Apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control using a rotating fluidized bed reactor

• US 6,582,666 B2
• Filed: 02/01/2001
• Issued: 06/24/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 04/10/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Ali Tabatabaie-Raissi, Eric Martin, Nazim Z. Muradov
• Original Assignee: Ali Tabatabaie-Raissi, Eric Martin, Nazim Z. Muradov
• Inventors: Martin, Eric, Tabatabaie-Raissi, Ali, Muradov, Nazim Z.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Nam
• Assistant Examiner(s): Nicolas, Wesley A.
• Application Number:
  US09/775,099
• Publication Number:
  US 20030085111A1
• Time in Patent Office: 873 Days
• Field of Search: 422/186, 422/186.3, 422/209, 210/748, 210/763, 423/213.7
• US Class Current: 422/186
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2255/802 Photocatalytic
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/885 Devices in general for catalytic purification of waste gases
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/123 Ultraviolet light
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 19/28 Moving reactors, e.g. rotary drums B01J19/08 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 21/06 Silicon, titanium, zirconium or hafnium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 21/063 Titanium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00015 Scale-up
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/00191 Control algorithm
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0877 Liquid
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0879 Solid
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/0892 involving catalytically active material
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 2219/1946 conical
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/30 characterised by their physical properties
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/39 Photocatalytic properties
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 35/58 Fabrics or filaments
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 8/10 moved by stirrers or by rotary drums or rotary receptacles or endless belts
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/02 by heating methods of steam generation F22B; preheating boiler feed-water or accumulating preheated boiler feed-water F22D
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/325 Irradiation devices or lamp constructions
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/38 by centrifugal separation
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 1/725 by catalytic oxidation
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2201/3223 : Single elongated lamp located on the central axis of a turbular reactor
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2201/328 : Having flow diverters (baffles)
• CPC Class Codes: C02F 2305/10 : Photocatalysts
• CPC Class Codes: Y02W 10/37 : using solar energy

Abstract

An apparatus based on optimizing photoprocess energetics by decoupling of the process energy efficiency from the DRE for target contaminants. The technique is applicable to both low- and high-flux photoreactor design and scale-up. An apparatus for high-flux photocatalytic pollution control is based on the implementation of multifunctional metal oxide aerogels and other media in conjunction with a novel rotating fluidized particle bed reactor.

Claims

1. An apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control comprising:

means for producing a target pollutant having a varying flow rate;

a longitudinal light source with a high flux lamp having a first end and a last end;

a first stage photocatalytic reactor having a first length about the first end of the light source, the first stage photocatalytic reactor containing loosely positioned photocatalytic media therein; and

means for rotating the first stage reactor for form a fluidized bed and for converting a first portion of the varying flow rate target pollutant to a pre-determined level of destruction and removal efficiency (DRE) by passing the varying flow rate target pollutant through the rotating first stage photocatalytic reactor.

2. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 1, further comprising:

a last stage photocatalytic reactor having a last length about the last end of the light source for converting a last portion of the varying flow rate target pollutant passing through the last stage photocatalytic reactor to a selected final DRE level.

3. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 2, wherein the first stage reactor and the last stage reactor each comprise:

an identical catalytic material.

4. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 2, wherein the first stage reactor and the last stage reactor each comprise:

a different catalytic material.

5. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 3, wherein the photocatalytic material includes:

an elemental composition of Silicon, Oxygen, and Titanium.

6. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 5, wherein the composition includes:

approximately 0% to approximately 50% by weight Silicon;

approximately 25% to approximately 75% by weight Oxygen; and

approximately 5% to approximately 75% by weight Titanium.

7. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 6, wherein the composition includes:

approximately 0% to approximately 35% by weight Silicon;

approximately 30% to approximately 60% by weight Oxygen; and

approximately 10% to approximately 60% by weight Titanium.

8. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 3, wherein the photocatalytic material includes:

an elemental composition of Silicon, Oxygen, Cadmium and Sulfur.

9. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 8, wherein the composition includes:

approximately 25% to approximately 55% by weight Silicon;

approximately 30% to approximately 60% by weight Oxygen;

approximately 5% to approximately 35% by weight Cadmium; and

approximately 1% to approximately 10% by weight Sulfur.

10. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 2, wherein the first photocatalytic reactor and the last photocatalytic reactor each include:

a catalytic media having an operating temperature of at least approximately 150°

C.

11. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 2, wherein the first photocatalytic reactor and the last photocatalytic reactor each include:

a catalytic media at least partially translucent to UV light, wherein high flux pollution control is achieved without any rotation of the first photocatalytic reactor and the last photocatalytic reactor.

12. The apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control of claim 2, further comprising:

a second stage photocatalytic reactor between the first stage photocatalytic reactor and the last stage photocatalytic reactor.

13. An apparatus for high flux photocatalytic pollution control comprising:

a light source;

a reactor about the light source;

photocatalytic media loosely positioned with the reactor;

means for rotating the reactor for form a fluidized bed; and

means for passing a target pollutant having a varying flow rate through the rotating reactor for converting the varying flow rate target pollutant to a pre-determined level of destruction and removal efficiency (DRE).

14. The apparatus of claim 13, wherein the light source includes:

a high flux lamp.

15. A high flux photocatalytic pollution control system comprising:

a high flux reactor containing loosely positioned photocatalytic media;

means for centrifugally forcing the loosely positioned photocatalytic media to form a fluidized bed in the photocatalytic reactor; and

means for passing a varying flow rate target pollutant into the fluidized bed and photocatalytically converting the varying flow rate target pollutant to a selected level of destruction and removal efficiency(DRE).

16. The high flux photocatalytic pollution control system of claim 15, wherein the high flux reactor includes:

a high flux lamp.

17. The high flux photocatalytic pollution control system of claim 16, wherein the centrifugal forcing means includes:

means for rotating the fluidized bed about the high flux lamp.