Methods and apparatus for detecting edges within encoded images

• US 6,621,867 B1
• Filed: 09/07/1999
• Issued: 09/16/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 11/16/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Hitachi America Limited (Hitachi, Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Hitachi America Limited (Hitachi, Ltd.)
• Inventors: Lane, Frank Anton, Sazzad, Sharif Mohammad
• Primary Examiner(s): Kelley, Chris
• Assistant Examiner(s): SENFI, BEHROOZ M
• Application Number:
  US09/390,274
• Time in Patent Office: 1,470 Days
• Field of Search: 348/575, 348/398.1, 382/233, 382/235, 382/232, 382/260, 382/266, 382/264, 382/263, 382/268, 375/240, 375/240.25, 375/240.29, 375/240.26
• US Class Current: 375/240.26
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/10016 Video; Image sequence
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2207/20052 Discrete cosine transform [DCT]
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 7/12 Edge-based segmentation
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 5/142 Edging; Contouring

Abstract

Edge detection methods and apparatus which utilize the dc dct differential data included in encoded images, e.g., an MPEG-2 encoded video stream, are described. Use of the dc dct differential data allows efficient methods for detecting the presence of edges within encoded images. The edge detection methods and apparatus of the present invention can be used where differential coding of the DC DCT coefficients is employed. Accordingly, the edge detection methods of the present invention are applicable to MPEG-2 encoded images as well as other differentially encoded images.

Claims

1. A method of detecting an edge within an image represented by encoded image data including differential values, the method comprising the steps of:

filtering a plurality of said differential values to produce a filter output value; and

performing a threshold test as a function of the filter output value to determine whether the image represented by the encoded image data includes an edge.

2. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

receiving the encoded image data; and

selecting, from the encoded image data, differential values corresponding to vertically displaced image portions to be included in said plurality of differential values.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said differential values are dc_dct_differential values corresponding to a row of macroblocks;

and

wherein the step of selecting from the encoded image data differential values includes;

selecting dc_dct_differntial values corresponding to first and third blocks of each macroblock.

4. The method of claim 2,

wherein said differential values are dc_dct_differential values corresponding to a row of macroblocks;

and

wherein the step of selecting from the encoded image data differential values includes;

selecting dc_dct_differntial values corresponding to first and third blocks of each macroblock while excluding dc_dct_differential values corresponding to the first block of each slice from said plurality of differential values.

5. The method of claim 1, further comprising the steps of:

receiving the encoded image data; and

selecting, from the encoded image data, differential values corresponding to horizontally displaced image portions to be included in said plurality of differential values.

6. The method of claim 5,

wherein said differential values are dc_dct_differential values corresponding to a column of macroblocks;

and

wherein the step of selecting from the encoded image data differential values includes;

selecting dc_dct_differntial values corresponding to second and fourth blocks of each macroblock.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtering includes:

summing a plurality of differential values to produce the filter output value; and

wherein the step of performing a threshold test includes;

comparing the filter output value to a threshold value.

8. The method of claim 7, wherein the filter uses more than 20 differential values to produce each filter output value.

9. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of:

generating a signal indicating that an edge has been detected when the threshold test indicates that the filter output value exceeds the threshold value.

10. The method of claim 2, further comprising the step of:

generating a signal indicating that a horizontal edge has been detected, when the threshold test indicates that the filter output value exceeds the threshold value.

11. The method of claim 1, wherein the filtering includes:

counting a number of consecutive differential values which satisfy a preselected criterion.

12. The method of claim 11, wherein the filtering operation further includes the step of:

comparing the counted number of consecutive differential values which satisfy the first preselected criterion to an accumulation threshold; and

adding the number of consecutive differential values to an accumulated consecutive event counter value when the number of consecutive differential values exceeds the accumulation threshold, the accumulated consecutive event counter value being the filter output value.

13. The method of claim 12, wherein the step of performing a threshold test includes:

comparing the accumulated consecutive event counter value to an edge detection threshold value.

14. The method of claim 12, wherein the preselected criterion is based on a preceding differential value for differential values other than the first one of the plurality of differential values.

15. A method of processing encoded image data including a first set of differential values, the method comprising the steps of:

selecting from the first set of differential values differential values corresponding to vertically displaced image portions to generate a second set of differential values which is smaller than the first set;

using the second set of differential values to determine whether a horizontal edge is present in the image represented by said encoded image data.

16. The method of claim 15, wherein the step of using the second set of differential values includes the steps of:

performing a filtering operation using the second set of differential values; and

determining from the result of the filtering operation whether an edge is present in the image portion represented by said encoded image data.

17. The method of claim 16, wherein the step of determining from the result of the filtering operation whether an edge is present includes:

comparing a value generated by the filtering operation to an edge detection threshold value.

18. The method of claim 17, further comprising the step of:

generating a signal indicating the presence of a horizontal edge when the value generated by the filtering operation exceeds the edge detection threshold.

19. The method of claim 15, wherein the differential values are dc_dct_differential values.

20. An image processing system comprising:

means for receiving encoded image data representing an image, the encoded image data including a plurality of differential values; and

means for processing the plurality of differential values to detect the presence of an edge in said image.

21. The image processing system of claim 20, wherein the means for processing the plurality of differential values includes:

a filter for filtering differential values corresponding to vertically displaced image segments; and

means for comparing a value generated by the filter to an edge detection threshold.

22. The image processing system of claim 20, further comprising:

a video decoder coupled to the means for processing the plurality of differential values; and

means for indicating to the video decoder that an edge is present in encoded video data being processed when the value generated by the filter exceeds the edge detection threshold.

23. The image processing system of claim 22, wherein the differential values are MPEG-2 dc_dct_differential values.

24. A machine readable medium comprising computer executable instructions for controlling a machine to:

identify dc_dct_differential values included in a encoded data representing an image; and

performing an edge detection operation to detect an edge in said image by examining the identified dc_dct_differential values.

25. The machine readable medium of claim 24, wherein the medium further comprises computer executable instructions for controlling a machine to:

filter dc_dct_differential values and to compare a filter output value to an edge detection threshold as part of performing an edge detection operation.