Device and method for monitoring and controlling physiologic parameters of a dialysis patient using segmental bioimpedence
First Claim
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1. A method for determining the hydration status of a dialysis patient comprising the steps of:
- measuring the resistivity of a body segment of the patient;
correlating the measured resistivity with predetermined normal dry weight values; and
deriving the patient'"'"'s hydration status.
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Abstract
The present invention includes a method of determining the dry body weight of a patient undergoing dialysis by means of segmental bioimpedance analysis. In preferred embodiments, dry body weight is determined by comparison to the bioimpedance values of normal subjects or by monitoring changes in bioimpedance during dialysis. One embodiment of the present invention is a device for determining dry body weight during dialysis.
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Citations
31 Claims
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1. A method for determining the hydration status of a dialysis patient comprising the steps of:
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measuring the resistivity of a body segment of the patient;
correlating the measured resistivity with predetermined normal dry weight values; and
deriving the patient'"'"'s hydration status. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6)
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7. A method for determining a hemodialysis patient'"'"'s dry weight comprising the steps of:
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periodically measuring the resistivity of a body segment during hemodialysis;
comparing successive resistivity measurements; and
identifying the patient'"'"'s dry weight when a substantially constant resistivity is reached. - View Dependent Claims (8, 9, 10, 11)
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12. A method for dialysing a patient to the patient'"'"'s dry weight comprising the steps of:
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measuring the resistivity of a body segment of the patient;
correlating the measured resistivity with predetermined normal dry weight values;
deriving the patient'"'"'s hydration; and
continuing hemodialysis until the resistivity of the body segment correlates with the predetermined normal dry weight values. - View Dependent Claims (13)
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14. A method for hemodialysing a patient to the patient'"'"'s dry weight comprising the steps of:
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periodically measuring the resistivity of a body segment during hemodialysis;
comparing successive resistivity measurements; and
discontinuing hemodialysis when a substantially constant resistivity is reflected. - View Dependent Claims (15, 16)
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17. A method of monitoring the heart rate of a hemodialysis patient comprising the steps of:
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determining a time interval between two successive bioimpedance wave peaks; and
multiplying the reciprocal of the time interval by 60 to obtain the heart rate.
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18. A method of calculating the cardiac output of a patient in need thereof comprising the steps of:
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measuring the stroke volume in an arm segment by bioimpedance analysis;
substantially simultaneously measuring the stroke volume in an ipsalateral leg segment by bioimpedance analysis;
summing the stroke volume in the arm segment and the stroke volume in the leg segment; and
multiplying the sum by twice the heart rate to obtain the cardiac output. - View Dependent Claims (19)
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20. A device for controlling a hemodialysis machine comprising:
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a bioimpedance analysis measurement unit in electrical communication with a hemodialysis machine;
an electrical output means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a body segment, the electrical output means being adapted to apply electrical current to the body segment;
an electrical input means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a body segment, the electrical input means being adapted to receive the current transmitted through the body segment and transmit the same to the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit; and
wherein the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit is adapted to determine body segment resistivity based on the current transmitted through the body segment and wherein the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit provides feedback to the hemodialysis machine in response to the body segment resistivity. - View Dependent Claims (21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A device for monitoring hydration status in a hemodialysis patient comprising:
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a bioimpedance analysis measurement unit;
an electrical output means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a body segment, the electrical output means being adapted to apply electrical current to the body segment;
an electrical input means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a body segment, the electrical input means being adapted to receive the current transmitted through the body segment and transmit the same to the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit; and
a microprocessor system in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit;
wherein the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit is adapted to determine a body segment resistance based on the current transmitted through the body segment and to transmit the body segment resistance to the microprocessor system, and wherein the microprocessor system is adapted to calculate a body segment resistivity, correlate the body segment resistivity with predetermined normal dry weight values, and to derive the hydration status of the hemodialysis patient. - View Dependent Claims (26, 27)
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28. A device for monitoring hydration status in a hemodialysis patient comprising:
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a bioimpedance analysis measurement unit;
an electrical output means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a body segment, the electrical output means being adapted to apply electrical current to the body segment, wherein the electrical output means includes at least two injector electrodes;
an electrical input means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a body segment, the electrical input means being adapted to receive the current transmitted through the body segment and transmit the same to the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit, wherein the electrical input means includes at least two measurement electrodes; and
a means for applying pressure to the body segment, the pressure applying means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit, wherein the pressure applying means includes a pressure cuff, the pressure cuff being adapted to encircle the body segment;
wherein the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit is adapted to determine a body segment resistivity based on the current transmitted through the body segment, and wherein the injector electrodes and the measurement electrodes are secured to the pressure cuff. - View Dependent Claims (29)
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30. A hemodialysis machine including a device for monitoring hydration status in a hemodialysis patient, the device comprising:
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a bioimpedance analysis measurement unit;
an electrical output means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a body segment, the electrical output means being adapted to apply electrical current to the body segment; and
an electrical input means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a body segment, the electrical input means being adapted to receive the current transmitted through the body segment and transmit the same to the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit;
wherein the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit is adapted to determine body segment resistivity based on the current transmitted through the body segment.
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31. A device for calculating cardiac output through bioimpedance measurements of a patient comprising:
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a bioimpedance measurement unit;
a first electrical output means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to an arm segment, the first electrical output means being adapted to apply electrical current to the arm segment;
a second electrical output means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a leg segment, the second electrical output means being adapted to apply electrical current to the leg segment;
a first electrical input means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to an arm segment, the electrical input means being adapted to receive the current transmitted through the arm segment and transmit the same to the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit;
a second electrical input means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit and being attachable to a leg segment, the electrical input means being adapted to receive the current transmitted through the leg segment and transmit the same to the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit;
a first pressure applying means for applying a maximum pressure to the arm segment, the first pressure applying means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit;
a second pressure applying means for applying a maximum pressure to the arm segment, the second pressure applying means being in electrical communication with the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit; and
a means for selectively electronically connecting the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit between the first electrical input and output means and the second electrical input and output means;
wherein the bioimpedance analysis measurement unit is adapted to selectively measure stroke volume in the arm and leg segments by bioimpedance analysis.
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Specification