Wireless medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment

• US 6,577,893 B1
• Filed: 06/15/2001
• Issued: 06/10/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 09/04/1993
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Body Science LLC (Acacia Research Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Motorola, Inc. (Motorola Solutions, Inc.)
• Inventors: Bax, Ralph, Besson, Marcus, von Czettriz, Gotthart
• Primary Examiner(s): Getzow, Scott M.
• Application Number:
  US09/882,152
• Time in Patent Office: 725 Days
• Field of Search: 600/509, 600/372-394
• US Class Current: 600/509
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0219 of externally powered implanted units
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0271 using a remote monitoring unit
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0412 Low-profile patch shaped housings
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0468 Built-in electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/0219 Inertial sensors, e.g. accelerometers, gyroscopes, tilt switches
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/028 Microscale sensors, e.g. electromechanical sensors [MEMS]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/002 Monitoring the patient using a local or closed circuit, e.g. in a room or building A61B5/0017 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14552 Details of sensors specially adapted therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4035 Evaluating the autonomic nervous system
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6825 Hand
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6826 Finger
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6838 Clamps or clips
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45103 Non-folded cascode stages
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 128/903 Radio telemetry

Abstract

A medical diagnosis and monitoring equipment has wireless electrodes, which are attached to the surface of the skin of the patient. The electrodes comprise a digital transmitting and receiving unit with antenna and microsensors. The electrodes can be used, among other things, for detecting EEG- and EKG- signals, as well as for monitoring body/breathing movements, the temperature, perspiration, etc. A preferred exemplified embodiment comprises an electrode comprising all functions in a semiconductor chip which, as an integrated circuit, is equipped with the respective sensor, sensor control, frequency generation, transmitting and receiving units, as well as with a transmission control unit. The antenna is arranged in this connection in the flexible electrode covering or directly in the chip.

Claims

1. A medical system for acquiring measured data, in particular for monitoring body functions, comprising:

at least one evaluation station having at least one receiver and at least one transmitter for wireless digital data transmission and receiving;

at least two electrodes capable of being attached to a patient, each of said electrodes comprising;

at least one sensor for detecting an electric, physical, chemical or biological quantity, and converting the detected quantity into an electric signal;

a covering comprising;

at least one converter for converting the electric signal generated by said sensor into a digital value;

at least one transmitter coupled to said at least one converter for transmitting the digital data to the receiver in said evaluation station; and

at least one receiver for receiving data transmitted by the evaluation station transmitter,

whereby the data transmitted by said evaluation station to said electrode can control the data transmitted by said electrode to the evaluation station.

2. The system according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation station contains at least one encoding unit and wherein each electrode is equipped with a decoding unit.

3. The system according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation station comprises at least one demultiplexer unit and wherein said electrodes are equipped with at least one multiplexer unit.

4. The system according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation station contains at least one multiplexer unit and wherein said electrodes contains at least one demultiplexer unit.

5. The system according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation station has at least one of a storage unit, display unit and alarm unit.

6. The system according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation station and electrodes have at least one of an electromagnetic detector and emitter, said emitter being designed as a semiconductor diode.

7. The system according to claim 1, wherein said evaluation station further comprises a transmission control unit, said transmission control unit having a synchronization unit that synchronizes the reference frequencies, oscillator frequencies, carrier frequencies, the cycle, the phase and the time frame of the electrodes.

8. The system according to claim 1, wherein said electrodes further comprise a transmission control unit.

9. The system according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation station further comprises a status unit, said status unit permitting the selection of the electrode to be addressed and automatically recognizing which electrodes are connected and correctly connected to the body at the start of the diagnosis or monitoring.

10. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a control unit always adjusting the transmitting power of the signals of the electrodes and the evaluation station to the minimum value required for still operating the circuit and transmitter of the electrodes and if the transmitting power required by the electrodes is too high the respective electrode no longer transmits signals to the evaluation station and receives signals transmitted by the evaluation station.

11. The system according to claim 1, further comprising a calibration unit connected to at least one of the evaluation station and electrodes.

12. The system according to claim 1, wherein the evaluation station further comprises at least one of an interleaving unit and a deleaving unit and wherein the electrodes have at least one of an interleaving unit and deleaving unit.

13. The system according to claim 1, wherein said electrodes are attached to the skin surface.

14. The system according to claim 1, wherein each electrode has an electrode pin penetrating the body of a patient.

15. The system according to claim 1, wherein each electrode has an evaluation unit and a storage unit.

16. The system according to claim 1, wherein each electrode has three electrode pins penetrating the body of a patient.

17. The system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said electrodes has between two and four tapping points.

18. The system according to claim 17, wherein at least one tapping point is used as a reference.

19. The system according to claim 1, wherein at least one of said electrodes has three tapping points.

20. The system according to claim 19, wherein at least one tapping point is used as a reference.

21. The system according to claim 19, wherein said three tapping points are configured in an equilateral triangle shape.

22. A medical system for acquiring measured data, in particular for monitoring body functions, comprising:

at least one evaluation station having at least one receiver and at least one transmitter for wireless digital data transmission and receiving;

at least two electrodes capable of being attached to a patient, each of said electrodes comprising;

at least one sensor for detecting an electric, physical, chemical or biological quantity, and converting the detected quantity into an electric signal;

a covering comprising;

at least one converter for converting the electric signal generated by said sensor into a digital value;

at least one transmitter coupled to said at least one converter for transmitting the digital data to the receiver in said evaluation station; and

at least one receiver for receiving data transmitted by the evaluation station transmitter,

whereby the data transmitted by said evaluation station to said electrode can manipulate the data transmitted by said electrode to the evaluation station.

23. The system according to claim 22, wherein the evaluation station contains at least one encoding unit and wherein each electrode is equipped with a decoding unit.

24. The system according to claim 22, wherein the evaluation station comprises at least one demultiplexer unit and wherein said electrodes are equipped with at least one multiplexer unit.

25. The system according to claim 22, wherein the evaluation station contains at least one multiplexer unit and wherein said electrodes contain at least one demultiplexer unit.

26. The system according to claim 22, wherein the evaluation station has at least one of a storage unit, display unit and alarm unit.

27. The system according to claim 22, wherein the evaluation station and electrodes have at least one of an electromagnetic detector and emitter, said emitter being designed as a semiconductor diode.

28. The system according to claim 22, wherein said evaluation station further comprises a transmission control unit, said transmission control unit having a synchronization unit that synchronizes the reference frequencies, oscillator frequencies, carrier frequencies, the cycle, the phase and the time frame of the electrodes.

29. The system according to claim 22, wherein said electrodes further comprise a transmission control unit.

30. The system according to claim 22, wherein the evaluation station further comprises a status unit, said status unit permitting the selection of the electrode to be addressed and automatically recognizing which electrodes are connected and correctly connected to the body a the start of the diagnosis or monitoring.

31. The system according to claim 22, further comprising a control unit always adjusting the transmitting power of the signals of the electrodes and the evaluation station to the minimum value required for still operating the circuit and transmitter of the electrodes, and if the transmitting power required by the electrodes is too high the respective electrode no longer transmits signals to the evaluation station and receives signals transmitted by the evaluation station.

32. The ECG sensor of claim 31, wherein at least one tapping point determines a reference value.

33. The ECG sensor of claim 31, wherein the tapping points are between 1 and 5 cm apart.

34. The ECG sensor of claim 31, wherein the tapping points are between 3 and 5 cm apart.

35. The ECG sensor of claim 31, wherein the sensor is shaped like a cloverleaf.

36. The ECG sensor of claim 31, wherein the tapping points are arranged in a triangle configuration.

37. The system according to claim 22, further comprising a calibration unit connected to at least one of the evaluation station and electrodes.

38. The system according to claim 37, wherein at least one tapping point is used as a reference.

39. The system according to claim 22, wherein the evaluation station further comprises at least one of an interleaving unit and a deleaving unit and wherein the electrodes have at least one of an interleaving unit and deleaving unit.

40. The system according to claim 22, wherein said electrodes are attached to the skin surface.

41. The system according to claim 40, wherein at least one tapping point is used as a reference.

42. The system according to claim 22, wherein each electrode has an electrode pin penetrating the body of a patient.

43. The system according to claim 42, wherein said three tapping points are configured in an equilateral triangle shape.

44. The system according to claim 22, wherein each electrode has an evaluation unit and a storage unit.

45. The system according to claim 22, wherein each electrode has three electrode pins penetrating the body of a patient.

46. The system according to claim 22, wherein at least one of said electrodes has between two and four tapping points.

47. The system according to claim 22, wherein at least one of said electrodes has three tapping points.

48. An ECG sensor comprising a single electrode with at least three tapping points.

49. An ECG measurement system including an ECG reference signal resulting from at least two ECG sensors each having at least two electrode pins wherein one of the electrode pins of each ECG sensor is a reference pin that is galvanically connected to the reference electrode pin of at least one other ECG sensor.

50. A wireless ECG measurement system comprising:

at least two ECG sensors, each sensor comprising at least one electrode, each electrode including at least three tapping points.

a transmitter coupled to at least one of said ECG sensors for wireless transmission of data to an evaluation station.

51. The wireless ECG measurement system of claim 50, wherein the evaluation station comprises at least one receiver and at least one transmitter for wireless digital data transmission and receiving.

52. The wireless ECG measurement system of claim 50, wherein one of said tapping points determines a reference value.