Fragile watermarking for objects

• US 6,587,944 B2
• Filed: 06/29/1998
• Issued: 07/01/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/29/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Yeo, Boon-Lock, Yeung, Minerva M.
• Primary Examiner(s): Barron, Gilberto
• Assistant Examiner(s): Meislahn, Douglas J
• Application Number:
  US09/106,786
• Publication Number:
  US 20010020270A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,828 Days
• Field of Search: 713/176, 382/100, 382/232
• US Class Current: 713/176
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0042 Fragile watermarking, e.g. so as to detect tampering
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0083 whereby only watermarked image required at decoder, e.g. source-based, blind, oblivious
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32144 embedded in the image data, i.e. enclosed or integrated in the image, e.g. watermark, super-imposed logo or stamp
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 1/32331 Fragile embedding or watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/3233 of authentication information, e.g. digital signature, watermark
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 2201/327 which are undetectable to the naked eye, e.g. embedded codes

Abstract

Fragile watermarking for objects is disclosed. In one embodiment of the invention, a system includes an encoder and a decoder. The encoder encodes a watermark into a object, such as a three-dimensional object, in a fragile manner, utilizing a key. The decoder decodes the watermark from the object in which the watermark is encoded in a pubic manner, also utilizing a key. Visualization techniques for detecting alterations using fragile watermarking are also disclosed.

Claims

1. A system comprising:

an encoder to encode in a fragile manner a fragile watermark into a three-dimensional object utilizing a key, wherein the three-dimensional object is defined as including a set of three-dimensional points with connectivity properties, and wherein the fragile watermark as to a location index for the set of three-dimensional points is substantially equal to the key as to a value index for the set of three-dimensional points, wherein the location index is generated by combining three-dimensional coordinates into a three-tuple, converting the three-tuple into integers, and combining the integers; and

,

a decoder to decode in a public manner the watermark from the three-dimensional object in which the watermark is encoded utilizing the key.

2. The system of claim 1, further comprising a data generator to create the three-dimensional object.

3. The system of claim 1, wherein the three-dimensional object is in Virtual Reality Markup Language (VRML) format.

4. The system of claim 1, wherein the encoder is to encode the watermark into the three-dimensional object by perturbing the set of the three-dimensional points.

5. The system of claim 1, wherein the decoder is to decode the watermark from the three-dimensional object in which the watermark is encoded by generating a location index for the set of three-dimensional points and a value index for the set of three-dimensional points.

6. The system of claim 1, further comprising a verification mechanism to verify the watermark as decoded by the decoder.

7. The system of claim 6, wherein the verification mechanism is to determine whether the watermark as decoded by the decoder as to a location index for the set of three-dimensional points is substantially equal to the key as to a value index for the set of three-dimensional points.

8. The system of claim 1, wherein the watermark is derived from a two-dimensional image.

9. The system of claim 8, further comprising a verification mechanism to verify the watermark as decoded by the decoder.

10. The system of claim 9, wherein the verification mechanism is to display on a display the watermark as decoded by the decoder for visual inspection by a user.

11. The system of claim 10, wherein the verification mechanism is to display where the object has been modified in the case where the watermark as decoded by the decoder does not match the watermark as encoded by the encoder.

12. A computer-readable storage medium having an encoder program stored thereon for execution on a computer, the encoder program having the capability to encode in a fragile manner a fragile watermark into a three-dimensional object utilizing a key, wherein the three-dimensional object comprises a set of three-dimensional points, wherein the encoder program is to perturb the set of three-dimensional points, and wherein the watermark as to a location index for the set of three-dimensional points is substantially equal to the key as to a value index for the set of three-dimensional points, wherein the location index is generated by combining three-dimensional coordinates into a three-tuple, converting the three-tuple into integers, and combining the integers.

13. A computer-readable storage medium of claim 12 further comprising a decoder program stored thereon for execution on a computer, the decoder program having the capability to decode in a public manner the fragile watermark.

14. The computer-readable storage medium of claim 13, wherein the three-dimensional object is defined as including a set of three-dimensional points, and wherein the decoder program is to generate a location index for the set of three-dimensional points and a value index for the set of three-dimensional points.

15. A method comprising:

creating a three-dimensional object, wherein the three-dimensional object is defined as including a set of three-dimensional points; and

,

encoding in a fragile manner a watermark into the three-dimensional object utilizing a key, and wherein encoding the watermark into the three-dimensional object further comprises perturbing the set of three-dimensional points, wherein the watermark as to a location index for the set of three-dimensional points is substantially equal to the key as to a value index for the set of three-dimensional points, wherein the location index is generated by combining three-dimensional coordinates into a three-tuple, converting the three-tuple into integers, and combining the integers.

16. The method of claim 15, further comprising decoding in a public manner the watermark from the three-dimensional object in which the watermark is encoded utilizing the key.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein decoding the watermark comprises generating a location index for the set of three-dimensional points and a value index for the set of three-dimensional points.

18. The method of claim 16, further comprising verifying the watermark as decoded from the object in which the watermark is encoded.

19. The method of claim 18, wherein verifying the watermark comprises determining whether the watermark as decoded as to a location index for the set of three-dimensional points is substantially equal to the key as to a value index for the set of three-dimensional points.

20. The method of claim 18, wherein the watermark comprises a two-dimensional image, and wherein verifying the watermark comprises visualizing detected alterations made to the object in which the watermark is encoded.

21. A computer comprising:

a processor;

a computer-readable medium; and

,

an encoder program executed by the processor from the medium, the encoder program to encode in a fragile manner a fragile watermark into a three-dimensional object utilizing a key, wherein the three-dimensional object is defined as including a set of three-dimensional points and wherein the encoder program is to perturb the set of three-dimensional points, wherein the watermark sa to a location index for the set of three-dimensional points is substantially equal to the key as to a value index for the set of three-dimensional points, wherein the location index is generated by combining three-dimensional coordinates into a three-tuple, convreting the three-tuple into integers, and combining the integers.

22. A computer comprising:

a processor;

a computer-readable medium; and

,

a decoder program executed by the processor from the medium, the decoder program to decode in a public manner a fragile watermark from a three-dimensional object in which the watermark is fragilely encoded utilizing a key, wherein the three-dimensional object is defined as including a set of three-dimensional points, and wherein the decoder program is to generate a location index for the set of three-dimensional points and a value index for the set of three-dimensional points, wherein the location index and the value index are substantially equal, wherein the location index is generated by combining three-dimensional coordinates into a three-tuple, converting the three-tuple into integers, and combining the integers.