Adaptive dynamic range receiver for MRI

• US 6,621,433 B1
• Filed: 06/22/2001
• Issued: 09/16/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/22/2001
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Fonar Corporation
• Original Assignee: Fonar Corporation
• Inventors: Hertz, David
• Primary Examiner(s): Williams, Howard L.
• Application Number:
  US09/887,385
• Time in Patent Office: 816 Days
• Field of Search: 341/138, 341/139, 341/155, 324/309
• US Class Current: 341/139
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 33/3621 NMR receivers or demodulators, e.g. preamplifiers, means for frequency modulation of the MR signal using a digital down converter, means for analog to digital conversion [ADC] or for filtering or processing of the MR signal such as bandpass filtering, resampling, decimation or interpolation
• CPC Class Codes: H03M 1/188 Multi-path, i.e. having a separate analogue/digital converter for each possible range

Abstract

A receiver for a resonance signal of a magnetic resonance imaging system generates a baseband signal for image processing by dividing a raw resonance signal among multiple parallel channels, each amplified at a respective gain. A digital channel selector determines, at any given moment, a lowest-distortion channel to be further processed. Amplitude and phase error compensation are handled digitally using complex multipliers, which are derived by a calibration, based on a simple Larmor oscillator, which can be done without the need for a sample and without repeating when measurement conditions are changed. One of the important benefits of the invention is that it provides for gain selection without repeated calibration steps. This is particularly important in systems that employ fast imaging techniques such as fast spin echo, where the invention can speed imaging substantially.

Claims

1. A device for converting an analog signal to a digital signal, comprising:

a plurality of signal channels each having a respective amplifier with a respective gain, analog-to-digital converter (ADC), and digital down-converter interconnected such that a respectively amplified, digitized, and down-converted digital signal responsive to a common analog signal is generated;

a digital signal processor (DSP) connected to receive said digital signals and configured to select a one of said digital signals having a lowest distortion; and

said DSP being further configured to correct for lack of phase coherence and differing gain in said digital signals respective to each of said channels, whereby said one of said digital signals remains normalized with respect to others of said digital signals when said others are selected.

2. A device as in claim 1, wherein at least some of said ADCs have respective overflow flags and said DSP is further configured such that it selects said one of said digital signals responsively to said overflow flags.

3. A device as in claim 2, wherein said analog signal is a resonance signal of a magnetic resonance imaging system.

4. A device as in claim 1, wherein said analog signal is a resonance signal of a magnetic resonance imaging system.

5. A device as in claim 1, wherein said DSP is further configured such that said one of said digital signals is the one corresponding to the one of said respective amplifiers with the highest of said respective gains that does not over-saturate an input of its respective ADC.

6. A device as in claim 1, wherein each digital down-converter comprises a multiplier.

7. A device as in claim 6, wherein each digital down-converter further comprises a decimator to decimate an output of the multiplier.

8. A receiver for a magnetic resonance imaging device, comprising:

amplifiers with respective gain factors and inputs connectable to a resonance signal source and respective outputs;

a respective analog-to-digital converter (ADC) connected to said respective output of each of said amplifiers, each said ADC generating a respective digital output;

a respective multiplication/decimation filter connected to each ADC to receive said respective digital output, each multiplication/decimation filter being configured to extract a respective baseband signal from a respective one of said digital outputs to generate a respective baseband output;

each of said respective multiplication/decimation filters being configured to demodulate a respective one of said digital outputs by numerically multiplying it by a signal from a numerical frequency generator; and

a digital signal processor configured to select a one of said respective baseband outputs for output to an imaging system such that quantization noise in said digital output is a minimum fraction of said digital output and such that the ADC corresponding to said one of said digital outputs is not over-ranged thereby.

9. A method of digitizing an analog signal, comprising:

receiving the analog signal along a plurality of channels;

amplifying the signal along each channel with a respective gain;

converting each amplified signal into a digital signal, to provide a plurality of digital signals;

down-converting each of the plurality of digital signals to provide a plurality of down-converted digital signals;

selecting a one of the down-converted digital signals having a lowest distortion; and

correcting for lack of phase coherence and differing gain in said down-converted digital signals respective to each of said channels, whereby one of said digital signals remains normalized with respect to others of said digital signals when said others are selected.

10. A method as in claim 9, wherein each analog signal is converted to a digital signal by respective analog-to-digital converters (ADCs).

11. A method as in claim 10, wherein at least some of the respective ADCs have respective overflow flags, the method comprising:

selecting the one of the down-converted digital signals in response to said overflow flags.

12. A method as in claim 10, wherein each signal is amplified along each channel by a respective amplifier with a respective gain, the method comprising:

selecting the digital signal corresponding to a respective amplifier with the highest respective gain that does not over-saturate an input of its respective ADC.

13. A method as in claim 9, wherein the analog signal is a magnetic resonance signal, the method comprising:

receiving the magnetic resonance signal along the plurality of channels.

14. A method as in claim 9, comprising down-converting each of the plurality of digital signals by:

numerically multiplying each of the plurality of digital signals by an output from a numerical frequency generator.

15. A method as in claim 14, further comprising decimating each of the plurality of numerically multiplied digital signals.