target sites.

Claims

1. A granular material, comprising:

about 0.1 to about 40% of the total weight as calcium cyanamide; and

about 60 to about 99.9 percent of the total weight as urea.

2. The granular material of claim 1 where the calcium cyanamide is homogeneously mixed with the urea.

3. The granular material of claim 1 that is heterogeneous and comprises a core and a shell.

4. The granular material of claim 3 where the core comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of calcium cyanamide, urea, and mixtures thereof and the shell comprises a substance selected from the group consisting of calcium cyanamide, urea, and mixtures thereof.

5. The granular material of claim 4 where the core comprises calcium cyanamide and the shell comprises urea.

6. The granular material of claim 1 further comprising at least one additional nitrogen containing material.

7. The granular material of claim 6 where the at least one additional nitrogen containing material is an ammonium salt.

8. The granular material of claim 7 where the ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium monophosphate, ammonium diphosphate, ammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof.

9. The granular material according to claim 1 further comprising at least one non-nitrogen plant nutrient.

10. The granular material of claim 9 where the non-nitrogen plant nutrient is selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, magnesium, molybdenum, sulfur, and mixtures thereof.

11. The granular material of according to claim 1 where the composition further comprises at least one nitrogen containing compound selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium monophosphate, ammonium diphosphate, ammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof and at least one non-nitrogen plant nutrient selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, magnesium, molybdenum, sulfur, and mixtures thereof.

12. A heterogeneous composition comprising a calcium cyanamide core and a urea shell where the calcium cyanamide core is from about 0.1 to about 40 percent by weight and the urea shell is from about 60 to about 99.9 percent by weight.

13. The composition according to claim 12 where the calcium cyanamide core comprises from about 0.1 to about 10 percent of the total mass of the composition and the urea shell further comprises from about 90 to about 99.9 percent of the total mass of the composition.

14. The composition according to claim 13 where the composition is granular.

15. The composition according to claim 12 further comprising at least one additional nitrogen containing compound.

16. The composition of claim 15 where the at least one additional nitrogen containing compound is an ammonium salt.

17. The composition of claim 16 where the ammonium salt is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium monophosphate, ammonium diphosphate, ammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof.

18. The composition according to claim 12 further comprising at least one additional non-nitrogen plant nutrient.

19. The composition of claim 18 where the non-nitrogen-containing plant nutrient is selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, magnesium, molybdenum, sulfur, and mixtures thereof.

20. The composition of claim 12 further comprising a hardening agent in the urea shell.

21. The composition of claim 20 where the hardening agent is formaldehyde.

22. The composition according to claim 14 where the composition further comprises at least one additional nitrogen containing compound and at least one additional non-nitrogen plant nutrient.

23. The composition of claim 22 where the at least one additional nitrogen containing compound is selected from the group consisting of ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium monophosphate, ammonium diphosphate, ammonium citrate, ammonium nitrate, calcium ammonium phosphate, and mixtures thereof and the at least one additional non-nitrogen plant nutrient is selected from the group consisting of phosphorous, potassium, iron, copper, zinc, manganese, boron, magnesium, molybdenum, sulfur, and mixtures thereof.

24. A method for making a heterogeneous granular composition, comprising:

providing a calcium cyanamide particle; and

coating the calcium cyanamide particle with urea.

25. The method according to claim 24 where the calcium cyanamide particle is from about 0.1 to 40 percent by weight of the final heterogeneous granular composition.

26. The method according to claim 25 where the calcium cyanamide particle is from about 0.1 to about 10 percent by weight of the final heterogeneous granular composition.

27. The method according to claim 24 where urea is molten.

28. The method according to claim 27 where the molten urea is sprayed onto the calcium cyanamide particle.

29. The method according to claim 27 where the molten urea spray further comprises from about 0.01% to about 10% water.

30. The method according to claim 27 where the calcium cyanamide particle is coated with successive layers.

31. The method according to claim 30 where the successive layers are all urea layers.

32. The method according to claim 30 where at least one of the successive layers comprise materials selected from the group consisting of urea, ammonium sulfate, ammonium citrate, ammonium phosphate, calcium ammonium nitrate, calcium nitrate, sodium nitrate, ammonium chloride, and mixtures thereof.

33. An aqueous composition comprising greater than about 40 parts of water and about 10 parts of calcium cyanamide and urea combined, where the about 10 parts of calcium cyanamide and urea combined further comprises from about 0.1 to about 3 parts calcium cyanamide and from about 7 to about 9.9 parts urea.

34. The composition of claim 33 where aeration of the composition is inhibited.

35. The aqueous composition of claim 33 where it is a slurry.

36. The aqueous composition of claim 33 where it is a solution.