Method of using spectral measures to distinguish among atrialfibrillation, atrial-flutter and other cardiac rhythms
First Claim
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1. A method of differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms, such method comprising the steps of:
- forming a residual file by subtracting a template heartbeat from each heartbeat of an electrocardiogram of a patient;
estimating a spectral entropy of atrial cardiac activity from the residual file; and
determining that the patient has atrial fibrillation when the spectral entropy is greater than a predetermined value.
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Abstract
A method and apparatus are provided for differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms. The method includes the steps of estimating a spectral entropy of atrial cardiac activity from an electrocardiogram of a patient and determining that the patient has atrial fibrillation when the spectral entropy is greater than a predetermined value.
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Citations
33 Claims
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1. A method of differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms, such method comprising the steps of:
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forming a residual file by subtracting a template heartbeat from each heartbeat of an electrocardiogram of a patient;
estimating a spectral entropy of atrial cardiac activity from the residual file; and
determining that the patient has atrial fibrillation when the spectral entropy is greater than a predetermined value.- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5)
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6. A method of differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms, such method comprising the steps of:
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recording an electrocardiogram of a patient as a cardiac sample file by sampling a cardiac activity of the patient over a sampling interval;
identifying a temporal location of a plurality of R-waves within a plurality of QRS complexes of a heartbeat of the patient within the cardiac sample file over the sampling interval;
determining an average temporal distance between successive R-waves identified within the QRS complex of the heartbeat of the patient over the sampling interval;
forming a template of the QRS complex and T-wave by averaging respective sample values ahead of and behind the identified R-wave estimating a spectral entropy of atrial cardiac activity from the electrocardiogram of a patient; and
determining that the patient has atrial fibrillation when the spectral entropy is greater than a predetermined value. - View Dependent Claims (7, 8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. An apparatus for differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms, such apparatus comprising:
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means for forming a residual file by subtracting a template heartbeat from each heartbeat of an electrocardiogram of a patient;
means for estimating a spectral entropy of atrial cardiac activity from the residual file; and
means for determining that the patient has atrial fibrillation when the spectral entropy is greater than a predetermined value. - View Dependent Claims (13, 14, 15, 22)
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16. An apparatus for differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms, such apparatus comprising:
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means for recording an electrocardiogram of a patient as a cardiac sample file by sampling a cardiac activity of the patient over a sampling interval;
means for identifying a temporal location of a plurality of R-waves within a plurality of QRS complexes of a heartbeat of the patient within the cardiac sample file over the sampling interval;
means for determining an average temporal distance between successive R-waves identified within the QRS complex of the heartbeat of the patient over the sampling interval;
means for forming a template of the QRS complex and T-wave by averaging respective sample values ahead of and behind the identified R-wave;
means for estimating a spectral entropy of atrial cardiac activity from the electrocardiogram of the patient; and
means for determining that the patient has atrial fibrillation when the spectral entropy is greater than a predetermined value. - View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21)
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23. An apparatus for differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms, such apparatus comprising:
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a residual file formed by subtracting a template heartbeat from each heartbeat of an electrocardiogram of a patient;
an entropy processor adapted to estimate a spectral entropy of atrial cardiac activity from the residual file; and
an evaluation processor adapted to determine that the patient has atrial fibrillation when the spectral entropy is greater than a predetermined value. - View Dependent Claims (24, 25, 26, 27)
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28. An apparatus for differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms, such apparatus comprising:
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a sampling processor adapted to create the electrocardiogram by sampling a cardiac activity of a patient over a sampling interval and store the samples within a cardiac sample file;
a waveform processor adapted to identify a temporal location of a plurality of R-waves within a plurality of QRS complexes of a heartbeat of the patient within the cardiac sample file over the sampling interval;
a timing processor adapted to determine an average temporal distance between successive R-waves identified within the QRS complex of the heartbeat of the patient over the sampling interval;
a template processor adapted to form a template of the QRS complex and T-wave by averaging respective sample values ahead of and behind the identified R-wave;
an entropy processor adapted to estimate a spectral entropy of atrial cardiac activity from an electrocardiogram of a patient; and
an evaluation processor adapted to determine that the patient has atrial fibrillation when the spectral entropy is greater than a predetermined value. - View Dependent Claims (29, 30, 31, 32)
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33. A method of differentiating among atrial-flutter, atrial-fibrillation and other cardiac rhythms, such method comprising the steps of:
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forming a residual file by subtracting a template heartbeat from each heartbeat of an electrocardiogram of a patient;
estimating a power spectral density of atrial electrical activity present within the residual file;
calculating a spectral entropy from the estimated power spectral density;
comparing the calculated spectral entropy with a threshold value; and
determining that the patient has atrial-fibrillation when the compared spectral entropy exceeds the threshold and atrial flutter when the compared spectral entropy does not exceed the threshold.
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Specification