Calibration circuit

• US 6,577,114 B1
• Filed: 07/31/2000
• Issued: 06/10/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 07/31/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Marvell Asia Pte Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Original Assignee: Marvell International Limited (Marvell Technology Group Limited)
• Inventors: Roo, Pierte
• Primary Examiner(s): Cuneo, Kamand
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nguyen, Jimmy
• Application Number:
  US09/629,095
• Time in Patent Office: 1,044 Days
• Field of Search: 438/17, 438/14, 375/224, 702/85, 702/106, 702/107, 324/158.1, 324/601, 324/130, 324/76.28, 324/76.29
• US Class Current: 324/76.28
• CPC Class Codes: H03H 11/1291 Current or voltage controlled filters
• CPC Class Codes: H03J 2200/10 Tuning of a resonator by means of digitally controlled capacitor bank

Abstract

An apparatus is provided to calibrate a target electrical circuit. The target electrical circuit includes at least a first variable capacitor and a first resistive element. The apparatus includes a second variable capacitor proportionally matched to the first variable capacitor. The apparatus also includes a measurement branch having at least a second resistive element proportionally matched to the first resistive element, and a current generator to generate a current proportionally matched to a predicted current of the target circuit. The apparatus also includes a digital loop to generate a digital code based on at least a comparison between d first voltage signal of the measurement branch and a predetermined voltage.

Claims

1. An apparatus to calibrate a target electrical circuit, the target electrical circuit including at least a first variable capacitor and a first resistive element, said apparatus comprising:

a second variable capacitor proportionally matched to the first variable capacitor;

a measurement branch having at least a second resistive element proportionally matched to the first resistive element, and a current generator to generate a current proportionally matched to a predicted current of the target circuit; and

a digital loop to generate a digital code based on at least a comparison between a first voltage signal of the measurement branch and a predetermined voltage.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the capacitance of the second variable capacitor is varied according to the digital code.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the capacitance of the first variable capacitor is varied according to the digital code.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, further comprising a current source, wherein the current generator proportionally mirrors the current source and supplies the proportional current through the measurement branch of the apparatus.

5. The apparatus according to claim 4, wherein a comparison between a second voltage signal of the measurement branch and the predetermined voltage signal enables the digital loop.

6. The apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first and second variable capacitors each comprise a plurality of switch enabled capacitors.

7. The apparatus according to claim 1, further

comprising a variable resistor having a resistance that is varied according the digital code.

8. An apparatus to calibrate a target electrical circuit, the target electrical circuit including at least a first variable capacitor and a first resistive element, said apparatus comprising:

means for providing variable capacitance which is proportionally matched to the first variable capacitor;

means for measuring including at least means for proportionally matching the first resistive element, and means for generating a current that is proportionally matched to a predicted current of the target circuit; and

means for generating a digital code based on at least a comparison between a first voltage signal of the means for measuring and a predetermined voltage.

9. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the capacitance of the means for providing a variable capacitance is varied according to the digital code.

10. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the capacitance of the first variable capacitor is varied according to the digital code.

11. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising means for providing current, wherein the current generating means proportionally mirrors the current providing means and generates the proportional current through the means for measuring.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein a comparison between a second voltage signal and the predetermined voltage signal enables the digital code generating means.

13. The apparatus according to claim 8, wherein the first variable capacitor and the variable capacitance means each comprise a plurality of capacitors and a plurality of means for switching.

14. The apparatus according to claim 8, further comprising means for varying resistance that is varied according the digital code.

15. A method of calibrating a target electrical circuit, the target electrical circuit including at least a first variable capacitor and a first resistive element, said apparatus comprising:

matching a second variable capacitor to the first variable capacitor;

providing a measurement branch having at least a second resistive element proportionally matched to the first resistive element, and providing a current proportionally matched to a predicted current of the target circuit; and

generating a digital code based on at least a comparison between a first voltage signal of the measurement branch and a predetermined voltage.

16. The method according to claim 15, further comprising a step of varying the capacitance of the second variable capacitor according to the digital code.

17. The method according to claim 15, further comprising a step of varying the capacitance of the first variable capacitor according to the digital code.

18. The method according to claim 15, further comprising a step of supplying the proportionally matched current through the measurement branch.

19. The method according to claim 18, further comprising a step of enabling the generation of the digital code based on a comparison of a second voltage signal of the measurement branch and the predetermined voltage signal to enable the digital loop.

20. The method according to claim 15, wherein the first and second variable capacitors each comprise a plurality of switch enabled capacitors.

21. The method according to claim 20, further comprising a step of varying a resistance according the digital code.

22. A method of calibrating at least one calibrated component of a target electrical circuit with at least one replica component of a calibration circuit, the target electrical circuit and the calibration circuit each including electrical components, said method comprising the steps of:

correlating the calibrated component of the target circuit and the replica component of the calibration circuit, wherein at least one replica component of the target electrical circuit is proportionally matched to the at least one calibrated electrical component;

driving the calibration circuit to a steady state;

generating a signal code corresponding to the steady-state of the calibration circuit; and

providing the signal code to the target circuit for calibration.

23. A method according to claim 22, wherein the signal code is a digital signal code.

24. Apparatus for calibrating at least one calibrated electrical component of a target electrical circuit, the target electrical circuit including electrical components, said apparatus comprising:

means for correlating the at least one calibrated electrical component of the target circuit and at least one replica component of the apparatus, wherein the at least one replica component of the target electrical circuit is proportionally matched to the at least one calibrated electrical component;

means for driving the apparatus to a steady state;

means for generating a signal code corresponding to the steady-state of the apparatus; and

means for providing the signal code to the target circuit for calibration.

25. An apparatus according to claim 24, wherein the signal code is a digital signal code.

26. A method of calibrating at least one of a variable capacitor and a variable resistor of a target electrical circuit, the method comprising the steps of:

providing an electrical calibration circuit comprising one of a replica capacitance and a replica resistance, wherein the replica capacitance is proportionally matched to the variable capacitor, wherein the replica resistance is proportionally matched to the variable resistor;

determining a relationship between the target electrical circuit and the at least one of the variable capacitor and the variable resistance;

mapping the relationship to the at least one of the replica capacitance and the replica resistance;

generating a signal which corresponds to a steady state of the electrical calibration circuit; and

providing the signal to at least one of the variable capacitor and the variable resistor of the target electrical circuit.

27. The method according to claim 26, wherein the replica capacitance includes a first variable capacitor, and said method further comprises the step of providing the signal to the first variable capacitor.

28. The method according to claim 27, said method further comprising the step of providing the signal to the variable resistor of the target electrical circuit.

29. The method according to claim 26, wherein the replica resistance includes a first variable resistor, and said method further comprises the step of providing the signal to the first variable resistor.

30. A method according to claim 26, wherein the signal is a digital signal code.

31. Apparatus for calibrating a target electrical circuit, the target electrical circuit comprising at least one of a variable capacitor and a variable resistance, the apparatus comprising:

one of a replica resistance means and a replica capacitance means, wherein the replica capacitance means is proportionally matched to the variable capacitor, wherein the replica resistance means is proportionally matched to the variable resistor;

means for accommodating a relationship between the variable capacitor and the variable resistance of the target electrical circuit and the replica capacitance means and the replica resistance means;

means for mapping the relationship to the replica resistance means and the replica capacitance means;

means for generating a signal which corresponds to a steady state of the apparatus; and

means for providing the signal to at least one of the variable capacitor and the variable resistor.

32. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the signal is provided to the first variable capacitor.

33. The apparatus according to claim 32, wherein the signal is provided to the first variable resistor.

34. The apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the signal is provided to the first variable resistor.

35. An apparatus according to claim 31, wherein the signal is a digital signal code.

36. A method of calibrating a target circuit with a calibration circuit, the target circuit including at least a first and second variable capacitor, the calibration circuit including at least a replica variable capacitor, the method comprising the steps of:

proportionally matching the replica variable capacitor in the calibration circuit with the first and second variable capacitor the target circuit;

generating a signal in response to a voltage change in the calibration circuit; and

providing the signal to each of the three variable capacitors.

37. A method according to claim 36, wherein the signal is a digital signal code.

38. A method of calibrating a target circuit with a calibration circuit, the target circuit including at least a first and second variable capacitor, the calibration circuit including at least a third variable capacitor, the method comprising the steps of:

proportionally matching components in the calibration circuit with the target circuit;

generating a signal in response to a voltage change in the calibration circuit; and

providing the signal to each of the three variable capacitors,

wherein the change in voltage comprises a comparison between a first measured voltage and a predetermined voltage.

39. The method according to claim 38, further comprising the step of enabling the generation of the signal based on a comparison between a second measured voltage and the predetermined voltage.

40. A method according to claim 38, wherein the signal is a digital signal code.

41. Apparatus for calibrating a target circuit, the target circuit including at least a first variable capacitor, the apparatus comprising:

replica capacitance means proportionally matched to the first variable capacitor;

means for generating a signal in response to a voltage change in the apparatus responsive to the replica capacitance means; and

means for providing the signal to the variable capacitor and to the replica capacitance means.

42. Apparatus for calibrating a target circuit, the target circuit including at least a first variable capacitor, the apparatus comprising:

means for providing variable capacitance;

component means for proportionally matching components in the target circuit;

means for generating a signal in response to a voltage change in the apparatus; and

means for providing the signal to the variable capacitor and to the means for providing variable capacitance,

wherein the change in voltage comprises a comparison between a first measured voltage and a predetermined voltage.

43. An apparatus according to claim 42, wherein the signal is a digital signal code.

44. Apparatus for calibrating a target circuit, the target circuit including at least a first variable capacitor, the apparatus comprising:

means for providing variable capacitance;

component means for proportionally matching components in the target circuit;

means for generating a signal in response to a voltage change in the apparatus;

means for providing the signal to the variable capacitor and to the means for providing variable capacitance; and

means for generating signal, wherein the signal is incremented by a comparison between a second measured voltage and the predetermined voltage.

45. An apparatus according to claim 44, wherein the signal is a digital signal code.

46. An apparatus for calibrating at least one of a target capacitance and a target resistance having a target time constant, comprising:

a replica capacitance;

a replica resistance, wherein said replica capacitance and said replica resistance have a replica time constant, wherein the replica time constant is proportional to the target time constant;

a calibration circuit responsive to said replica capacitance and said replica resistance to provide an output signal; and

a control circuit to adjust at least one of

said replica capacitance by a first amount, and

said replica resistance by a second amount in accordance with a deviation of the output signal from a reference signal,

wherein at least one of

the target capacitance is adjusted in accordance with the first amount, and

the target resistance is adjusted in accordance with the second amount.

47. An apparatus according to claim 46, wherein said replica capacitance comprises a plurality of switched replica capacitances and the target capacitance comprises a plurality of switched target capacitances.

48. An apparatus according to claim 47, wherein said control circuit comprises a digital loop to select at least one of said plurality of switched replica capacitances and at least one of said plurality of switched target capacitances.

49. An apparatus according to claim 46, wherein said replica resistance comprises a plurality of switched replica resistances and the target resistance comprises a plurality of switched target resistances.

50. An apparatus according to claim 49, wherein said control circuit comprises a digital loop to select at least one of said plurality of switched replica resistances and at least one of said plurality of switched target resistances.

51. An apparatus according to claim 46, further comprising a plurality of target capacitances and a plurality of target resistances, wherein the plurality of target capacitances are adjusted in accordance with the first amount, and wherein the plurality of target resistances are adjusted in accordance with the second amount.

52. An apparatus according to claim 51, further comprising a measurement branch, and a current generator to generate a current proportionally matched to a predicted current.

53. An apparatus according to claim 52, further comprising a current source, wherein the current generator proportionally mirrors the current source and supplies the proportional current through the measurement branch of the apparatus.

54. An apparatus for calibrating at least one of a target capacitance and a target resistance having a target time constant, comprising:

means for providing replica capacitance;

means for providing replica resistance, wherein said means for providing replica capacitance and said means for providing replica resistance means have a replica time constant, wherein the replica time constant is proportional to the target time constant;

means for calibrating responsive to said means for providing replica capacitance and said means for providing replica resistance to provide an output signal; and

means for controlling to adjust at least one of said means for providing replica capacitance by a first amount, and said means for providing replica resistance by a second amount in accordance with a deviation of the output signal from a reference signal,

wherein at least one of the target capacitance is adjusted in accordance with the first amount, and the target resistance is adjusted in accordance with the second amount.

55. An apparatus according to claim 54, wherein said means for providing replica capacitance comprises a plurality of means for providing switched replica capacitances and the target capacitance comprises a plurality of means for providing switched target capacitances.

56. An apparatus according to claim 55, wherein said controlling means comprises a digital loop to select at least one of said plurality of providing switched replica capacitances means and at least one of said plurality of providing switched target capacitances means.

57. An apparatus according to claim 54, wherein said replica resistance comprises a plurality of means for providing switched replica resistances and the target resistance comprises a plurality of means for providing switched target resistances.

58. An apparatus according to claim 57, wherein said controlling means comprises a digital loop to select at least one of said plurality of providing switched replica resistances means and at least one of said plurality of providing switched target resistances means.

59. An apparatus according to claim 54, further comprising a plurality of target capacitances and a plurality of target resistances, wherein the plurality of target capacitances are adjusted in accordance with the first amount, and wherein the plurality of target resistances are adjusted in accordance with the second amount.

60. An apparatus according to claim 59, further comprising a measurement branch, and means for generating a current that is proportionally matched to a predicted current.

61. The apparatus according to claim 60, further comprising means for providing current, wherein generating means proportionally mirrors the means for providing current and supplies the proportional current through the measurement branch.

62. A method of calibrating at least one of a target capacitance and a target resistance having a target time constant in accordance with a replica capacitance and a replica resistance having a replica time constant, the replica time constant being proportional to the target time constant, said method comprising the step of:

(a) applying a signal to the replica capacitance and the replica resistance;

(b) determining a deviation signal from an output signal of the replica capacitance and the replica resistance and a reference signal;

(c) adjusting at least one of

(c1) the replica capacitance by a first amount, and

(c2) the replica resistance by a second amount in accordance with a deviation signal;

(d) adjusting at least one of

(d1) the target capacitance in accordance with the first amount; and

(d2) the target resistance in accordance with the second amount.

63. A method according to claim 62, wherein the target capacitance comprises a plurality of switch target capacitances, wherein the replica capacitance comprises a plurality of switch replica capacitances,

wherein step (c1) comprises the step of switching at least one of the plurality of switched replica capacitances, and

wherein step (d1) comprises the step of switching at least one of the plurality of switched target capacitances.

65. An apparatus to calibrate a target electrical circuit, the target electrical circuit including a first variable capacitor and a first resistive element, said apparatus comprising:

a second variable capacitor proportionally matched to the first variable capacitor;

a measurement branch having at least a second resistive element proportionally matched to the first resistive element, and a current generator to generate a current proportionally matched to a predicted current of the target circuit; and

a comparator to generate a signal based on at least a comparison between a first voltage signal of the measurement branch and a predetermined voltage.

64. A method according to claim 65,

wherein the target resistance comprises a plurality of switch target resistances,

wherein the replica resistance comprises a plurality of switch replica resistances,

wherein step (c2) comprises the step of switching at least one of the plurality of switched replica resistances, and

wherein step (d2) comprises the step of switching at least one of the plurality of switched target resistances.

66. An apparatus to calibrate a target electrical circuit, the target electrical circuit including at least a first variable capacitor and a first resistive element, said apparatus comprising:

means for providing variable capacitance which is proportionally matched to the first variable capacitor;

means for measuring including at least means for proportionally matching the first resistive element, and means for generating a current that is proportionally matched to a predicted current of the target circuit; and

means for generating a signal based on at least a comparison between a first voltage signal of the means for measuring and a predetermined voltage.

67. A method of calibrating a target electrical circuit, the target electrical circuit including at least a first variable capacitor and a first resistive element, said apparatus comprising:

matching a second variable capacitor to the first variable capacitor;

providing a measurement branch having at least a second resistive element proportionally matched to the first resistive element, and providing a current proportionally matched to a predicted current of the target circuit; and

generating a signal based on at least a comparison between a first voltage signal of the measurement branch and a predetermined voltage.

68. An apparatus for calibrating at least one of a target capacitance and a target resistance having a target time constant, comprising:

replica capacitance means;

replica resistance means, wherein said replica capacitance means and said replica resistance means have a replica time constant, wherein the replica time constant is proportional to the target time constant;

calibrating means responsive to said replica capacitance means and said replica resistance means to provide an output signal; and

controlling means for adjusting at least one of said replica capacitance means by a first amount, and said replica resistance means by a second amount in accordance with a deviation of the output signal from a reference signal,

wherein at least one of the target capacitance is adjusted in accordance with the first amount, and the target resistance is adjusted in accordance with the second amount.