Equalizer performance enhancements for broadband wireless applications

• US 6,597,733 B2
• Filed: 03/05/2001
• Issued: 07/22/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/05/2001
• Status: Expired

• Current Assignee: ThinkLogix, LLC (Ascend Innovation Management, LLC)
• Original Assignee: Ensemble Communications
• Inventors: Pollmann, Stephen C., Gallagher, Timothy L., Arviv, Eli, Price, Frederick W., Behar, Jacques, Gazelle, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Chin, Stephen
• Assistant Examiner(s): Lugo, David B.
• Application Number:
  US09/800,268
• Publication Number:
  US 20020154688A1
• Time in Patent Office: 869 Days
• Field of Search: 375/229, 375/222, 375/230, 375/231, 375/232, 375/233, 375/316, 375/324
• US Class Current: 375/222
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0003 by switching between different modulation schemes
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/0036 arrangements specific to the receiver
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/004 by using forward error control H04L1/0618 takes precedence; coding, decoding or code conversion, for error detection or correction H03M13/00
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 1/20 using signal quality detector
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03401 PSK
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/0342 QAM
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03668 to the value at the end of a previous adaptation period
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2025/03783 Details of reference signals
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 25/03057 with a recursive structure H04L25/03031 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/0012 arrangements for identifying the type of modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/3809 Amplitude regulation arrangements
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/0029 interpolation of received data signal
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 7/042 Detectors therefor, e.g. correlators, state machines digital correlators in general G06F17/15

Abstract

A system and method for enhancing the performance of an equalizer in a modem. Multiple techniques are disclosed which improve the modem performance. A first technique uses stored parameters for each burst from each remote site to demodulate a received data stream. A second technique compensates for the gain droop caused by storing parameters across each burst. A third technique minimizes errors caused by adapting the equalizer coefficients for each data burst by analyzing the SN ratio and error rate of the received burst. A fourth technique improves the convergence of the equalizer by using a two-part preamble, whereby both parts are transmitted using different modulation techniques. A fifth technique is provided which performs a soft reset of the modem without performing a complete reset of the modem. A sixth technique determines a modem adaptation factor based on the expected modulation type of an incoming burst transmission. A seventh technique calculates a phase correction value for the stored tap values and applies the value to the incoming signal.

Claims

1. A method for operation of a modem system which demodulates data bursts from a plurality of remote sites using stored channel parameters for each remote site, the method comprising:

receiving a data burst from a current remote site;

determining a next remote site which will transmit a next data burst;

determining attenuation levels and equalizer tap values for the next remote site based on a previous burst from the next remote site;

determining an equalizer phase error from the determined equalizer tap values for the next remote site;

replacing attenuation levels and equalizer tap values for the current remote site with the determined attenuation levels and equalizer tap values for the next remote site in an equalizer once the burst from the current remote site is completed;

storing the replaced attenuation levels and equalizer tap values for the current remote site for use with a subsequent burst from the current remote site;

receiving the next burst from the next remote site;

determining an initial phase and an initial gain for the received next burst from the next remote site; and

demodulating the received next burst from the next remote site using the determined initial phase, initial gain, and equalizer phase error.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising adjusting the replaced attenuation levels and equalizer tap values during receipt of the burst from the current remote site and storing the adjusted values.

3. The method of claim 1, wherein demodulating the received next burst from the next remote site comprises:

applying the determined initial phase and the initial gain for the next remote site to an initial gain adjust module; and

applying the determined equalizer phase error for the next remote site to a numerically controlled oscillator.

4. The method of claim 1, further comprising generating an index of remote sites.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving equalizer tap values associated with the next burst from the next remote site;

determining a gain constant for the equalizer based on the received equalizer tap values; and

scaling the input signal of a subsequent burst from the next remote site to the equalizer to achieve a gain value of 1 based on the determined gain constant.

6. The method of claim 5, wherein scaling the input signal of the subsequent burst to the equalizer is performed by assigning a value to at least one of the equalizer tap values at the end of the next burst from the next remote site.

7. The method of claim 5, further comprising compensating for gain variation by adjusting a center equalizer coefficient.

8. The method of claim 5, further comprising storing at least one scaled equalizer tap value at the end of the next burst from the next remote site.

9. The method of claim 6, wherein scaling is performed on all of the equalizer tap values.

10. The method of claim 6, wherein scaling is performed on a center equalizer tap value at the end of the next burst from the next remote site.

11. The method of claim 10, further comprising determining the gain for the equalizer from an angle of the center equalizer tap value.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the angle includes a sine value.

13. The method of claim 11, wherein the angle includes a cosine value.

14. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining a noise value for the demodulated next burst from the next remote site;

determining an error value for the demodulated next burst from the next remote site;

if the determined noise value exceeds a threshold value, invalidating the attenuation levels and equalizer tap values;

if the determined error value exceeds a decode error threshold, invalidating the attenuation levels and equalizer tap values; and

storing the valid attenuation and equalizer tap values.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein determining the noise value comprises determining a signal to noise ratio.

16. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

receiving a two part preamble at the start of the next burst from the next remote site, wherein a first part is modulated using a lower order technique and the second part is modulated using a higher order technique than used for the first part; and

driving the output of an adaptive filter in the equalizer to minimize errors associated with the demodulation of the next burst which follows the two part preamble.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the lower order technique is QPSK.

18. The method of claim 16, wherein the higher order technique is QAM 64.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein the higher order technique is QAM 16.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein the first part and the second part of the preamble includes end points and middle QAM 64 points.

21. The method of claim 16, wherein the received two part preamble is used for symbol timing recovery.

22. The method of claim 16, wherein the errors associated with the demodulation of the next burst include a bit error rate and a reed solomon error rate.

23. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

generating an interrupt to the modem in response to a modem system error signal;

halting a modem interface once the modem system error occurs;

setting a reset bit once the modem is halted;

flushing a buffer once the reset bit is set;

realigning the buffer once the buffer is flushed;

reprogramming the buffer once the buffer is realigned; and

restarting the modem interface once the buffer is reprogrammed.

24. The method of claim 23, wherein the reset bit is a transmit-reset bit.

25. The method of claim 23, wherein the reset bit is a receive-reset bit.

26. The method of claim 23, wherein the interrupt occurs during modem transmission.

27. The method of claim 23, wherein the interrupt occurs during modem reception.

28. The method of claim 23, wherein the interrupt is generated in response to the modem transmitting at a rate faster than the data is received by the modem.

29. The method of claim 28, wherein the interrupt is generated in response to the modem receiving cyclic redundancy check packets.

30. The method of claim 29, wherein the modem is transmitting using QAM 64.

31. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

determining an expected modulation type for a subsequent burst from the next remote site based on the determined initial phase and the initial gain for the next burst from the next remote site;

selecting an adaptation factor for the equalizer based on the expected modulation type; and

applying the selected adaptation factor to the subsequent burst from the next remote site such that the probability that the attenuation levels and tap values stored after demodulating the subsequent burst are correct is increased.

32. The method of claim 31, wherein the expected modulation type is QPSK.

33. The method of claim 31, wherein the expected modulation type is QAM 16.

34. The method of claim 31, wherein the expected modulation type is QAM 64.

35. The method of claim 1, further comprising:

correlating the input and output of the equalizer for the next burst from the next remote site;

determining an angle of correction for the subsequent burst from the next remote site based on the correlation; and

shifting the subsequent burst by applying the determined angle of correction to the subsequent burst.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the angle of correction is determined using the equation 

_eq=angle (c₀+0.627c₁), wherein c₀ is the center tap value, and wherein c₁ is an adjacent tap value.

37. A method for operation of a modem system which demodulates data bursts from a plurality of remote sites using stored channel parameters for each remote site and compensates for gain droop in the modem transmitter, the method comprising:

receiving equalizer tap values associated with a burst from a next remote site;

determining a gain constant for an equalizer based on the received equalizer tap values; and

scaling the input signal of a next burst to the equalizer to achieve a gain value of 1 based on the determined gain constant.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein scaling the input signal is performed by assigning a value to at least one equalizer coefficient at the end of the burst.

39. The method of claim 37, further comprising storing at least one scaled equalizer coefficient value at the end of the burst.

40. The method of claim 38, wherein scaling is performed on all of the equalizer coefficients.

41. The method of claim 38, wherein scaling is performed on the center equalizer coefficient.

42. The method of claim 41, further comprising determining the gain for the equalizer from the angle of the center equalizer coefficient at the end of the burst.

43. The method of claim 42, wherein the calculated angle includes a sine value.

44. The method of claim 42, wherein the calculated angle includes a cosine value.

45. The method of claim 37, further comprising compensating for gain variation is performed by the center equalizer coefficient.

46. A method for operation of a modem system which demodulates data bursts from a plurality of remote sites using stored channel parameters for each remote site and improves the convergence of the modem, the method comprising:

transmitting a first part of a preamble that is modulated using a lower order technique;

transmitting a second part of the preamble after transmitting the first part of the preamble, wherein the second part of the preamble is modulated using a higher order technique than the modulation technique used for the first part;

receiving the transmitted preamble at the modem; and

driving the output of an adaptive filter in communication with the modem to a known state based on the received preamble.

47. The method of claim 46, wherein the lower order technique is QPSK.

48. The method of claim 46, wherein the higher order technique is QAM 64.

49. The method of claim 46, wherein the higher order technique is QAM 16.

50. The method of claim 46, wherein the first part and the second part of the preamble includes end points and middle QAM 64 points.

51. The method of claim 46, wherein the received preamble is used for symbol timing recovery.

52. The method of claim 46, wherein the method is implemented in a Time Division Duplex system.

53. A method for operation of a modem system which demodulates data bursts from a plurality of remote sites using stored channel parameters for each remote site which corrects the phase shift caused by the storage of equalizer tap values, the method comprising:

correlating the input and output of an equalizer for a received data burst from a next remote site based on equalizer tap values;

determining an angle of correction for an incoming data burst from the next remote site based on the correlation using the equation 

_eq=angle (c₀0.627c₁), wherein c₀ is the center tap value, and wherein c₁ is an adjacent tap value; and

shifting the incoming data burst by applying the determined angle of correction to the incoming data burst.

54. The method of claim 53, wherein the method is implemented in a Time Division Duplex system.

55. A modem system which demodulates data bursts from a plurality of remote sites using stored channel parameters for each remote site, the modem comprising:

means for receiving a data burst from a current remote site;

means for determining a next remote site which will transmit a next data burst;

means for determining attenuation levels and equalizer tap values for the next remote site based on a previous burst from the next remote site;

means for determining an equalizer phase error from the determined equalizer tap values for the next remote site;

means for replacing attenuation levels and equalizer tap values for the current remote site with the determined attenuation levels and equalizer tap values for the next remote site in an equalizer once the burst from the current remote site is completed;

means for storing the replaced attenuation levels and equalizer tap values for the current remote site for use with a subsequent burst from the current remote site;

means for receiving the next burst from the next remote site;

means for determining an initial phase and an initial gain for the received next burst from the next remote site; and

means for demodulating the received next burst from the next remote site using the determined initial phase, initial gain, and equalizer phase error.

56. A modem system which demodulates data bursts from a plurality of remote sites using stored channel parameters for each remote site and compensates for gain droop in the modem transmitter, the modem comprising:

means for receiving equalizer tap values associated with a burst from a next remote site;

means for determining a gain constant for an equalizer based on the received equalizer tap values; and

means for scaling the input signal of a next burst to the equalizer to achieve a gain value of 1 based on the determined gain constant.