Amperometric biomimetic enzyme sensors based on modified cyclodextrin as electrocatalysts

• US 6,582,583 B1
• Filed: 11/30/1999
• Issued: 06/24/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 11/30/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: United States Department Of Health And Human Services (Government of the United States of America)
• Original Assignee: United States Department Of Health And Human Services (Government of the United States of America)
• Inventors: Chen, Ellen T.
• Primary Examiner(s): Alexander, Lyle A.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Cole, Monique T.
• Application Number:
  US09/451,141
• Time in Patent Office: 1,302 Days
• Field of Search: 204/418, 204/403.01, 204/415, 205/198, 205/317, 435/817, 435/287.2, 435/287.9, 422/82.03
• US Class Current: 205/317
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 15/00 Nanotechnology for interacting, sensing or actuating, e.g. quantum dots as markers in protein assays or molecular motors
• CPC Class Codes: B82Y 30/00 Nanotechnology for materials or surface science, e.g. nanocomposites
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/001 Enzyme electrodes
• CPC Class Codes: C12Q 1/005 involving specific analytes or enzymes including groups of enzymes, e.g. oxydases; C12Q1/004 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 435/817 Enzyme or microbe electrode
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/734 Fullerenes, i.e. graphene-based structures, such as nanohorns, nanococoons, nanoscrolls or fullerene-like structures, e.g. WS2 or MoS2 chalcogenide nanotubes, planar C3N4, etc.
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/747 Modified with an enzyme
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/849 with scanning probe
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/853 Biological sample

Abstract

The present invention provides a novel biosensor for the detection of chemicals of interest. The novel biosensor of the present invention comprises an electrode having a catalytically active cyclodextrin attached thereto. The present invention will be useful for the detection of materials in a wide variety of samples. In particular, the present invention will permit the detection of nitrophenyl esters.

Claims

1. A sensor comprising:

an electrode; and

a cyclodextrin chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active affixed to said electrode.

2. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises a material selected from the group consisting of glassy carbon, silver and gold.

3. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein the electrode comprises glassy carbon.

4. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein said cyclodextrin comprises at least one imidazole group.

5. A sensor according to claim 1, wherein said cyclodextrin is in the form of a nanotube.

21. The sensor of claim 1, wherein said cyclodextrin is cross-linked with a polymer.

22. The sensor of claim 21, wherein said polymer comprises polyethylene glycol (PEG).

23. The sensor of claim 21, wherein said polymer comprises polyvinylpyridine (PVP).

24. The sensor of claim 21, wherein said cross-linking is through self-assembly.

25. The sensor of claim 1, said sensor being useful over a pH range of from about 6.50 to about 9.87.

26. The sensor of claim 1, said sensor being bioselective for o-nitrophenyl acetate.

27. The sensor of claim 1, having a fast response time to an analyte with a half life for reduction reaction of about two seconds independent of analyte concentration.

28. The sensor of claim 1, said sensor being mediator free.

6. A method of detecting a material in a sample, comprising the steps of:

obtaining a sample which can be detected;

contacting the sample with a sensor, the sensor comprising an electrode having a cyclodextrin chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active attached thereto; and

detecting the material.

7. A method according to claim 6, wherein the material to be detected comprises a phenolic ester.

8. A method according to claim 7, wherein the phenolic ester comprises a nitrophenol.

9. A method according to claim 8, wherein the phenolic ester is nitrophenylacetate.

10. A method according to claim 6, wherein the sample comprises a bodily fluid.

11. A method of detecting the presence or absence of a nitrophenyl ester in a sample, comprising the steps of:

obtaining a sample;

contacting the sample with a biosensor, wherein the biosensor comprises a cyclodextrin chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active and an electrode; and

determining the presence or absence of the nitrophenyl ester in the sample.

12. A method according to claim 11, wherein the sample comprises bodily fluids.

13. A method according to claim 11, wherein the chemically modified cyclodextrin comprises an imidazole moiety.

14. A method of constructing a biosensor, comprising the steps of:

providing an electrode;

contacting the electrode with a solution, wherein the solution comprises a cyclodextrin chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active; and

affixing the electrocatalytically active cyclodextrin to the electrode.

15. A method according to claim 14, wherein the solution comprises PEG.

16. A method according to claim 14, wherein the solution comprises PVP.

17. A method according to claim 14, wherein the electrode is a glassy carbon electrode.

18. A method according to claim 17, wherein the solution comprises PEG.

19. A method according to claim 17, wherein the solution comprises PVP.

20. A method according to claim 17, wherein the solution comprises PEG and PVP.

29. A sensor for detecting a phenyl ester comprising:

an electrode; and

a cyclodextrin chemically modified to be electrocatalytically active.

30. The sensor of claim 29, wherein the phenyl ester to be detected comprises a nitrophenyl ester.

31. The sensor of claim 29, wherein the phenyl ester comprises a nitrophenyl acetate.