Method and apparatus for a cutting system for avoiding pre-cut features

• US 6,609,044 B1
• Filed: 09/28/2000
• Issued: 08/19/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 09/30/1996
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Cincinnati Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Cincinnati Incorporated
• Inventors: Bockbrader, Scott, Basista, Thomas A.
• Primary Examiner(s): PATEL, RAMESH B
• Application Number:
  US09/672,357
• Time in Patent Office: 1,055 Days
• Field of Search: 700/166, 700/173, 700/182, 700/191, 700/97, 700/17, 700/117, 700/122, 700/127, 700/144, 700/159, 700/160, 700/167, 219/121.78, 219/121.82, 219/121.66, 219/121.67, 219/121.83, 219/121.72, 219/121.73, 219/121.75, 219/121.79, 295/63, 295/64, 295/65
• US Class Current: 700/166
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/4061 Avoiding collision or forbidden zones
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 19/4205 in which a drawing is traced or scanned and corresponding data recorded
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/35216 Program, generate nc program, code from cad data
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/35219 From cad data derive cutting, stacking, sorting program
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/45041 Laser cutting
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49363 Minimalize time for tool movement between different positions, holes
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49366 Machine several small pieces on one sheet, break off pieces
• CPC Class Codes: G05B 2219/49372 Optimize toolpath pattern for a given cutting layer, mounting sequence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 90/02 Total factory control, e.g. smart factories, flexible manufacturing systems [FMS] or integrated manufacturing systems [IMS]

Abstract

An improved laser cutting apparatus is provided that optimizes the amount of time required to perform all of the required cuts in a piece of sheet material. The optimization minimizes the amount of rapid-travel movement of the laser head, and virtually eliminates all head-up/head-down movements of the laser head. In one embodiment, the present invention performs a method that accepts NC code that has already been created by a conventional software product produced by a CAD/CAM vendor, and analyzes that NC code to create an optimized part program. The NC code is broken down and analyzed as a series of individual shapes to be cut by the laser head. Once the required shapes are known, a “sweep” is made to determine how many cut-outs are in each “band” being analyzed across the surface of the sheet material to be cut. The number of bands and the types of sweep are varied to analyze different possibilities of rapid-travel distance while still eliminating all head-up/head-down movements of the laser head. The order in which the cut-outs are to be cut within a particular band is analyzed, and the placement and direction of the lead-in for each of the cut-outs are determined. Each “sweep-type” for multiple numbers of bands are investigated so as to calculate the rapid-travel distance for each of the possibilities, thereby determining the minimum rapid-travel distance possible for the particular series of cut-outs to be made on this sheet material.

Claims

1. A method of using a machine for cutting features in material, said machine having a cutting instrument, said cutting instrument undergoing cutting movements while cutting said features and non-cutting movements while traveling between said features and said cutting movements, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) creating a data file that contains a description of a plurality of features to be cut in said material;

(b) identifying a plurality of paths, each respective path of said plurality of paths comprising each respective non-cutting movement which said cutting instrument would follow between each of said features arranged in a respective sequence if said cutting instrument were to follow said respective path;

(c) selecting a path from said plurality of paths based on criteria which includes determination of which of said plurality of paths, if followed by said cutting instrument in between cutting said features, would pass over the fewest number of previously cut features;

(d) utilizing said path selected to create a tool path for said cutting instrument to follow, said tool path comprising said cutting movements and said non-cutting movements; and

(e) causing said cutting instrument to follow said tool path.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein those portions of said tool path between said features comprise the path selected.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein respective cutting movements include respective lead-in paths.

4. The method of claim 3 comprising the step of determining respective orientations for said lead-in paths.

5. The method of claim 3 comprising the step of determining respective location of said respective lead-in paths.

6. The method of claim 5 comprising the step of determining respective orientations for said lead-in paths.

7. The method of claim 1 comprising the step of adding respective lead-in paths to said respective features.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the step of adding respective lead-in paths comprises the step of:

(a) in reverse order of said respective sequence, for a plurality of respective pairs of features within said respective sequence, each said respective pair comprising a respective first feature and a respective second feature, said second feature being the feature which immediately precedes said first feature in said respective sequence, determining the respective relative position between a first initial location associated with said first feature and a second initial location associated with said second feature.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of adding respective lead-in paths comprises the step of adding a lead-in path for said second respective feature based on said respective relative position.

10. The method of claim 8 wherein the step of adding respective lead-in paths comprises determining whether said respective relative position is X precedence or Y precedence.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the step of adding respective lead-in paths comprises determining whether said second initial location is in a positive direction from said first initial location.

12. The method of claim 8 wherein said respective initial locations are respective predetermined starts of cuts for said respective features.

13. The method of claim 1 wherein the path selected is a path of said plurality of paths which require the least amount of time for said cutting instrument to travel.

14. The method of claim 1 wherein the path selected is a path of said plurality of paths which requires the least distance for said cutting instrument to travel.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the path selected is a path of said plurality of paths which, if followed by said cutting instrument in between said cutting instrument cutting said features, would pass over the fewest number of previously cut features of said plurality of paths.

16. The method of claim 1 wherein said non-cutting movements of said cutting instrument pass over the fewest number of previously cut features that said cutting instrument would pass over if said cutting instrument were to follow any of said plurality of paths.

17. The method of claim 1 wherein said non-cutting movements of said cutting instrument do not pass over at least one previously cut feature.

18. The method of claim 1 wherein said non-cutting movements of said cutting instrument do not pass over a plurality of previously cut features.

19. The method of claim 1 wherein said non-cutting movements of said cutting instrument do not pass over any previously cut features.

20. The method of claim 1 wherein said features comprise separate parts to be cut.

21. The method of claim 1 wherein said features comprise respective areas which are to be cut in a single part.

22. The method of claim 1 wherein said cutting instrument does not undergo any head-up movement during said non-cutting movements.

23. The method of claim 1 wherein the step of selecting a path includes considering at least a respective one of said features as having a shape of a respective boundary box which surrounds said respective feature.

24. The method of claim 23 wherein said respective boundary box comprises a rectangular area defined by X-minimum, X-maximum, Y-maximum and Y-minimum coordinates of said respective feature.

25. The method of claim 1 comprising performing a plurality of sweeps to determine said respective sequences.

26. The method of claim 25 wherein said plurality of sweeps includes at least one of an X-sweep, a Y-sweep, a radial pie sweep and a radial wave sweep.

27. The method of claim 25 wherein said step of performing a plurality of sweeps includes the use of a plurality of bands for each respective sweep.

28. The method of claim 27 wherein twenty to forty bands are used for each respective sweep.

29. A method of using a machine for cutting features in material, said machine having a cutting instrument, said cutting instrument undergoing cutting movements while cutting said features and non-cutting movements while traveling between said features and said cutting movements, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) creating a data file that contains a description of a plurality of features to be cut in said material;

(b) identifying a plurality of paths, each respective path of said plurality of paths comprising each respective non-cutting movement which said cutting instrument would follow between each of said features arranged in a respective sequence if said cutting instrument were to follow said respective path;

(c) selecting a path from said plurality of paths based on criteria which includes determination of which of said plurality of paths, if followed by said cutting instrument in between cutting said features, would pass over the fewest number of previously cut features; and

(d) causing said cutting instrument to follow the path selected.

30. A computer readable medium storing an application program that defines a method of using a machine for cutting features in material, said machine having a cutting instrument, said cutting instrument undergoing cutting movements while cutting said features and non-cutting movements while traveling between said features and said cutting movements, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) creating a data file that contains a description of a plurality of features to be cut in said material;

(b) identifying a plurality of paths, each respective path of said plurality of paths comprising each respective non-cutting movement which said cutting instrument would follow between each of said features arranged in a respective sequence if said cutting instrument were to follow said respective path;

(c) selecting a path from said plurality of paths based on criteria which includes determination of which of said plurality of paths, if followed by said cutting instrument in between cutting said features, would pass over the fewest number of previously cut features;

(d) utilizing said path selected to create a tool path for said cutting instrument to follow, said tool path comprising said cutting movements and said non-cutting movements; and

(e) causing said cutting instrument to follow said tool path.

31. A method as implemented on a computer in a machine tool system having a machine for cutting features in material, said machine having a cutting instrument, said cutting instrument undergoing cutting movements while cutting said features and non-cutting movements while traveling between said features and said cutting movements, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) creating a data file that contains a description of a plurality of features to be cut in said material;

(b) identifying a plurality of paths, each respective path of said plurality of paths comprising each respective non-cutting movement which said cutting instrument would follow between each of said features arranged in a respective sequence if said cutting instrument were to follow said respective path;

(c) selecting a path from said plurality of paths based on criteria which includes determination of which of said plurality of paths, if followed by said cutting instrument in between cutting said features, would pass over the fewest number of previously cut features;

(d) utilizing said path selected to create a tool path for said cutting instrument to follow, said tool path comprising said cutting movements and said non-cutting movements; and

(e) causing said cutting instrument to follow said tool path.

32. A method of using a machine to cut features in material, said machine having a cutting instrument, said cutting instrument undergoing cutting movements while cutting said features and non-cutting movements while traveling between said features and said cutting movements, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) identifying a plurality of paths, each respective of said plurality of paths comprising each respective non-cutting movement which said cutting instrument would follow between each of said features arranged in a respective sequence if said cutting instrument were to follow said respective path;

(b) selecting a path from said plurality of paths based on criteria which includes determination of which of said plurality of paths, if followed by said cutting instrument in between cutting said features, would pass over the fewest number of previously cut features;

(c) utilizing said path selected to create a tool path for said cutting instrument to follow, said tool path comprising said cutting movements and said non-cutting movements; and

(d) causing said cutting instrument to follow said tool path.

33. A computer readable medium storing an application program that defines a method of using a machine for cutting features in material, said machine having a cutting instrument, said cutting instrument undergoing cutting movements while cutting said features and non-cutting movements while traveling between said features and said cutting movements, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) identifying a plurality of paths, each respective path of said plurality of paths comprising each respective non-cutting movement which said cutting instrument would follow between each of said features arranged in a respective sequence if said cutting instrument were to follow said respective path;

(b) selecting a path from plurality of paths based on criteria which includes determination of which of said plurality of paths, if followed by said cutting instrument in between cutting said features, would pass over the fewest number of previously cut features;

(c) utilizing said path selected to create a tool path for said cutting instrument to follow, said tool path comprising said cutting movements and said non-cutting movements; and

(d) causing said cutting instrument to follow said tool path.

34. A method of using a machine to cut features in material, said machine having a cutting instrument, said cutting instrument undergoing cutting movements while cutting said features and non-cutting movements while traveling between said features and said cutting movements, said method comprising the steps of:

(a) determining a plurality of respective sequences of said features;

(b) determining a plurality of paths, said step of determining a plurality of paths including determining a respective path for each respective sequence of said plurality of sequences of said features by considering said features in reverse order of said respective sequence;

(c) selecting a path from said plurality of paths;

(d) utilizing said path selected to create a tool path for said cutting instrument to follow, said tool path comprising said cutting movements and said non-cutting movements; and

(e) causing said cutting instrument to follow said tool path.