Method and apparatus for active line termination

• US 6,580,286 B1
• Filed: 01/04/2002
• Issued: 06/17/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 01/11/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Ikanos Communications Incorporated (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: GlobespanVirata, Inc. (Synaptics Incorporated)
• Inventors: Tennen, Aner
• Primary Examiner(s): Tokar, Michael
• Assistant Examiner(s): Tan, Vibol
• Application Number:
  US10/039,144
• Time in Patent Office: 529 Days
• Field of Search: 326/30, 326/83, 326/86, 326/90, 327/108-112
• US Class Current: 326/30
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/0266 Arrangements for providing Galvanic isolation, e.g. by means of magnetic or capacitive coupling
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/0002 analog front ends; means for connecting modulators, demodulators or transceivers to a transmission line duplex arrangements H04L5/143
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/2626 Arrangements specific to the transmitter only

Abstract

An improved method and apparatus for active line termination is disclosed. An active termination line driver (ATLD) includes a pair of power amplifiers configured to amplify a transmit signal, the amplifiers comprise a first input for receiving the transmit signal, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to the load. The ATLD also includes a resistive network configured to provide the feedback signal from the outputs of the amplifiers to the second inputs power amplifiers. The resistive network is selectively configured to facilitate any one of a plurality of feedback configurations to emulate a back-matching impedance. Other embodiments of the present invention may be construed as methods for power efficiently driving a transmit signal to a load.

Claims

1. An active termination line driver (ATLD) having a pair of input nodes and a pair of output nodes, wherein a transmit signal is connected across the input nodes and an amplified version of the transmit signal is driven across a load connected to the output nodes, the ATLD comprising:

a first power amplifier comprising a first input coupled to an input node of the line driver, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to the load;

a second power amplifier comprising a first input coupled to the other input node of the line driver, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to the load; and

a resistive network configured to provide the feedback signal from the outputs of the first and second power amplifiers to the second inputs of the first and second power amplifiers, respectively;

wherein the resistive network is selectively configured to facilitate a voltage-sense positive feedback configuration or a current-sense negative feedback configuration to emulate a back-matching impedance.

2. An active termination line driver (ATLD) having a pair of input nodes and a pair of output nodes, wherein a transmit signal is connected across the input nodes and an amplified version of the transmit signal is driven across a load connected to the output nodes, the ATLD comprising:

a first power amplifier comprising a first input coupled to an input node of the line driver, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to the load;

a second power amplifier comprising a first input coupled to the other input node of the line driver, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to the load;

a resistive network configured to provide the feedback signal from the outputs of the first and second power amplifiers to the second inputs of the first and second power amplifiers, respectively; and

a control system to selectively configure the resistive network to facilitate any one of a plurality of feedback configurations to emulate a back-matching impedance.

3. An active termination line driver (ATLD) having a pair of input nodes and a pair of output nodes, wherein a transmit signal is connected across the input nodes and an amplified version of the transmit signal is driven across a load connected to the output nodes, the ATLD comprising:

a first power amplifier comprising a first input coupled to an input node of the line driver, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to the load;

a second power amplifier comprising a first input coupled to the other input node of the line driver, a second input for receiving a feedback signal, and an output configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to the load; and

a resistive network configured to provide the feedback signal from the outputs of the first and second power amplifiers to the second inputs of the first and second power amplifiers, respectively, the resistive network comprising;

a first resistive element coupled between the second inputs of the power amplifiers;

a second resistive element coupled between the output of the first power amplifier and the second input of the first power amplifier;

a third resistive element coupled between the output of the second power amplifier and the second input of the second power amplifier;

a fourth resistive element coupled between the output of the first power amplifier and the first output node;

a fifth resistive element coupled between the output of the second power amplifier and the second output node;

a sixth resistive element having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the output of the first power amplifier;

a seventh resistive element having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the output of the second power amplifier;

an eighth resistive element coupled between the second terminal of the sixth resistive element and the second input of the first power amplifier;

a ninth resistive element coupled between the second terminal of the seventh resistive element and the second input of the second power amplifier;

a tenth resistive element coupled between the first output node and the second terminal of the seventh resistive element; and

an eleventh resistive element coupled between the second output node and the second terminal of the sixth resistive element;

wherein the resistive network is selectively configured to facilitate any one of a plurality of feedback configurations to emulate a back-matching impedance.

4. The line driver of claim 3, wherein the resistance of the sixth resistive element is substantially equal to the sum of the resistances of the fourth resistive element and the tenth resistive element, and further wherein the resistance of the seventh resistive element is substantially equal to the sum of the resistances of the fifth resistive element and the eleventh resistive element.

5. The line driver of claim 4, wherein the resistance of the sixth resistive element is considerably greater than the resistance of the load, and the resistance of the load is considerably greater than the resistance of the fourth resistive element, and further wherein the resistance of the seventh resistive element is considerably greater than the resistance of the load, and the resistance of the load is considerably greater than the resistance of the fifth resistive element, therefore producing a current-sensing negative feedback configuration.

6. The line driver of claim 3, further comprising:

a first switch configured to connect and disconnect the first terminal of the sixth resistive element to the output of the first power amplifier;

a second switch configured to connect and disconnect the first terminal of the seventh resistive element to the output of the second power amplifier;

a third switch configured to bypass, when closed, the eighth resistive element; and

a fourth switch configured to bypass, when closed, the ninth resistive element,

wherein the switches are controlled by a control system.

7. The line driver of claim 6, wherein a voltage-sensing positive feedback configuration is produced when the first and second switches are open and the third and fourth switches are closed.

8. A method for power-efficiently driving a transmit signal to a load, the method comprising the steps of:

selectively configuring a resistive feedback network by means of a control system;

amplifying the transmit signal;

applying the amplified transmit signal to the load;

sensing at least a first electrical property generated by amplifying the transmit signal; and

applying at least the first electrical property to the resistive feedback network to generate a feedback signal responsive to at least the first electrical property such that an output impedance emulates a back-matching resistor.

9. A method for power-efficiently driving a transmit signal to a load, the method comprising the steps of:

selectively configuring a resistive feedback network, wherein the resistive feedback network is configured to facilitate a voltage-sense positive feedback configuration or a current-sense negative feedback configuration;

amplifying the transmit signal;

applying the amplified transmit signal to the load;

sensing at least a first electrical property generated by amplifying the transmit signal; and

applying at least the first electrical property to the resistive feedback network to generate a feedback signal responsive to at least the first electrical property such that an output impedance emulates a back-matching resistor.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein the output voltage is sensed and applied to the feedback network when the resistive network is configured to the voltage-sense positive feedback configuration.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein the output current is sensed and applied to the feedback network when the resistive network is configured to the current-sense negative feedback configuration.

12. An active termination line driver (ATLD) comprising:

a differential amplifier configured to amplify a transmit signal, the differential amplifier, comprising a pair of inputs for receiving the transmit signal and a pair of outputs configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to a load; and

a resistive network configured to provide a feedback signal from the outputs of the differential amplifier to the inputs of the differential amplifier;

the resistive network selectively configured to facilitate a voltage-sense positive feedback configuration or a current-sense negative feedback configuration to emulate a back-matching impedance.

13. The line driver of claim 12, wherein resistive network comprises only passive elements.

14. An active termination line driver (ATLD) comprising:

a differential amplifier configured to amplify a transmit signal, the differential amplifier comprising a pair of inputs for receiving the transmit signal and a pair of outputs configured to provide the amplified transmit signal to a load;

a resistive network configured to provide a feedback signal from the outputs of the differential amplifier to the inputs of the differential amplifier; and

a control system to selectively configure the resistive network to facilitate any one of a plurality of feedback configurations to emulate a back-matching impedance.

15. An active termination line driver (ATLD) comprising:

means for amplifying a transmit signal; and

means for emulating a back-matching resistance using a negative feedback circuit configuration, wherein the negative feedback circuit configuration is comprised of a resistive network,

wherein the resistive network is comprised of only passive elements, including;

a first resistive element coupled between the second inputs of the power amplifiers;

a second resistive element coupled between the output of the first power amplifier and the second input of the first power amplifier;

a third resistive element coupled between the output of the second power amplifier and the second input of the second power amplifier;

a fourth resistive element coupled between the output of the first power amplifier and the first output node;

a fifth resistive element coupled between the output of the second power amplifier and the second output node;

a sixth resistive element having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the output of the first power amplifier;

a seventh resistive element having a first terminal and a second terminal, wherein the first terminal is coupled to the output of the second power amplifier;

an eighth resistive element coupled between the second terminal of the sixth resistive element and the second input of the first power amplifier;

a ninth resistive element coupled between the second terminal of the seventh resistive element and the second input of the second power amplifier;

a tenth resistive element coupled between the first output node and the second terminal of the seventh resistive element; and

an eleventh resistive element coupled between the second output node and the second terminal of the sixth resistive element.

16. The line driver of claim 15, wherein the resistance of the sixth resistive element is substantially equal to the sum of the resistances of the fourth resistive element and the tenth resistive element, and further wherein the resistance of the seventh resistive element is substantially equal to the sum of the resistances of the fifth resistive element and the eleventh resistive element.

17. The line driver of claim 16, wherein the resistance of the sixth resistive element is considerably greater than the resistance of the load, and the resistance of the load is considerably greater than the resistance of the fourth resistive element, and further wherein the resistance of the seventh resistive element is considerably greater than the resistance of the load, and the resistance of the load is considerably greater than the resistance of the fifth resistive element, therefore producing a current-sensing negative feedback configuration.