Copy-protected optical media and method of manufacture thereof

• US 6,589,626 B2
• Filed: 03/29/2001
• Issued: 07/08/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/30/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Verification Technologies, Inc. (Sun Chemical, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Verification Technologies, Inc. (Sun Chemical, Inc.)
• Inventors: Drew, Jeffrey M., Vig, Rakesh, Selinfreund, Richard H.
• Primary Examiner(s): MULVANEY, ELIZABETH EVANS
• Application Number:
  US09/821,577
• Publication Number:
  US 20020031631A1
• Time in Patent Office: 831 Days
• Field of Search: 428/64.1, 428/64.4, 428/64.8, 428/457, 428/913, 430/270.12, 430/495.1, 430/945, 369/275.1, 369/283, 369/288
• US Class Current: 428/64.1
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 19/04 Arrangements for preventing, inhibiting, or warning against double recording on the same blank or against other recording or reproducing malfunctions
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 19/12 by sensing distinguishing features of or on records, e.g. diameter end mark
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00086 Circuits for prevention of unauthorised reproduction or copying, e.g. piracy indicating unauthorised use of record carriers in general G11B23/28; scrambling for television signal recording H04N5/913; network architectures or network protocols for network security H04L63/00; cryptographic mechanisms or cryptographic arrangements for secret or secure communication H04L9/00
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00586 said format change concerning the physical format of the recording medium
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00608 wherein the material that the record carrier is made of is altered, e.g. adding reactive dyes that alter the optical properties of a disc after prolonged exposure to light or air
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00768 wherein copy control information is used, e.g. for indicating whether a content may be copied freely, no more, once, or never, by setting CGMS, SCMS, or CCI flags
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00876 wherein physical copy protection means are attached to the medium, e.g. holograms, sensors, or additional semiconductor circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 20/00927 wherein said defects or errors are generated on purpose, e.g. intended scratches
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2007/24304 group 2 or 12 elements (e.g. Be, Ca, Mg, Zn, Cd)
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 2007/24324 Sulfur
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 23/281 by changing the physical properties of the record carrier
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/24 Record carriers characterised by shape, structure or physical properties, or by the selection of the material characterised by the arrangement of information on the carrier G11B7/007
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/243 comprising inorganic materials only, e.g. ablative layers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2433 Metals or elements of Groups 13, 14, 15 or 16 of the Periodic Table, e.g. B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Bi, Se or Te
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2472 cyanine
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/252 of layers other than recording layers
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2534 polycarbonates [PC]
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2542 consisting essentially of organic resins
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/2585 based on aluminium
• CPC Class Codes: G11B 7/26 Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture of record carriers
• CPC Class Codes: Y10T 428/21 : Circular sheet or circular blank

Abstract

A method for fabricating read-only copy protected optical medium comprising a light-sensitive material at positions capable of altering the data read during copying of the optical medium but permitting read of the underlying data in the reading of the optical medium.

Claims

1. An optical medium comprising:

a first substrate layer having a first major surface and a second major surface, said first major surface of said first substrate layer having light-changeable material thereon;

a second substrate layer having a first major surface and a second major surface, said first major surface of said second substrate layer having information pits thereon, and said second major surface being disposed along said first major surface of said first substrate layer;

a metal reflector layer, said metal reflector layer being disposed along said first major surface of said second substrate layer;

a first overcoat layer being disposed along said metal reflector layer; and

optionally a second overcoat layer being disposed along said second major surface of said first substrate layer;

wherein said light-changeable material is a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state.

4. The medium of claim 1, wherein the light-changeable material is a light-absorptive material.

5. The medium of claim 1, wherein the light-changeable material is a light-sensitive material.

6. The medium of claim 1, wherein the light-changeable material is capable of light emission.

7. The medium of claim 1, wherein the light-changeable material is capable of luminescence.

8. The medium of claim 1 wherein the light-changeable material is capable of phosphorescence.

2. A multi-layer optical medium comprising:

a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, said first major surface having information pits and lands thereon;

a polymeric film positioned over said first major surface, said polymeric film comprising light-changeable material positioned over one or more of said information pits and lands;

wherein said light-changeable material is a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state.

3. The medium of claim 2, wherein the light-changeable material is a light-emissive material.

9. A method for fabricating an optical medium readable by an optical reader, said method comprising the steps of:

obtaining a substrate so as to have a first major surface with optical data structure thereon and a second major surface that is relatively planar;

placing light-changeable material on or within said second major surface over a portion, but not all, of said optical data structure;

sealing said second major surface having said light-changeable material with a protective material;

wherein said light-changeable material is a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein said substrate comprises polycarbonate.

11. The method of claim 9 wherein the light-changeable material is an organic material.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the light-changeable material is an inorganic material.

13. The method of claim 11 wherein the organic light-changeable material is capable of light emission.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the organic light-changeable material comprises a cyanine compound.

15. The method of claim 13 wherein the organic light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength between about 770 nm to about 830 nm.

16. The method of claim 13 wherein the organic light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting at a wavelength between about 630 nm to about 650 nm.

17. The method of claim 12 wherein the inorganic light-changeable material is capable of light emission.

18. The method of claim 17 wherein the inorganic light-emissive light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength between about 770 nm to about 830 nm.

19. The method of claim 17 wherein the inorganic light-emissive light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength between about 630 nm to about 650 nm.

20. The method of claim 12 wherein the inorganic light-changeable material is a material capable of undergoing a phase change from an amorphous state to a crystalline state by absorption of energy from one or more wavelengths of light.

21. The method of claim 20 wherein the inorganic phase-change light-changeable material is selected from the group consisting of:

GeSbTe, InSbTe, InSe, AsTeGe, TeO_x—

GeSn, TeSeSn, SbSeBi, BiSeGe and AgInSbTe.

22. The method of claim 9 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit a wavelength length of about 530 nm.

23. The method of claim 9 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit a wavelength in the range of about 400 nm to about 900 nm.

24. The method of claim 9 wherein the light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting at a wavelength about 780 nm and a light source emitting light at a wavelength about 530 nm.

25. The method of claim 9 wherein the light-changeable material is on said second major surface of said substrate at distinct loci.

26. The method of claim 9 wherein the light-changeable material is diffusively placed on said second major surface of said substrate by spin coating.

27. The method of claim 9 further comprising the steps of:

metalizing said first major surface;

sealing said metalized first major surface so as to protect said metal from the ambient environment.

74. The method of claim 9 wherein said light-changeable material is positioned with respect to the optical data structure such that when the light-changeable material is in its first optical state, the bit read of said optical medium by said optical reader is true to the optical data structure, while when said light-changeable material is its second optical state, the data bit read varies by one or more bits from that true to the optical data structure.

75. The method of claim 9 wherein said light-changeable material of said first major surface of said first substrate layer is positioned with respect to the optical data structure of said first major surface of said second substrate layer such that when the light-changeable material is in its first optical state, the bit read of said first major surface of said second substrate layer is true to the optical data structure, while when said light-changeable material is its second optical state, the data bit read of said first major surface of said second substrate layer varies by one or more bits from that true to the optical data structure.

28. A method for fabricating an optical medium, said method comprising the steps of:

obtaining a first substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface;

placing light-changeable material on or within one or both major surfaces of said first substrate;

obtaining a second substrate having a first and a second major surface, said first major surface having information pits thereon;

affixing said first substrate having said light-changeable material to said first or second major surface of said second substrate;

wherein said light-changeable material is a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state.

29. The method of claim 28 wherein said first substrate comprises polycarbonate.

30. The method of claim 28 wherein said second substrate comprises polycarbonate.

31. The method of claim 28 wherein said first substrate comprises a polymeric film.

32. The method of claim 28 wherein the light-changeable material is a light-emissive compound.

33. The method of claim 28 wherein the light-changeable material comprises an inorganic or organic compound.

34. The method of claim 33 wherein the light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength between about 770 nm to about 830 nm.

35. The method of claim 33 wherein the light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting at a wavelength between about 630 nm to about 650 nm.

36. The method of claim 33 wherein the light-changeable material is an inorganic material capable of undergoing a phase change from an amorphous state to a crystalline state by absorption of energy from one or more wavelengths of light.

37. The method of claim 36 wherein the inorganic phase-change light-changeable material is selected from the group consisting of:

GeSbTe, InSbTe, InSe, AsTeGe, TeO_x—

GeSn, TeSeSn, SbSeBi, BiSeGe and AgInSbTe.

38. The method of claim 33 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit at 780 nm.

39. The method of claim 33 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit at 530 nm.

40. The method of claim 33 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit a wavelength in the range of about 400 nm to about 900 nm.

41. The method of claim 33 wherein the light-changeable material excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength about 780 nm and a light source emitting at a wavelength about 530 nm.

42. The method of claim 28 wherein the light-changeable material is placed at distinct loci.

43. The method of claim 28 wherein the light-changeable material is diffusively applied by spin coating.

44. A method for fabricating an optical medium, said method comprising:

obtaining a substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, said first major surface having information pits and lands thereon;

placing a light-changeable material in or on one or more, but less than all, of said information pits or lands;

metalizing said first major surface of said substrate having information pit thereon;

disposing an overcoat layer along said metalized surface;

wherein said light-changeable material is a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state.

45. The method of claim 44 wherein the light-changeable material is an organic material.

46. The method of claim 44 wherein the light-changeable material is an inorganic material.

47. The method of claim 45 wherein the organic light-changeable material is capable of light-emission.

48. The method of claim 47 wherein the organic light-changeable material comprises a cyanine compound.

49. The method of claim 47 wherein the organic light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength between about 770 nm to about 830 nm.

50. The method of claim 47 wherein the organic light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting at a wavelength between about 630 nm to about 650 nm.

51. The method of claim 46 wherein the inorganic light-changeable material is capable of light emission.

52. The method of claim 51 wherein the inorganic light-emissive light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength between about 770 nm to about 830 nm.

53. The method of claim 51 wherein the inorganic light-emissive light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength between about 630 nm to about 650 nm.

54. The method of claim 46 wherein the inorganic light-changeable material is a material capable of undergoing a phase change from an amorphous state to a crystalline state by absorption of energy from one or more wavelengths of light.

55. The method of claim 53 wherein the inorganic phase-change light-changeable material is selected from the group consisting of:

GeSbTe, InSbTe, InSe, AsTeGe, TeO_x—

GeSn, TeSeSn, SbSeBi, BiSeGe and AgInSbTe.

56. The method of claim 44 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit a wavelength length of about 530 nm.

57. The method of claim 44 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit a wavelength in the range of about 400 nm to about 900 nm.

58. The method of claim 44 wherein the light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting at a wavelength about 780 nm and a light source emitting light at a wavelength about 530 nm.

59. The method of claim 44 wherein the light-changeable material is on said second major surface of said substrate at distinct loci.

60. The method of claim 44 wherein the light-changeable material is diffusively placed on said second major surface of said substrate by spin coating.

61. A method for fabricating an optical medium, said method comprising the steps of:

obtaining a first substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, said first or second major surface, or both, having a detectable registration mark;

imprinting in select areas said first major surface of said first substrate layer with light-changeable material;

obtaining a second substrate having a first major surface and a second major surface, said first major surface of said second substrate layer having information pits thereon and either of said first or second major surface, or both, having a detectable registration mark;

affixing said second major surface of said second substrate along said first major surface of said first substrate so as said detectable registration marks overlap each other;

metalizing said first major surface of said second substrate layer having said information pits;

disposing a first overcoat layer along said metalized surface; and

optionally disposing a second overcoat layer along said second major surface of said first substrate layer;

wherein said light-changeable material is a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state.

62. The method of claim 61 wherein said first substrate comprises polycarbonate.

63. The method of claim 61 wherein said second substrate comprises polycarbonate.

64. The method of claim 61 wherein the light-changeable material is a light-emissive compound.

65. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material comprises a cyanine compound.

66. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength between about 770 nm to about 830 nm.

67. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material is excitable by a light source emitting at a wavelength between about 630 nm to about 650 nm.

68. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit at 780 nm.

69. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit at 530 nm.

70. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material is adapted to emit a wavelength in the range of about 400 nm to about 900 nm.

71. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material excitable by a light source emitting light at a wavelength about 780 nm and a light source emitting at a wavelength about 530 nm.

72. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material is placed at distinct loci.

73. The method of claim 64 wherein the light-changeable material is diffusively applied by spin coating.

76. A method for authenticating an optical storage medium having a light-changeable material comprising a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state, said optical storage medium having an optical data structure representative of a series of bits, the method comprising:

(a) reading the optical storage medium at a locus to obtain data true to the series of bits represented by the optical data structure at such locus, said optical data structure at said locus conforming to applicable specifications for the optical storage medium;

(b) re-reading the optical storage medium at the locus to determine if the data obtained varies by one or more bits in the series of bits represented by the optical data structure at such locus; and

(c) authenticating the optical storage medium if the data obtained in step (b) differs from the data obtained in step (a).

77. A method for authenticating an optical storage medium having a light-changeable material comprising a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state, said optical storage medium having an optical data structure representative of a series of bits, the method comprising:

(a) reading the optical storage medium at a locus to obtain unambiguous data true to the series of bits represented by the optical data structure at such locus;

(b) re-reading the optical storage medium at the locus to determine if the data obtained varies by one or more bits in the series of bits represented by the optical data structure at such locus; and

(c) authenticating the optical storage medium if the data obtained in step (b) differs from the data obtained in step (a).

78. A method for dissuading the illicit copying of data stored on an optical data storage medium in an optical data structure, said method comprising the steps of:

introducing into or on said optical data storage medium a material capable of altering the data read of said optical data structure between a first data state represented by said optical data structure and a second data state not true to said optical data structure;

incorporating into the data stored on said optical data storage medium a program instruction set for detecting said first data state and said second data state and for effectuating read of said data stored on said optical data storage medium when said optical data storage medium displays said first data state and said second data state upon data read of said optical data storage medium.

79. The method of claim 78 wherein said material comprises a light-sensitive compound.

80. A method for dissuading the illicit copying of data stored on an optical data storage medium comprising a series of optical deformations representative of data, said method comprising the steps of:

introducing one or more physical changes into or on said optical data storage medium at selected positions on or within said optical data storage medium, wherein selected positions are mapped with respect to said optical deformations, and wherein said physical changes do not alter the physical structure of said optical deformations;

incorporating into the data stored on said optical data storage medium a program instruction set for detecting said physical changes in said optical data storage medium at said mapped positions and for effectuating read of said data stored on said optical data storage medium when said physical changes are determined to be present at said select positions on or within said optical data storage medium.

81. The method of clainm 80 wherein said physical change comprises a light-sensitive compound placed on or in said optical data storage medium.

82. A data storage medium readable with a reader, the data storage medium comprising:

a substrate;

optical data structure on the substrate, the optical data structure representative of a plurality of data bits; and

a material capable of existing in at least a first optical state and a second optical state, the first optical state being convertible to the second optical state upon exposure to an input signal, and the second optical state being spontaneously convertible after a period of time to the first optical state;

wherein the material is positioned at one or more discrete loci along the data storage medium in respect of the optical structure, such that when the data storage medium is first read at a locus, and the material is in its first optical state, the bit data read is true to the optical data structure at such locus, while when the data storage medium is re-read at the locus, and the material is in its second optical state, the data bit read varies by one or more bits from that true to the optical data structure at the locus.