Signalling system

• US 6,624,916 B1
• Filed: 08/11/1999
• Issued: 09/23/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 02/11/1997
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Scientific Generics Limited (Science Group Plc)
• Original Assignee: Quantumbeam Ltd.
• Inventors: Pettigrew, Robert M., Green, Alan E., Morrison, Euan
• Primary Examiner(s): MULLEN, THOMAS J
• Application Number:
  US09/367,223
• Time in Patent Office: 1,504 Days
• Field of Search: 359/169, 359/170, 359/181, 359/515, 359/172, 359/159
• US Class Current: 398/169
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/11 Arrangements specific to free-space transmission, i.e. transmission through air or vacuum
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/1125 using a single common optical path
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 10/1149 Arrangements for indoor wireless networking of information

Abstract

A signalling system includes first and second signalling devices. The first signalling device including a retro-reflector modulator, having a lens, a modulator and a reflector, and being operable to receive, modulate and reflect the modulated signal back to the second signalling device. The second signalling device including a signal generator, a receiver for receiving the modulated signal from the first signalling device and a processor for retrieving modulation data from the received modulated signal. The lens of the first signalling device includes a telecentric lens.

Claims

1. A signalling system comprising first and second signalling devices, wherein:

the first signalling device comprises a retro-reflecting modulator having a telecentric lens, a modulator and a reflector, and the retro-reflecting modulator being operable to receive a signal transmitted from said second signalling device and to modulate and reflect the received signal back to the second signalling device, to transmit a modulated signal to the second signalling device; and

wherein

the second signalling device comprises;

a signal generator operable to generate a signal;

a transmitter operable to transmit the generated signal to said first signalling device;

a receiver operable to receive the modulated signal from said first signalling device; and

a processor operable to retrieve modulation data from the modulated signal.

2. A system according to claim 1, wherein the telecentric lens has a front focal plane and comprises a stop member located substantially at said front focal plane for blocking part of the received signal from reaching said reflector.

3. A system according to claim 2, wherein said telecentric lens comprises a wide angled lens.

4. A system according to claim 1, wherein said modulator is transmissive and is located between said telecentric lens and said reflector.

5. A system according to claim 1, wherein said reflector comprises a mirror.

6. A system according to claim 1, wherein said telecentric lens has a curved or partially curved back focal plane and wherein said reflector is curved or partially curved to match the focal plane of said telecentric lens.

7. A system according to claim 1, wherein said modulator is operable to modulate at least one of the amplitude, phase, frequency or polarisation of the received signal.

8. A system according to claim 1, wherein said modulator comprises said reflector.

9. A system according to claim 1, wherein said received signal comprises light.

10. A system according to claim 9, wherein said modulator comprises a self electro-optic effect device.

11. A system according to claim 9, wherein said modulator comprises an electro-optic modulator.

12. A system according to claim 9, wherein said modulator comprises a liquid crystal modulator.

13. A system according to claim 9, wherein said modulator comprises a micro-mechanical modulator.

14. A system according to claim 9, wherein said signal generator of said second signalling device comprises a laser, a laser diode or a light emitting diode.

15. A system according to claim 9, wherein said signal generator of said second signalling device comprises a laser diode which is operable to output laser light of a predetermined wavelength, and wherein each of said second signalling devices further comprises means for collimating the laser beam output by said laser diode.

16. A system according to claim 9, wherein said modulator comprises a semiconductor electro-optic device.

17. A system according to claim 16, comprising a drive circuit for applying an electric drive signal to said semiconductor electro-optic device, the drive signal varying in dependence upon data to be transmitted from said first signalling device to said second signalling device.

18. A system according to claim 17, wherein said drive circuit is operable to vary a bias voltage applied to said semiconductor electro-optic device in dependence upon the data to be transmitted from said first signalling device to said second signalling device.

19. A system according to claim 18, wherein said drive circuit is operable to vary a light absorption characteristic of the semiconductor electro-optic device.

20. A system according to claim 9, wherein said telecentric lens is operable to focus light transmitted by said second signalling device to a spot on said reflector, and wherein the position of the spot on said reflector depends upon the position of the second signalling device within the field of view of the retro-reflecting modulator.

21. A system according to claim 20, comprising a plurality of second signalling devices each operable to generate a light signal and to transmit the generated light signal to said first signalling device, wherein said modulator of said first signalling device is operable to modulate the received light signals with respective modulation data for the second signalling devices, wherein said reflector of the first signalling device is operable to reflect the modulated signals back to the respective second signalling devices and wherein the respective second signalling devices are operable to receive the light signal which is reflected back from said first signalling device and are operable to retrieve the modulation data from the reflected light signal.

22. A system according to claim 21, wherein said second signalling devices are provided in different positions within the field of view of said retro-reflecting modulator and wherein the retro-reflecting modulator of said first signalling device comprises a plurality of modulators which are arranged so that the light signal from each of said second signalling devices is modulated by a respective different modulator of said plurality.

23. A system according to claim 22, wherein said plurality of modulators are located substantially at a the back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

24. A system according to claim 23, wherein said telecentric lens is arranged so that the spot of the focused light signals substantially corresponds to the size of the corresponding modulator.

25. A system according to claim 1, wherein said second signalling device is operable to transmit a message to said first signalling device by modulating the transmitted signal, and wherein said first signalling device comprises means for retrieving the message from the received signal.

26. A system according to claim 25, wherein said second signalling device is operable to apply a different modulation to said signal from the modulation applied by said modulator of said first signalling device.

27. A system according to claim 25, wherein said first signalling device comprises a detector for detecting the signal transmitted from said second signalling device, and a processor operable to retrieve any messages modulated onto the received signals by the second signalling device.

28. A system according to claim 1, wherein said telecentric lens is operable to receive the signal transmitted from the second signalling device;

wherein said modulator is operable to modulate the received signal with modulation data for the second signalling device, and wherein said reflector is operable to reflect the modulated signal back to the second signalling device.

29. A system according to claim 1, comprising a plurality of second signalling devices each operable to generate a signal and to transmit the generated signal to said first signalling device, wherein said modulator of said first signalling device is operable to modulate the received signals with respective modulation data for the second signalling devices, wherein said reflector of the first signalling device is operable to reflect the modulated signals back to the respective second signalling devices and wherein the respective second signalling devices are operable to receive the modulated signal which is reflected back from said first signalling device and are operable to retrieve the modulation data from the reflected signal.

30. A system according to claim 29, wherein said modulator is operable to apply the same modulation data to the signal received from each second signalling device.

31. A system according to claim 29, wherein the same modulator is used to modulate each of the received signals in a time multiplexed manner.

32. A system according to claim 29, wherein said retro-reflecting modulator comprises a plurality of modulators, at least one for each of said second signalling devices.

33. A system according to claim 32, wherein said plurality of modulators are arranged in an ordered array.

34. A system according to claim 33, wherein said plurality of modulators are arranged in a two-dimensional array.

35. A system according to claim 33, wherein said first signalling device further comprises an array of micro-lenses corresponding to said array of modulators and located adjacent said array of modulators, for increasing the collimation of the signals input to the respective modulators.

36. A system according to claim 33, wherein at least one of said second signalling devices is operable to transmit a message to the first signalling device by modulating the transmitted signal, wherein said first signalling device comprises a plurality of detectors for detecting the signal transmitted from said second signalling devices and means for retrieving the message modulated onto the received signal by the second signalling device, and wherein said plurality of detectors are arranged in an array corresponding to the array of modulators.

37. A system according to claim 36, wherein the corresponding detector and modulator are located adjacent to each other.

38. A system according to claim 36, wherein the array of detectors and the array of modulators are located separately from each other, and wherein the first signalling device further comprises a splitter operable to split the received signals onto the respective modulator/detector arrays.

39. A system according to claim 32, wherein said retro-reflecting modulator comprises more modulators than there are second signalling devices.

40. A system according to claim 39, wherein one or more of said second signalling devices is movable relative to said first signalling device and wherein said retro-reflecting modulator of said first signalling device is operable to re-assign a modulator to said second signalling device in dependence upon the movement of the second signalling device within the field of view of the telecentric lens of the retro-reflecting modulator.

41. A system according to claim 1, wherein said retro-reflecting modulator is operable to reflect the received signal back along a principal axis of the received signal.

42. A signalling system according to claim 1, further comprising a third signalling device for transmitting modulation data to said first signalling device for modulating the signal transmitted from said second signalling device and wherein said first signalling device further comprises means for receiving said modulation data from said third signalling device.

43. A signalling system according to claim 1, wherein said second signalling device is operable to transmit a light beam having a wide beamwidth towards said first signalling device and wherein part of said wide beamwidth light beam is received and reflected back to said second signalling device by said retro-reflecting modulator.

44. A system according to claim 1, wherein said reflector is optically located substantially at a back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

45. A system according to claim 44, wherein said reflector is physically located away from said back focal plane and further comprising an optical guide extending between said back focal plane and said reflector for optically locating said reflector substantially at said back focal plane.

46. A retro-reflector comprising:

a telecentric lens for focusing signals received from a source; and

a reflector, located substantially at a back focal plane of said telecentric lens, operable to reflect said received signals back to said source.

47. A retro-reflector according to claim 46, wherein said telecentric lens comprises a wide angled lens.

48. A retro-reflector according to claim 46, wherein said reflector has a curved or partially curved surface to match the back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

49. A retro-reflector according to claim 46, wherein said reflector comprises a mirror.

50. A retro-reflector according to claim 46, further comprising a modulator for modulating the received signals with modulation data.

51. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, wherein said modulator is transmissive and is located between said telecentric lens and said reflector.

52. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, wherein said modulator is operable to modulate at least one of the amplitude, phase, frequency or polarisation of the received signals.

53. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, wherein said modulator comprises said reflector.

54. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, wherein said modulator comprises a self electro-optic effect device.

55. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, wherein said modulator comprises an electro-optic modulator.

56. A retro-modulator according to claim 50, wherein said modulator comprises a liquid crystal modulator.

57. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, wherein said modulator comprises a micro-mechanical modulator.

58. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, operable to receive signals from a plurality of sources, and wherein said modulator is operable to apply the same modulation data to the signals received from each of said sources.

59. A retro-reflector according to claim 58, wherein the same modulator is used to modulate each of the received signals in a time multiplexed manner.

60. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, wherein said modulator comprises a semiconductor electro-optic device.

61. A retro-reflector according to claim 60, comprising a drive circuit for applying an electric drive signal to said semiconductor electro-optic device, the drive signal varying in dependence upon data to be transmitted to a remote signalling device.

62. A retro-reflector according to claim 61, wherein said drive circuit is operable to vary a bias voltage applied to said semiconductor electro-optic device in dependence upon the data to be transmitted to said remote signalling device.

63. A retro-reflector according to claim 62, wherein said drive circuit is operable to vary a light absorption characteristic of the semiconductor electro-optic device.

64. A retro-reflector according to claim 50, wherein said modulator is located substantially at the back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

65. A retro-reflector according to claim 46, wherein said received signals comprise light.

66. A retro-reflector according to claim 46, operable to receive signals from a plurality of sources and comprising a plurality of modulators each arranged to modulate the signal received from a respective one of said sources.

67. A retro-reflector according to claim 66, wherein said plurality of modulators are arranged in an ordered array.

68. A retro-reflector according to claim 67, wherein said plurality of modulators are arranged in a two-dimensional array.

69. A retro-reflector according to claim 67, further comprising an array of micro-lenses corresponding to said array of modulators and located adjacent said array of modulators, for increasing the collimation of the signals input to the respective modulators.

70. A retro-reflector according to claim 46, further comprising a detector for detecting the received signal and a processor operable to retrieve any message carried by the received signal.

71. A retro-reflector according to claim 46, further comprising a plurality of detectors for detecting the signal received from a plurality of different sources and a processor operable to retrieve any messages modulated onto the received signals by the respective sources.

72. A retro-reflector according to claim 71, operable to receive signals from a plurality of sources and comprising a plurality of modulators arranged in an ordered array and each modulator being arranged to modulate the signal received from a respective one of said sources and wherein said plurality of detectors are arranged in an array corresponding to the array of modulators.

73. A retro-reflector according to claim 72, wherein the corresponding detector and modulator are located adjacent to each other.

74. A retro-reflector according to claim 72, wherein the array of detectors and the array of modulators are located separately from each other, and further comprising a signal splitter operable to split the received signals onto the respective modulator/detector arrays.

75. A retro-reflector comprising a telecentric lens for receiving and focusing light from a light source and a reflecting means located substantially at the focal plane of said telecentric lens for reflecting said light back to said light source.

76. An optical point to multipoint signalling system comprising a first signalling device and a plurality of second signalling devices, wherein:

the first signalling device comprises a retro-reflector operable to receive light beams from the plurality of second signalling devices and to reflect the received light beams back to the respective second signalling devices; and

means for modulating the received light beams with respective modulation data for the second signalling devices; and

wherein each second signalling device comprises a light source for outputting a light beam towards said first signalling device; and

means for receiving the modulated light beam which is reflected back from said first signalling device; and

wherein said retro-reflector comprises a telecentric lens and a reflector.

77. A system according to claim 76, wherein said reflector is optically located substantially at a back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

78. A system according to claim 77, wherein said reflector is physically located away from said back focal plane and further comprising an optical guide extending between said back focal plane and said reflector for optically locating said reflector substantially at said back focal plane.

79. A signalling device for use in a signalling system comprising:

a telecentric lens for focusing signals received from a source;

a reflector operable to reflect said received signals back to said source; and

a modulator for modulating the received signals with modulation data.

80. A signalling kit comprising one or more first signalling devices according to claim 79 and a plurality of second signalling devices, each comprising:

a signal generator operable to generate a signal;

a transmitter operable to transmit the generated signal to said first signalling device;

a receiver for receiving the signal which is reflected back from the first signalling device; and

means for retrieving modulation data from the reflected signal.

81. A data distribution system comprising a retro-reflector having a telecentric lens for focusing signals received from a source;

and a reflector operable to reflect said received signals back to said source.

82. An office communications network comprising a retro-reflector having a telecentric lens for focusing signals received from a source;

and a reflector operable to reflect said received signals back to said source.

83. A signalling method using first and second signalling devices, the method comprising the steps of:

at the first signalling device;

providing a retro-reflecting modulator having a telecentric lens, a modulator and a reflector;

receiving a signal transmitted from said second signalling device; and

modulating and reflecting the received signal back to the second signalling device, to transmit a modulated signal to the second signalling device; and

at said second signalling device;

generating a signal;

transmitting the generated signal to the first signalling device;

receiving the modulated signal from the first signalling device; and

retrieving modulation data from the modulated signal.

84. A signalling system comprising first and second signalling devices, wherein:

the first signalling device comprises a retro-reflecting modulator having a telecentric lens, a modulator and a reflector, and the retro-reflecting modulator being operable to receive a signal transmitted from said second signalling device and to modulate and reflect the received signal back to the second signalling device, to transmit a modulated signal to the second signalling device;

wherein said second signalling device comprises;

means for generating a signal;

means for transmitting the generated signal to said first signalling device;

means for receiving the modulated signal from said first signalling device; and

means for retrieving modulation data from the modulated signal.

85. A system according to claim 84, wherein said reflector is optically located substantially at a back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

86. A system according to claim 85, wherein said reflector is physically located away from said back focal plane and further comprising an optical guide extending between said back focal plane and said reflector for optically locating said reflector substantially at said back focal plane.

87. A signalling system comprising first and second signalling devices, wherein:

the first signalling device comprises;

a telecentric lens for receiving a signal transmitted from the second signalling device;

a modulator for modulating the received signal with modulation data for the second signalling device; and

a reflector for reflecting the modulated signal back to the second signalling device;

wherein said second signalling device comprises a signal generator operable to generate a signal;

a transmitter operable to transmit the generated signal to the first signalling device;

a receiver operable to receive the modulated signal from the first signalling device; and

a processor operable to retrieve the modulation data from the modulated signal.

88. A system according to claim 87, wherein said reflector is optically located substantially at a back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

89. A system according to claim 88, wherein said reflector is physically located away from said back focal plane and further comprising an optical guide extending between said back focal plane and said reflector for optically locating said reflector substantially at said back focal plane.

90. A signalling device for use in a signalling system, the signalling device comprising:

a retro-reflector having;

a telecentric lens operable to focus signals received from a source; and

a reflector operable to reflect said signals focussed by said telecentric lens back to said source.

91. A signalling device according to claim 90, further comprising a modulator operable to modulate the received signals with modulation data.

92. A signalling device according to claim 91, wherein said modulator is transmissive and is located between said telecentric lens and said reflector.

93. A signalling device according to claim 91, wherein said modulator is operable to modulate at least one of the amplitude, phase, frequency or polarisation of the received signals.

94. A signalling according to claim 91, wherein said modulator comprises a self electro-optic effect device.

95. A signalling device according to claim 91, wherein said modulator comprises an electro-optic modulator.

96. A signalling device according to claim 91, wherein said modulator comprises a liquid crystal modulator.

97. A signalling device according to claim 91, wherein said modulator comprises a semiconductor electro-optic device.

98. A signalling device according to claim 97, comprising a drive circuit for applying an electric drive signal to said semiconductor electro-optic device, the drive signal varying in dependence upon data to be transmitted to a remote signalling device.

99. A signalling device according to claim 98, wherein said drive circuit is operable to vary a bias voltage applied to said semiconductor electro-optic device in dependence upon the data to be transmitted to said remote signalling device.

100. A signalling device according to claim 91, operable to receive signals from a plurality of sources, and wherein said modulator is operable to apply the same modulation data to the signals received from each of said sources.

101. A signalling device according to claim 100, wherein the same modulator is used to modulate each of the received signals in a time multiplexed manner.

102. A signalling device according to claim 91, operable to receive signals from a plurality of sources and comprising a plurality of modulators each arranged to modulate the signal received from a respective one of said sources.

103. A signalling device according to claim 102, wherein said plurality of modulators are arranged in an ordered array.

104. A signalling device according to claim 90, further comprising a detector for detecting the received signal and a circuit operable to retrieve any message carried by the received signal.

105. A signalling device according to claim 90, further comprising a plurality of detectors for detecting the signal received from a plurality of different sources and a circuit operable to retrieve any messages modulated onto the received signals by the respective sources.

106. A signalling device according to claim 90, wherein said retro-reflector is operable to reflect the received signal back along a principal axis of the received signal.

107. A signalling device according to claim 90, wherein said reflector is physically located substantially at a back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

108. A signalling device according to claim 90, wherein said reflector is optically located substantially at a back focal plane of said telecentric lens.

109. A signalling device according to claim 108, wherein said reflector is physically located away from said back focal plane and further comprising an optical guide extending between said back focal plane and said reflector for optically locating said reflector substantially at said back focal plane.