Process and composition for removing toxins from bodily fluids

• US 6,579,460 B1
• Filed: 03/13/2001
• Issued: 06/17/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/13/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: UOP Llc (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Original Assignee: UOP Llc (Honeywell International Inc.)
• Inventors: Willis, Richard R., Ellig, Daniel L., Bem, David S.
• Primary Examiner(s): KIM, SUN U
• Application Number:
  US09/805,098
• Time in Patent Office: 826 Days
• Field of Search: 210/638, 210/645, 210/646, 210/660, 210/669, 210/667, 210/681, 210/690, 210/502.1, 210/510.1, 210/691, 210/903, 210/906, 210/908, 210/909, 210/483, 435/2, 424/650, 423/326, 423/331, 423/332, 423/700, 423/701, 423/713, 423/592, 502/349, 502/350, 502/415
• US Class Current: 210/638
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/1696 with dialysate regeneration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3679 by absorption A61M1/3675 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 39/02 Processes using inorganic exchangers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 39/10 Oxides or hydroxides
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 41/02 Processes using inorganic exchangers
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 41/10 Inorganic material
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/903 Nitrogenous
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/907 Phosphate slimes
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 210/908 Organic

Abstract

A process and a composite for removing toxic cations and anions from blood or dialysate is disclosed. The process involves contacting blood or dialysate with a shaped ion exchange composite to remove ammonium and phosphate ions. The composite is a mixture of an anion exchange composition such as zirconia and a microporous cation exchange composition formed into a shaped article and optionally containing a binder such as hydrous zirconium oxide. The microporous cation exchangers are represented by the following empirical formula.

A_pM_xZr_1−xSi_nGe_yO_m  (I)

or

A_pM_xTi_1−xSi_nGe_yO_m  (II)

Claims

1. A process for removing toxins from a fluid selected from the group consisting of blood and a dialysate solution, the process comprising directly or indirectly contacting the fluid with a shaped ion exchange composite at ion exchange conditions thereby providing a purified fluid, the composite comprising a mixture of a microporous cation exchange composition and an anion exchange composition, where the cation exchange composition is selected from the group consisting of zirconium metallate, titanium metallate and mixtures thereof, the metallates respectively having an empirical formula on an anhydrous basis of:

2. The process of claim 1 where the fluid is blood.

3. The process of claim 1 where the fluid is a dialysate solution.

4. The process of claim 1 where the ion exchange composite is contained in a fixed bed.

5. The process of claim 1 where the ion exchange composite is in a shape selected from the group consisting of extrudates, pills, pellets, spheres and irregularly shaped particles.

6. The process of claim 1 where the composite is further characterized in that it contains a binder selected from the group consisting of hydrous zirconium oxide, zirconia, zirconium phosphate, alumina, aluminum phosphate, titania, titanium phosphate, hydrous titanium oxide, layered double hydroxides, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, silica, basic clays and mixtures thereof.

7. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that the fluid is contacted with urease before being contacted with the ion exchange composite.

8. The process of claim 7 further characterized in that the fluid is contacted with a carbon bed prior to being contacted with the urease and the purified fluid is contacted with a carbon bed.

9. The process of claim 1 where the toxin is ammonium ion.

10. The process of claim 1 where the toxins are ammonium and phosphate ions.

11. The process of claim 1 where M is tin (4+).

12. The process of claim 1 where M is titanium (4+).

13. The process of claim 1 where M is niobium (5+).

14. The process of claim 1 where n=0.

15. The process of claim 1 further characterized in that the A cation is exchanged for a different secondary cation, A′

, selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metal, hydronium ions and mixtures thereof.

16. The process of claim 15 where A′

is a mixtures of sodium and calcium ions.

17. The process of claim 15 where A′

is a mixture of sodium, calcium and hydronium ions.

18. The process of claim 1 where the cation exchange composition has the structure of UZSi-9, UZSi-11 or UZSi-1.

19. A shaped ion exchange composite for removing toxins from blood or dialysate the composite comprising a mixture of a microporous cation exchange composition and an anion exchange composition, where the cation exchange composition is selected from the group consisting of zirconium metallate, titanium metallate and mixtures thereof, the metallates respectively having an empirical formula on an anhydrous basis of:

20. The composite of claim 19 where the ion exchange composite is in a shape selected from the group consisting of extrudates, pills, pellets, spheres and irregularly shaped particles.

21. The composite of claim 19 further characterized in that it contains a binder selected from the group consisting of hydrous zirconium oxide, zirconia, zirconium phosphate, alumina, aluminum phosphate, titania, titanium phosphate, hydrous titanium oxide, layered double hydroxides, magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, silica, basic clays and mixtures thereof.

22. The composite of claim 19 where M is tin (4+).

23. The composition of claim 19 where M is titanium (4+).

24. The composition of claim 19 where M is niobium (5+).

25. The composition of claim 19 where n=0.

26. The composition of claim 19 further characterized in that the A cation is exchanged for a different secondary cation, A′

, selected from the group consisting of alkali metals, alkaline earth metal, hydronium ions and mixtures thereof.

27. The composition of claim 26 where A′

is a mixtures of sodium and calcium ions.

28. The composition of claim 26 where A′

is a mixture of sodium, calcium and hydronium ions.

29. The composition of claim 19 where the cation exchange composition has the structure of UZSi-9, UZSi-11 or UZSi-1.