Quality of service facility in a device for performing IP forwarding and ATM switching

• US 6,611,522 B1
• Filed: 06/18/1999
• Issued: 08/26/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Juniper Networks Incorporated
• Original Assignee: Juniper Networks Incorporated
• Inventors: Willis, Steven R., Kastenholz, Frank, Zheng, Qin, Crawley, Eric
• Primary Examiner(s): Ton, Dang
• Assistant Examiner(s): Phan, Tri H.
• Application Number:
  US09/336,311
• Time in Patent Office: 1,530 Days
• Field of Search: 370/395.21, 370/395.4, 370/395.41, 370/395.42, 370/395.43, 370/395.5, 370/395.51, 370/395.52, 370/230, 370/235, 370/230.1, 370/389, 370/400, 370/401, 370/402, 370/404, 370/405, 370/395.1, 370/396, 370/465, 370/466, 370/469, 370/902, 370/905, 370/912
• US Class Current: 370/395.21
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5618 Bridges, gateways [GW] or interworking units [IWU]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5658 using the AAL5
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5665 Interaction of ATM with other protocols
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5667 IP over ATM
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 2012/5669 Multiprotocol over ATM [MPOA]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 45/742 Route cache; Operation thereof
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 65/61 for supporting one-way streaming services, e.g. Internet radio
• CPC Class Codes: H04Q 11/0478 Provisions for broadband connections

Abstract

According to one embodiment, the invention is directed to a facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node. The facility includes a plurality of logical input ports, a plurality of logical output ports, ATM switching elements, IP routing elements and QoS elements. The switching and forwarding elements transfer ATM data cells and IP data packets from the logical input ports to the logical output ports. The QoS elements prioritize, schedule and flow control the transfer of data, based at least in part on ATM QoS features associated with the ATM data cells and on IP QoS features associated with the IP data packets.

Claims

1. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

ATM forwarding means for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

IP forwarding means for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

QoS elements for identifying one or more ATM QoS features for ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features for IP data packets in the input data flows, and scheduling forwarding of said input data flows, based at least in part, on the identified one or more ATM QoS features and on the identified one or more IP QoS features; and

a housing that contains both said ATM forwarding means and said IP forwarding means.

2. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 1, wherein the housing also includes said QoS elements.

3. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 1, wherein said QoS elements further comprise call control means for responding to service contract requests from at least one of said external data sources and said external data destinations, and for selectively forming service contracts between said communication node and at least one of said external data sources and said external data destinations, wherein said service contracts include agreements by said communication node to provide said ATM and IP QoS features to at least one of input data flows from said external data sources and input data flows directed toward said external data destinations, and wherein said communication node is adapted for providing differing service contracts to different ones of said external data sources and said external data destinations.

4. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 3, wherein said call control means is adapted for determining an available bandwidth of said communication node and for denying a service contract request in response to determining that insufficient bandwidth is available to provide a requested QoS feature.

5. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 3, wherein said QoS elements further comprise traffic control means, responsive to said call control means, for interpreting said ATM and IP QoS features provided by said service contracts, and for signaling control information to devices along said forwarding paths to ensure adequate bandwidth along said forwarding paths to provide said ATM and IP QoS features commensurate with said service contracts.

6. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 1, wherein said QoS elements further comprise ReSerVation Protocol (RSVP) means for providing a signaling mechanism for an external data destination to request a service contract from said communication node for data flows directed toward said external data destination.

7. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 1, wherein said QoS elements further comprise data classification means for selecting for particular QoS categories, IP data packets and ATM data cells, which have been input to said communication node, by determining which QoS features, if any, are required by said input IP data packets and said input ATM data cells.

8. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 7, wherein said QoS elements further comprise scheduling means for scheduling forwarding of said IP data packets and switching of said ATM data cells in response to said QoS categories selected by said classification means.

9. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 1, wherein said QoS elements further comprise data policing means for determining if said IP data packets and said ATM data cells are part of a particular one of said input data flows, for determining if an external source of said particular data flow has a service contract with said communication node, and for determining whether said IP data packets and said ATM data cells of said particular data flow are in accord with said service contract.

10. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 9, wherein said policing means further includes discarding means for discarding, selected ones of said IP data packets and said ATM data cells, which are not in accord with said service contract.

11. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 9, wherein said policing means further includes marking means for marking, selected ones of said IP data packets and said ATM data cells, which are not in accord with said service contract.

12. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 9, wherein one or more of said ATM data cells make up an ATM frame, and wherein said policing means further includes Partial Packet Discard (PPD) means for discarding selected additional ATM data cells in an ATM frame in response to said policing means determining that another of said ATM data cells is not in accord with a service contract.

13. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 9, wherein one or more of said ATM data cells make up an ATM frame, and wherein said policing means further includes ATM queuing means for buffering said forwarding of ATM data cells and Early Packet Discard (EPD) means for discarding entire ATM frames in response to said ATM queuing means reaching a selected level of fullness.

14. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 9, wherein said policing means further includes queuing means for buffering said forwarding of ATM data cells and for buffering said forwarding of said IP data packets, and Random Early Detect means for substantially randomly discarding IP data packets and ATM data cells in response to said queuing means reaching one or more selected levels of fullness.

23. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 1, wherein said ATM QoS features include at least one of, Constant Bit Rate (CBR), Unspecified Bit Rate (UBR), non-real-time Variable Bit Rate (nrtVBR), real-time Variable Bit Rate (rtVBR) and Available Bit Rate (ABR), and said IP QoS features include at least one of, Provisioned QoS, Differentiated Services, and Integrated Services.

49. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 1 wherein the QoS elements are further configured to prioritize transfer of said ATM data cells and IP data packets through said facility based at least in part on the identified one or more ATM QoS features and the identified one or more IP QoS features.

15. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

ATM forwarding means for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

IP forwarding means for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

QoS elements for identifying one or more ATM QoS features for ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features for IP data packets in the input data flows, and scheduling forwarding of said input data flows, based at least in part, on the identified one or more ATM QoS features and on the identified one or more IP QoS features; and

an Application Specific Integrated Circuit that contains at least a portion of said ATM forwarding means, said IP forwarding means, and said QoS elements.

16. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 15 further comprising a common physical interface that includes said logical input ports from which said ATM forwarding means receives said ATM data cells and said IP forwarding means receives said IP data packets.

48. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 15, wherein said QoS elements further comprise means for providing a static QoS contract between said communication node and an external device.

17. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets, and said input data flows include Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) frames;

ATM forwarding means for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

IP forwarding means for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

QoS elements for identifying one or more ATM QoS features for ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features for IP data packets in the input data flows, and scheduling forwarding of said input data flows, based at least in part, on the identified one or more ATM QoS features and on the identified one or more IP QoS features; and

a SONET deframer for deframing said SONET frames in said input data flows.

18. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

ATM forwarding means for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path, wherein said ATM forwarding means includes ATM lookup means for identifying toward which of said logical output ports to forward said ATM data cells in said input data flows based on information contained in said ATM data cells;

IP forwarding means for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path; and

QoS elements for identifying one or more ATM QoS features for ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features for IP data packets in the input data flows, and scheduling forwarding of said input data flows, based at least in part, on the identified one or more ATM QoS features and on the identified one or more IP QoS features.

19. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 18, wherein said ATM lookup means is further adapted for determining which of said ATM QoS features should be applied to said ATM data cells in said input data flows.

20. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 19, wherein said ATM lookup means is further adapted for performing said identifying and said determining in a single lookup operation.

50. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 18, further comprising:

ATM prioritizing elements for prioritizing transfer of said ATM data cells from said logical input ports to said logical output ports, based at least in part, on the identified one or more ATM QoS features.

21. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

ATM forwarding means for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

IP forwarding means for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path, wherein said IP forwarding means includes IP lookup means for identifying toward which of said logical output ports to route said IP data packets in said input data flows based on address information contained in said IP data packets; and

QoS elements for identifying one or more ATM QoS features for ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features for IP data packets in the input data flows, and scheduling forwarding of said input data flows, based at least in part, on the identified one or more ATM QoS features and on the identified one or more IP QoS features.

22. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 21, wherein said IP lookup means is further adapted for determining which of said IP QoS features should be applied to said IP data packet.

51. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 21, further comprising:

IP prioritizing elements for prioritizing transfer of said IP data packets from said logical input ports to said logical output ports, based at least in part, on the identified one or more IP QoS features.

24. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources, and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include at least one of a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets; and

a plurality of communication modules, wherein said communication modules include;

IP packet forwarding elements for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports,

ATM cell forwarding elements for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports to at least one of said logical output ports, and

QoS elements adapted for identifying one or more ATM QoS features associated with the ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features associated with the IP data packets in the input data flows, and providing the identified one or more ATM QoS features and the identified one or more IP QoS features to said input data flows in said communication node, wherein at least some of said QoS elements are distributed in said plurality of communication modules.

27. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 24, further comprising an interconnect in digital communication with said communication modules and adapted for forwarding ATM data cells and routing IP data packets between said communication modules, wherein at least some of said QoS elements are distributed in said interconnect.

28. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 24 further comprising a control processor for controlling operation of said QoS elements.

29. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 28, wherein said communication modules include communication module processors that are in communication with said control processor and assist said control processor in controlling said QoS elements.

25. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources, and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include at least one of a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

a plurality of communication modules, wherein said communication modules include;

IP packet forwarding elements for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports,

ATM cell forwarding elements for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports to at least one of said logical output ports, and

QoS elements adapted for identifying one or more ATM QoS features associated with the ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features associated with the IP data packets in the input data flows, and providing the identified one or more ATM QoS features and the identified one or more IP QoS features to said input data flows in said communication node; and

an interconnect in digital communication with said communication modules and adapted for forwarding ATM data cells and IP data packets between said communication modules.

26. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 25, wherein at least some of said QoS elements are distributed in said interconnect.

41. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 25, wherein

said communication modules further comprise lookup engines adapted for processing IP data packets and ATM data cells in an input data flow to determine ATM and IP QoS features required by said IP data packets and said ATM data cells in said input data flow, and for generating destination handles representative of said QoS features required by said ATM data cells and said IP data packets, and

said interconnect further comprises input data queues for IP data packets and ATM data cells, wherein said interconnect determines which of said input data queues to store particular ones of said IP data packets and said ATM data cells based at least in part on said IP and ATM QoS features indicated by said destination handle.

42. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 25 wherein ATM data cells and IP data packets transferred from said interconnect to one of said communication modules include an associated status indicating an ability of one or more of others of said communication modules to receive additional ATM data cells and IP data packets.

43. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 25, wherein said communication modules further include a queuing structure for intermediately storing ATM data cells and IP data packets transferred from said interconnect to said communication modules for output via one or more of said logical output ports.

44. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 43, wherein said communication modules include one or more physical output ports associated with each of said logical output ports, said queuing structure further comprises a plurality of output queues associated with each of said physical output ports, wherein each plurality of output queues is adapted for intermediately storing ones of said IP data packets and ATM data cells destined for output via said associated physical output port.

45. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 44, wherein output queues included in a particular plurality of output queues have an assigned priority relative to other output queues included in said particular plurality, wherein data stored in an output queue having a relatively higher priority is scheduled for output in preference to data stored in a queue having a relatively lower priority.

46. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 44, wherein said queuing structure further includes a calendar queue, wherein said calendar queue is adapted for intermediately storing at least selected ones of said ATM data cells and IP data packets destined for said output queues, and for scheduling transfer of said selected ones of said ATM data cells and IP data packets from said calendar queue to said output queues based at least in part on which of said ATM and IP QoS features apply to said selected ones of said ATM data cells and IP data packets.

47. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 45, wherein said queuing structure further comprises an output stack, wherein said output stack is adapted for intermediately storing said ATM data cells and IP data packets destined for transfer from one of said pluralities of output queues, and said facility further comprises a processor for transferring said ATM data cells and IP data packets from said plurality of output queues to said output stack according to a selected priority, wherein said selected priority is based at least in part on from which one of said output queues said data being transferred.

30. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources, and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include at least one of a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets; and

a plurality of communication modules, wherein said communication modules include;

IP packet forwarding elements for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports,

ATM cell forwarding elements for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports to at least one of said logical output ports,

QoS elements adapted for identifying one or more ATM QoS features associated with the ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features associated with the IP data packets in the input data flows, and providing the identified one or more ATM QoS features and the identified one or more IP QoS features to said input data flows in said communication node, and

lookup engines adapted for processing IP data packets and ATM data cells in an input data flow to determine ATM and IP QoS features required by said IP data packets and said ATM data cells in said input data flow.

31. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 30, wherein said lookup engines are further adapted for processing said IP data packets and said ATM data cells in an input data flow to identify one or more of said logical output ports towards which said ATM data cells and said IP data packets should be forwarded.

32. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 31, wherein said lookup engines are further adapted for generating a destination handle representative of said QoS features required by said ATM data cells and said IP data packets, and representative of said one or more logical output ports towards which said ATM data cells and said IP data packets are to be forwarded.

33. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 31, wherein said lookup engines are further adapted for determining said QoS features and said logical output ports in common lookup operations.

34. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 30, wherein said ATM data cells include ATM cell headers and said lookup engines are further adapted for processing said ATM cell headers to determine ATM QoS features required by said ATM cells in an input data flow.

35. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 34, wherein said ATM cell headers include Virtual Circuit Indicators (VCIs) and Virtual Path Indicators (VPIs) and said lookup engines are further adapted to process said VCls and VPIs to determine ATM QoS features required by said ATM cells in an input data flow.

36. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 30, wherein said IP data cells include IP cell headers comprising at least one of, destination address, source address, IP protocol number, input port number, output port number and source Autonomous System (AS), and wherein said lookup engines are further adapted for processing said IP cell headers to determine QoS features required by said IP data packets in an input data flow.

38. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 30, wherein said communication modules include policing elements for detecting nonconforming IP data packets and nonconforming ATM data cells in an input data flow, wherein said nonconforming IP data packets and ATM data cells exceed a selected QoS feature.

39. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 38, wherein said lookup engine includes at least some of said policing elements, and is further adapted for marking said nonconforming ATM data and IP data packets.

40. A facility for providing ATM and IP QoS features according to claim 39, wherein said lookup engines are further adapted for generating destination handles representative of said QoS features required by said ATM data cells and said IP data packets, and for performing said marking of said nonconforming ATM data cells and said IP data packets by setting bits in said destination handle.

37. A facility for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said facility comprising:

a plurality of logical input ports adapted for receiving input data flows from external data sources, and a plurality of logical output ports adapted for transmitting output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said input data flows and said output data flows include at least one of a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets; and

a plurality of communication modules, wherein said communication modules include;

IP packet forwarding elements for forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports,

ATM cell forwarding elements for forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports to at least one of said logical output ports,

QoS elements adapted for identifying one or more ATM QoS features associated with the ATM data cells in the input data flows, identifying one or more IP QoS features associated with the IP data packets in the input data flows, and providing the identified one or more ATM QoS features and the identified one or more IP QoS features to said input data flows in said communication node, and

policing elements for detecting if said IP data packets and said ATM data cells in an input data flow exceed a selected QoS feature.

52. A method for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said method comprising:

receiving, by a plurality of logical input ports, input data flows from external data sources, wherein said input data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

transmitting, by a plurality of logical output ports, output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said output data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

identifying one or more of said logical output ports to which to forward said ATM data cells in said input data flows based on information contained in said ATM data cells;

forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports toward the identified one or more logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

identifying one or more ATM QoS features for ATM data cells in the input data flows;

identifying one or more IP QoS features for IP data packets in the input data flows; and

scheduling forwarding of said input data flows, based at least in part, on the identified one or more ATM QoS features and on the identified one or more IP QoS features.

53. A method for providing Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) and Internet Protocol (IP) Quality of Service (QoS) features in a digital communication node, said method comprising:

receiving, by a plurality of logical input ports, input data flows from external data sources, wherein said input data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

transmitting, by a plurality of logical output ports, output data flows to a plurality of external data destinations, wherein said output data flows include a plurality of ATM data cells and a plurality of IP data packets;

identifying one or more of said logical output ports to which to route said IP data packets in said input data flows based on address information contained in said IP data packets;

forwarding ATM data cells from one of said logical input ports toward at least one of said logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

forwarding IP data packets from one of said logical input ports toward the identified one or more logical output ports along a selected forwarding path;

identifying one or more ATM QoS features for ATM data cells in the input data flows;

identifying one or more IP QoS features for IP data packets in the input data flows; and

scheduling forwarding of said input data flows, based at least in part, on the identified one or more ATM QoS features and on the identified one or more IP QoS features.