Toner and developer compositions

• US 6,593,049 B1
• Filed: 03/26/2001
• Issued: 07/15/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/26/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Original Assignee: Xerox Corporation (Xerox Holdings Corp.)
• Inventors: Stegamat, Reza, Sacripante, Guerino G., Veregin, Richard P. N., Carlini, Rina
• Primary Examiner(s): Chapman, Mark A.
• Application Number:
  US09/817,737
• Time in Patent Office: 841 Days
• Field of Search: 430/108.1, 430/108.11
• US Class Current: 430/108.1
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/08782 Waxes
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/0904 Carbon black
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/09708 Inorganic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/09725 Silicon-oxides; Silicates
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/09783 Organo-metallic compounds
• CPC Class Codes: G03G 9/09791 Metallic soaps of higher carboxylic acids

Abstract

A toner comprised of resin and a charge additive comprised of a complex of a hard acid and a hard base.

Claims

1. A toner comprised of colorant resin and a charge additive comprised of a complex of a hard acid and a hard base and wherein said charge additive is selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, aluminum acetate, aluminum carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc sulfate, zinc carbonate, zinc nitrate, titanium sulfate, titanium acetate, chromium (III) acetate, chromium (III) sulfate, chromium (III) carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, cerium carbonate, cerium phosphate, cerium sulfate, cerium nitrate, cobalt carbonate, cobalt phosphate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, tin carbonate, tin phosphate, tin sulfate, tin nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium sulfate.

2. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said charge additive is present as an internal toner component.

3. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge additive is Zn(CH₃CO₂)₂, Al(CH₃CO₂)₃, Al₂(CO₃)₃, AlPO₄, ZnSO₄, ZnCO₃, Zn(NO₃)₂, Ti(SO₄)₂ Ti(CH₃CO₂)₄, Cr(CH₃CO₂)₃, Cr₂(SO₄)₃, or Cr(CH₃CO₂)₃.

4. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said charge additive is zinc acetate dihydrate.

5. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein said charge additive is chromium acetate.

6. A toner in accordance with claim 1 further containing a second charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of distearyl methyl hydrogen ammonium bisulfate, didodecyl methyl ammonium hydrogen bisulfate, dihexadecyl methyl ammonium hydrogen bisulfate, distearyl ethyl ammonium hydrogen bisulfate, and bis-(distearyl methyl hydrogen ammonium) sulfate, wherein the first charge additive is optionally present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 5 weight percent of said toner components and the second charge additive is optionally present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 5 weight percent of said toner components.

7. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the charge additive is present in an amount of from about 0.05 to about 5 weight percent of said toner components, and wherein the total of said toner components, including the charge additive, are present in an amount of about 100 percent.

8. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin is comprised of styrene polymers, polyesters, or mixtures thereof.

9. A toner in accordance with claim 1 wherein the resin is comprised of styrene acrylates, styrene methacrylates, or styrene butadienes.

10. A toner in accordance with claim 1 containing a wax component with an optional weight average molecular weight of from about 1,000 to about 10,000.

11. A toner in accordance with claim 1 containing as external surface additives metal salts of a fatty acid, colloidal silicas, metal oxides, or mixtures thereof.

12. A developer comprised of the toner composition of claim 1 and carrier.

13. A method of imaging which comprises formulating an electrostatic latent image on an imaging member, affecting development thereof with the toner of claim 1, and optionally thereafter transferring the developed image to a suitable substrate.

17. A developer composition comprised of the toner composition of claim 2 and carrier particles.

18. A developer composition in accordance with claim 17 wherein the carrier core particles are comprised of ferrites, steel, or an iron powder.

19. A developer composition in accordance with claim 17 wherein the carrier particles are comprised of a core with a polymer coating thereover.

20. A developer composition in accordance with claim 19 wherein the coating is comprised of a methyl terpolymer, a polyvinylidine fluoride, a polymethyl methacrylate, or a mixture of polymers not in close proximity in the triboelectric series.

14. A toner composition comprised of resin, colorant, a charge enhancing additive selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, aluminum acetate, aluminum carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc sulfate, zinc carbonate, zinc nitrate, titanium sulfate, titanium acetate, chromium (III) acetate, chromium (III) sulfate, chromium (III) carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, cerium carbonate, cerium phosphate, cerium sulfate, cerium nitrate, cobalt carbonate, cobalt phosphate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, tin carbonate, tin phosphate, tin sulfate, tin nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium sulfate;

a wax selected from the group consisting of polypropylene, polyethylene, and mixtures thereof; and

present on the toner surface thereof external flow aid additives.

15. A toner composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein said colorant is carbon black, magnetite, or mixtures thereof;

cyan, magenta, yellow, red, blue, green, brown, or mixtures thereof.

16. A toner composition in accordance with claim 14 wherein the colorant is carbon black.

21. A single component toner composition comprised of resin, magnetite, and a charge enhancing additive comprised of a complex of a hard acid and a hard base wherein said charge enhancing additive is present as an internal component, and wherein said charge additive is selected from the group consisting of zinc acetate, aluminum acetate, aluminum carbonate, aluminum phosphate, zinc sulfate, zinc carbonate, zinc nitrate, titanium sulfate, titanium acetate, chromium (III) acetate, chromium (III) sulfate, chromium (III) carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium phosphate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium nitrate, cerium carbonate, cerium phosphate, cerium sulfate, cerium nitrate, cobalt carbonate, cobalt phosphate, cobalt sulfate, cobalt nitrate, tin carbonate, tin phosphate, tin sulfate, tin nitrate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium carbonate, and ammonium sulfate.

22. A toner composition comprised of resin, colorant, and a charge enhancing additive that primarily functions to assist in increasing the charge on said toner, and wherein said charge enhancing additive is a zinc acetate dihydrate, and which toner optionally further includes a wax, a second charging enhancing additive and as a surface additive a silica, a metal salt of a fatty acid or a metal salt.