Dielectric leaky wave antenna having mono-layer structure

• US 6,597,323 B2
• Filed: 10/22/2001
• Issued: 07/22/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/03/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Anritsu Corporation
• Original Assignee: Anritsu Corporation
• Inventors: Yamamoto, Aya, Hidai, Takashi, Kawahara, Yuki, Teshirogi, Tasuku
• Primary Examiner(s): Ho, Tan
• Application Number:
  US10/009,396
• Publication Number:
  US 20030098815A1
• Time in Patent Office: 638 Days
• Field of Search: 343/769, 343/770, 343/785, 343/786, 343/771, 343/772, 343/775, 343/780
• US Class Current: 343/786
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 13/20 Non-resonant leaky-waveguide or transmission-line antennas; Equivalent structures causing radiation along the transmission path of a guided wave
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 13/26 Surface waveguide constituted by a single conductor, e.g. strip conductor
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 13/28 comprising elements constituting electric discontinuities and spaced in direction of wave propagation, e.g. dielectric elements or conductive elements forming artificial dielectric
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/064 using horn or slot aerials slotted waveguides arrays H01Q21/005
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 21/068 using parallel coplanar travelling wave or leaky wave aerial units H01Q21/065 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 25/00 Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern H01Q3/00
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 3/24 varying the orientation by switching energy from one active radiating element to another, e.g. for beam switching

Abstract

The present invention provides a dielectric leaky-wave antenna having a single-layer structure which is effective for realizing a highly efficient low-cost antenna in a quasi-millimeter wave zone in particular. This dielectric leaky-wave antenna includes a ground plane, a dielectric slab which is laid on one surface of the ground plane and forms a transmission guide for transmitting an electromagnetic wave from one end side to the other end side between itself and the ground plane along the surface, perturbations which are loaded on the surface of the dielectric slab along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of the transmission guide at predetermined intervals and leak the electromagnetic wave from the surface of the dielectric slab, and a feed which supplies the electromagnetic wave to one end side of the transmission guide.

Claims

1. A dielectric leaky-wave antenna comprising:

a ground plane;

a dielectric slab on one surface of said ground plane, which forms a transmission guide for transmitting an electromagnetic wave from one end side to another end side along a surface of said dielectric slab;

perturbations on the surface of said dielectric slab along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide at predetermined intervals which leak the electromagnetic wave from the surface of said dielectric slab; and

a feed which supplies the electromagnetic wave to one end side of said transmission guide,

wherein each of said perturbations comprise a metallic strip or a slot which has an angle of 45 degrees relative to the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide.

2. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein said perturbations are constituted by a pair of metallic strips or a pair of slots which form an angle of 90 degrees and each of which has an angle of 45 degrees relative to the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide.

3. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 2, wherein an interval between said metallic strips forming a pair or an interval between said slots is set to approximately ¼

or ½

of a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in said transmission guide.

4. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein said feed is constituted so as to radiate a cylindrical wave, and a wave-front conversion section for converting the cylindrical wave radiated from said feed into a plane wave and leading it to said transmission guide is provided on one end side of said dielectric slab.

5. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 4, wherein said wave-front conversion section has a reflecting wall for converting the cylindrical wave into the plane wave, one half portion of said reflecting wall is arranged so as to be directed to one end side of said dielectric slab, and said feed is arranged with its radiation aperture directed so as to radiate the electromagnetic wave to the other half portion of said reflecting wall of said wave-front conversion section on the opposite side to said dielectric slab with said ground plane between said feed and said dielectric slab.

6. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 5, wherein a matching section for attaining matching between said wave-front conversion section and said transmission guide of said dielectric slab is provided on one end side of said dielectric slab.

7. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 6, wherein said wave-front conversion section is formed so as to transmit the electromagnetic wave reflected by said reflecting wall to one end side of said dielectric slab along said ground plane and radiate the electromagnetic wave from an aperture portion formed so as to surround an edge portion on one end side of said dielectric slab, and a matching section which protrudes toward said ground plane side is provided to said aperture portion of said wave-front conversion section in such a manner that a gap between itself and the surface of said dielectric slab gradually or continuously becomes small toward said dielectric slab side in order to attain matching between said wave-front conversion section and said transmission guide of said dielectric slab.

8. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 6, wherein said matching section is formed into a tapered shape so that its thickness is reduced toward an input side of the electromagnetic wave.

9. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 6, wherein said matching section is constituted by a dielectric having a dielectric constant different from that of said dielectric slab.

10. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 4, wherein said feed has a plurality of radiators having different phase center positions, and wherein said wave-front conversion section converts the cylindrical wave radiated from each of said radiators into a plane wave whose wave front is inclined at an angle corresponding to the phase center position of that radiator and supplies it to said transmission guide.

11. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 4, wherein said wave-front conversion section is formed by extending said dielectric slab to said feed side.

12. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 11, wherein said feed is formed so as to transmit the electromagnetic wave inputted from one end side to one end side of said dielectric slab along said ground plane and radiate the electromagnetic wave from an aperture portion on the other end side formed so as to surround an edge portion on one end side of said dielectric slab, and a matching section which protrudes toward said ground plane is provided to an aperture portion on the other end side of said feed in such a manner that a gap between itself and the surface of said wave-front conversion section gradually or continuously becomes small toward said wave-front conversion section side in order to attain matching between said feed and said wave-front conversion section.

13. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 11, wherein a matching section for attaining matching between said feed and said wave-front conversion section and leading the electromagnetic wave supplied from said feed to said wave-front conversion section is provided at a front end of said wave-front conversion section.

14. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 13, wherein said matching section is formed into a tapered shape so that its thickness is reduced toward an input side of the electromagnetic wave.

15. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 13, wherein said matching section is constituted by a dielectric having a dielectric constant different from that of said dielectric slab.

16. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 1, wherein a pair of said perturbations arranged in parallel to each other in such a manner that an interval along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide becomes substantially ¼

of a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in said transmission guide are loaded along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide at said predetermined interval.

17. A dielectric leaky-wave antenna comprising:

a ground plane;

a dielectric slab on one surface of said ground plane, which forms a transmission guide for transmitting an electromagnetic wave from one end side to another end side along a surface of said dielectric slab;

perturbations on the surface of said dielectric slab along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide at predetermined intervals which leak the electromagnetic wave from the surface of said dielectric slab; and

a feed which supplies the electromagnetic wave to one end side of said transmission guide,

wherein said perturbations each has a length substantially equal to a width of said dielectric slab and comprise a metallic strip or a slot orthogonal to the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide, and

wherein a pair of said perturbations are arranged in parallel to each other such that an interval along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide becomes substantially ¼

of a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in said transmission guide, said pair of perturbations being disposed along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide at said predetermined interval.

18. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 17, wherein said perturbations comprise a pair of metallic strips or a pair of slots which form a 90°

angle and each of which has a 45°

angle relative to the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide.

19. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 18, wherein an interval between said metallic strips forming a pair or an interval between said slots is set to approximately ¼

or ½

of a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in said transmission guide.

20. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 17, wherein said feed is constituted so as to radiate a cylindrical wave, and a wave-front conversion section which converts the cylindrical wave radiated from said feed into a plane wave and leading it to said transmission guide is provided on one end side of said dielectric slab.

21. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 20, wherein said wave-front conversion section is formed by extending said dielectric slab to said feed side.

22. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 21, wherein said feed transmits the electromagnetic wave input from one end side to another end side of said dielectric slab along said ground plane, and radiates the electromagnetic wave from an aperture portion on the other end side so as to surround an edge portion on one end side of said dielectric slab, and a matching section which protrudes toward said ground plane is provided to an aperture portion on the other end side of said feed in such a manner that a gap between itself and the surface of said wave-front conversion section gradually or continuously becomes small toward said wave-front conversion section side in order to attain matching between said feed and said wave-front conversion section.

23. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 21, further comprising a matching section for attaining matching between said feed and said wave-front conversion section and leading the electromagnetic wave supplied from said feed to said wave-front conversion section provided at a front end of said wave-front conversion section.

24. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 23, wherein said matching section is tapered so that its thickness is reduced toward an input side of the electromagnetic wave.

25. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 23, wherein said matching section comprises a dielectric having a dielectric constant different from that of said dielectric slab.

26. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 20, wherein said wave-front conversion section includes a reflecting wall for converting the cylindrical wave into the plane wave, one half portion of said reflecting wall is arranged so as to be directed to one end side of said dielectric slab, and said feed is arranged with its radiation aperture directed so as to radiate the electromagnetic wave to the other half portion of said reflecting wall of said wave-front conversion section on the opposite side to said dielectric slab with said ground plane between said feed and said dielectric slab.

27. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 26, wherein a matching section for attaining matching between said wave-front conversion section and said transmission guide of said dielectric slab is on one end side of said dielectric slab.

28. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 27, wherein said wave-front conversion section transmits the electromagnetic wave reflected by said reflecting wall to one end side of said dielectric slab along said ground plane and radiates the electromagnetic wave from an aperture portion formed so as to surround an edge portion on one end side of said dielectric slab, and a matching section which protrudes toward said ground plane side is provided to said aperture portion of said wave-front conversion section such that a gap between itself and the surface of said dielectric slab gradually or continuously becomes small toward said dielectric slab side in order to attain matching between said wave-front conversion section and said transmission guide of said dielectric slab.

29. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 27, wherein said matching section is tapered so that its thickness is reduced toward an input side of the electromagnetic wave.

30. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 27, wherein said matching section is constituted by a dielectric having a dielectric constant different from that of said dielectric slab.

31. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 20, wherein said feed has a plurality of radiators having different phase center positions, and

wherein said wave-front conversion section converts the cylindrical wave radiated from each of said radiators into a plane wave whose wave front is inclined at an angle corresponding to the phase center position of that radiator and supplies it to said transmission guide.

32. A dielectric leaky-wave antenna comprising:

a ground plane;

a dielectric slab on one surface of said ground plane, which forms a transmission guide for transmitting an electromagnetic wave from one end side to the other end side along a surface of said dielectric slab;

perturbations on the surface of said dielectric slab along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide at predetermined intervals which leak the electromagnetic wave from the surface of said dielectric slab; and

a feed which supplies the electromagnetic wave to one end side of said transmission guide,

wherein said perturbations are constituted by a metallic strip or a slot which has a 45°

angle relative to the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide, and

wherein a pair of said perturbations are arranged in parallel to each other such that an interval along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide becomes substantially ¼

of a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in said transmission guide, said pair of perturbations being disposed along the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide at said predetermined interval.

33. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 32, wherein said perturbations comprise a pair of metallic strips or a pair of slots which form a 90°

angle, and each of which has a 45°

angle relative to the electromagnetic wave transmission direction of said transmission guide.

34. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 33, wherein an interval between said metallic strips forming a pair or an interval between said slots is set to approximately ¼

or ½

of a wavelength of the electromagnetic wave in said transmission guide.

35. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 32, wherein said feed is constituted so as to radiate a cylindrical wave, and a wave-front conversion section which converts the cylindrical wave radiated from said feed into a plane wave and leading it to said transmission guide is provided on one end side of said dielectric slab.

36. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 35, wherein said wave-front conversion section is formed by extending said dielectric slab to said feed side.

37. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 36, wherein said feed transmits the electromagnetic wave input from one end side to another end side of said dielectric slab along said ground plane, and radiates the electromagnetic wave from an aperture portion on the other end side so as to surround an edge portion on one end side of said dielectric slab, and a matching section which protrudes toward said ground plane is provided to an aperture portion on the other end side of said feed in such a manner that a gap between itself and the surface of said wave-front conversion section gradually or continuously becomes small toward said wave-front conversion section side in order to attain matching between said feed and said wave-front conversion section.

38. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 36, further comprising a matching section for attaining matching between said feed and said wave-front conversion section and leading the electromagnetic wave supplied from said feed to said wave-front conversion section provided at a front end of said wave-front conversion section.

39. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 38, wherein said matching section is tapered so that its thickness is reduced toward an input side of the electromagnetic wave.

40. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 38, wherein said matching section comprise a dielectric having a dielectric constant different from that of said dielectric slab.

41. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 35, wherein said wave-front conversion section includes a reflecting wall which converts the cylindrical wave into the plane wave, one half portion of said reflecting wall is directed to one end side of said dielectric slab, and said feed is arranged with its radiation aperture directed so as to radiate the electromagnetic wave to the other half portion of said reflecting wall of said wave-front conversion section on the opposite side to said dielectric slab with said ground plane between said feed and said dielectric slab.

42. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 41, wherein a matching section for attaining matching between said wave-front conversion section and said transmission guide of said dielectric slab is on one end side of said dielectric slab.

43. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 42, wherein said wave-front conversion section transmits the electromagnetic wave reflected by said reflecting wall to one end side of said dielectric slab along said ground plane and radiates the electromagnetic wave from an aperture portion formed so as to surround an edge portion on one end side of said dielectric slab, and a matching section which protrudes toward said ground plane side is provided to said aperture portion of said wave-front conversion section such that a gap between itself and the surface of said dielectric slab gradually or continuously becomes small toward said dielectric slab side in order to attain matching between said wave-front conversion section and said transmission guide of said dielectric slab.

44. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 42, wherein said matching section is tapered so that its thickness is reduced toward an input side of the electromagnetic wave.

45. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 42, wherein said matching section is constituted by a dielectric having a dielectric constant different from that of said dielectric slab.

46. The dielectric leaky-wave antenna according to claim 35, wherein said feed has a plurality of radiators having different phase center positions, and

wherein said wave-front conversion section converts the cylindrical wave radiated from each of said radiators into a plane wave whose wave front is inclined at an angle corresponding to the phase center position of that radiator and supplies it to said transmission guide.