Video compression

• US 6,625,221 B2
• Filed: 02/22/2001
• Issued: 09/23/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/17/1994
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Snell and Wilcox Limited (Belden Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Snell and Wilcox Limited (Belden Inc.)
• Inventors: Devlin, Bruce Fairbairn, Knee, Michael James, Wells, Nicholas Dominic
• Primary Examiner(s): Britton, Howard
• Application Number:
  US09/791,498
• Publication Number:
  US 20010031009A1
• Time in Patent Office: 943 Days
• Field of Search: H04/N.736, 375/240.28, 348/423.1, 348/14.13, 348/552
• US Class Current: 375/240.28
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/142 Detection of scene cut or scene change
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/179 the unit being a scene or a shot
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/30 using hierarchical techniques, e.g. scalability H04N19/63 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/39 involving multiple description coding [MDC], i.e. with separate layers being structured as independently decodable descriptions of input picture data
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/40 using video transcoding, i.e. partial or full decoding of a coded input stream followed by re-encoding of the decoded output stream
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/42 characterised by implementation details or hardware specially adapted for video compression or decompression, e.g. dedicated software implementation H04N19/635 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/46 Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process H04N19/517, H04N19/68, H04N19/70 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/87 involving scene cut or scene change detection in combination with video compression

Abstract

An MPEG-2 or other compressed video stream (CP) can be manipulated as separate information bus (IB) and coefficient (CP*) streams. The information bus stream (IB) contains motion vector information but also information derived from a previous decoding operation (14, 18) for use in a subsequent coding operation (22). Processing in the coefficient domain enables bit rate conversion without decoding to the pixel level and also simplifies the combination of MPEG layers.

Claims

1. An information bus generator, comprising timestamp driven timing means;

a macroblock rate information buffer;

a variable length decoder operating on the buffer output to derive coefficient and non-coefficient streams;

means for formatting the non-coefficient stream to provide a first information bus component;

means for monitoring the state of the variable length decoder to provide a second information bus component and means for combining the first and second information bus components to provide an information bus.

2. An MPEG or other video compression decoder including an information bus generator according to claim 1.

3. An information bus encoder comprising a variable length coder for receiving a coefficient stream;

a plurality of parallel paths each serving to interpret and code a piece of information from an information bus and multiplexer means serving to combine all said coded information in a compressed bitstream.

4. An MPEG or other video compression encoder including an information bus encoder according to claim 3.

5. A method of combining a plurality of compressed signals, comprising the steps of variable length decoding each compressed signal;

inverse quantising each such decoded signal to produce a coefficient stream;

combining the coefficient streams to form a combined coefficient stream;

re quantising the combined coefficient stream and variable length coding the re-quantised, combined coefficient stream.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein the compressed signals comprise at least two layers of an SNR profile MPEG-2 signal.

13. A method according to claim 5, wherein the step of combining the coefficient streams comprises the step of delaying one or more of the coefficient streams to ensure synchronism.

14. A method according to claim 13, wherein the step of combining the coefficient streams further comprises the step of adding the synchronized coefficient streams.

7. The method of video signal processing, comprising the steps of variable length decoder a compressed video signal to derive coefficient and noncoefficient streams;

formatting the non-coefficient stream to provide a first information bus component;

monitoring the state of the variable length decoder to provide a second information bus component and combining the first and second information bus components to provide an information bus.

8. A signal transmission process comprising the steps of transmitting a video signal and transmitting synchronously with the video signal an information bus signal, including information derived from a previous decoding operation for use in a subsequent coding operation.

11. A signal transmission process according to claim 8, wherein the information bus carries motion vector information together with at least one piece of information selected from the group consisting of macroblock scan mode;

error concealment flag;

causes for concealment;

numbers of bits used per block; and

candidate motion vectors.

12. A signal transmission process according to claim 8, wherein the information bus carries motion vector information together with at least one piece of information selected from the group consisting of:

motion vector source;

cut detection;

numbers of I, P and B frames remaining in GOP;

film phase (or 3;

2 pulldown) detection;

field or frame like index;

pan vector identification; and

letterbox detection.

9. A signal transmission process comprising the steps of transmitting a video signal and transmitting synchronously with the video signal an information bus signal, including information derived from a pre-processing operation for use in a subsequent coding operation.

17. A signal transmission process according to claim 9, wherein the information bus carries motion vector information together with at least one piece of information selected from the group consisting of macroblock scan mode;

error concealment flag;

causes for concealment;

numbers of bits used per block; and

candidate motion vectors.

19. A signal transmission process according to claim 9, wherein the information bus carries motion vector information together with at least one piece of information from the group consisting of motion vector source;

cut detection;

numbers of I, P and B frames remaining in GOP;

film phase (or 3;

2 pulldown) detection;

field or frame like index;

pan vector identification; and

letterbox detection.

10. A signal transmission process comprising the steps of transmitting a video signal and transmitting synchronously with the video signal an information bus signal, including information derived from a previous decoding operation for use in a post-processing operation.

18. A signal transmission process according to claim 10, wherein the information bus carries motion vector information together with at least one piece of information selected from the group consisting of macroblock scan mode;

error concealment flag;

causes for concealment;

numbers of bits used per block; and

candidate motion vectors.

20. A signal transmission process according to claim 10, wherein the information bus carries motion vector information together with at least one piece of information from the group consisting of motion vector source;

cut detection;

numbers of I, P and B frames remaining in GOP;

film phase (or 3;

2 pulldown) detection;

field or frame like index;

pan vector identification; and

letterbox detection.

15. A method of synchronizing a compressed video signal with a reference signal comprising the steps of:

variable length decoding the compressed signal;

inverse quantizing the such decoded signal to produce a coefficient stream;

delaying the coefficient stream to ensure synchronism with the reference signal;

re-quantizing the synchronized coefficient stream; and

variable length coding the re-quantized, synchronized coefficient stream.

16. A method according to claim 15, wherein the reference signal is a further compressed signal which is to be combined with said compressed signal.