Method and apparatus for removing particulates

• US 6,626,983 B1
• Filed: 06/21/2001
• Issued: 09/30/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 11/25/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: University Court of the University of Dundee (University of Dundee)
• Original Assignee: University Court of the University of Dundee (University of Dundee)
• Inventors: Cairns, James Anthony
• Primary Examiner(s): SMITH, DUANE
• Application Number:
  US09/856,968
• Time in Patent Office: 831 Days
• Field of Search: 952/26, 963/33, 963/37, 963/38, 963/39, 963/40, 963/42, 963/43, 963/44, 963/45, 963/34, 963/35, 963/36
• US Class Current: 95/226
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 47/021 by bubbling the gas through a liquid bath
• CPC Class Codes: F01N 3/04 using liquids
• CPC Class Codes: Y02A 50/2351 Atmospheric particulate matter [PM], e.g. carbon smoke microparticles, smog, aerosol particles, dust
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/12 Improving ICE efficiencies

Abstract

An apparatus for removing particles and/or other undesirable components from a gas stream includes a container containing a liquid, an inlet for the gas stream permitting wetting of at least a portion of the gas stream, and an outlet from the container for cleaned gas. The inlet and/or the outlet includes condensing means for cooling desired fractions of the gas stream and/or cleaned gas. The liquid may be such as to wet the particulates, thereby retaining them in the liquid while the gas passes through the liquid to the outlet. Methods for removing particulates and/or other undesirable components from a gas stream are also provided.

Claims

1. A method of removing particulates and/or other undesirable components from a an exhaust gas stream, comprising wetting by a liquid at least a portion of the exhaust gas stream by blowing the exhaust gas stream onto a surface of the liquid in a container having a splash guard for minimising loss of the liquid from the container in order that the particulates and/or undesirable components are entrapped and/or dissolved in the liquid thereby cleaning the exhaust gas;

and further comprising cooling the exhaust gas stream and/or cleaned exhaust gas to condense desired fractions thereof.

2. A method according to claim 1 wherein the liquid is or is predominantly water.

3. A method according to claim 1 wherein the liquid includes a detergent.

4. A method according to claim 3 wherein the detergent constitutes approximately 1 part in 50,000 of the liquid.

5. A method according to claim 1 wherein the liquid includes antifreeze.

6. A method according to claim 5 wherein the step of cooling takes place in an outlet for cleaned exhaust gas.

7. A method according to claim 1 wherein the splash guard cools the cleaned exhaust gas.

8. A method according to claim 1 wherein the exhaust gas stream is or includes exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine.

9. A method according to claim 8 wherein the exhaust gas is from a compression ignition engine.

10. A method according to claim 1 comprising the further step of filtering the liquid to remove the particulates therefrom.

11. A method according to claim 10 including the further step of further passing a gas stream through the filtered liquid.

12. An apparatus for removing particulates and/or undesirable components from a gas stream, comprising a container suitable for containing a liquid;

an inlet for the gas stream permitting wetting of at least a portion of the gas stream;

a splash guard for minimising loss of the liquid from the container and an outlet from the container for cleaned gas wherein the inlet and/or outlet includes cooling means for condensing desired fractions of the gas stream, and/or cleaned gas.

13. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the liquid is or is predominantly water.

14. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the liquid includes a detergent.

15. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the detergent constitutes approximately 1 part in 50,000 of the liquid.

16. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the liquid includes an antifreeze.

17. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the splash guard includes a perforated plate covering or substantially covering the surface of the liquid.

18. An apparatus according to claim 17 wherein the plate includes plural perforations.

19. An apparatus according to claim 18 including a wire mesh overlying the surface of the liquid.

20. An apparatus according to claim 19 wherein the wire mesh overlies the perforated plate.

21. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the outlet for cleaned gas includes a pipe containing a wire mesh.

22. An apparatus according to claim 12 including a cooler for the outlet for cleaned gas.

23. An apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the cooler is or includes one or more cooling pipes surrounding or within the outlet and having flowing therein a cold fluid.

24. An apparatus according to claim 22 wherein the cooler includes a mesh of thermally conducting material in the outlet, for condensing gas in the outlet.

25. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the inlet for the gas stream includes a pipe, connected to a source of the gas stream, at least partially submerged in the liquid and including one or more apertures permitting passage of the gas stream through the liquid.

26. An apparatus according to claim 25 wherein the aggregate surface area defined by the apertures in the pipe generally are equal to or greater than the transverse cross-sectional area of the pipe.

27. An apparatus according to claim 26 wherein the area comprising the apertures is generally spheroidal in shape.

28. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the inlet for the gas stream includes a pipe arranged such that the gas stream is blown onto the surface of the liquid.

29. An apparatus according to claim 13 including a filter for filtering of particulates from the liquid.

30. An apparatus according to claim 29 wherein the container includes one or more apertures for filling it with and emptying it of the liquid, thereby permitting use of the filter remotely of the container and return of the filtered liquid to the container.

31. An apparatus according to claim 12 including a particulate detecting device, operatively connected to monitoring apparatus, in the outlet for cleaned gas.

32. An apparatus according to claim 12 including a filter in the outlet for cleaned gas.

33. An apparatus according to claim 32 wherein the filter is a ceramic filter.

34. An apparatus according to claim 12 wherein the container is generally hemispherical or spheroidal.

35. An apparatus according to claim 12 further comprising an ozone generator for providing ozone to the container in order to react with undesirable components of the gas stream to reduce or substantially eliminate said undesirable components from being passed out of the container with the cleaned gas.

36. An apparatus according to claim 35 wherein the undesirable components are selected from nitric oxide and/or polynuclear hydrocarbons.