Composition and emulsifier

• US 6,630,596 B2
• Filed: 03/01/2002
• Issued: 10/07/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: AECI Limited
• Original Assignee: Chemical Services Limited (AECI Limited)
• Inventors: Boer, Willem George
• Primary Examiner(s): SOLOLA, TAOFIQ A
• Application Number:
  US10/087,468
• Publication Number:
  US 20020182170A1
• Time in Patent Office: 585 Days
• Field of Search: 549/253, 549/321, 549/323, 516/29, 516/72, 443/51
• US Class Current: 549/253
• CPC Class Codes: C06B 47/145 Water in oil emulsion type explosives in which a carbonaceous fuel forms the continuous phase
• CPC Class Codes: C07D 307/60 Two oxygen atoms, e.g. succinic anhydride
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 23/00 Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
• CPC Class Codes: C09K 23/16 Amines or polyamines

Abstract

The invention relates to an adduct of polyalk(en)yl succinic anhydride and a compound of formula (I): wherein R₁ is hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, hydroxyhydrocarbyl, carbamyl, 1-acetyl, amino, or nitro; R₂ is hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, hydroxyhydrocarbyl, carbamyl, 1-acetyl, amino, or nitro; R₃ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; and X is O, S or NH; or a derivative of such an adduct. The invention also relates to an emulsifier comprising such an adduct or derivative, and the invention also relates to compositions including such an emulsifier.

Claims

1. An adduct of polyalk(en)yl succinic anhydride and a compound of formula I:

wherein

R₁ is hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, hydroxyhydrocarbyl, carbamyl, 1-acetyl, amino, or nitro;

R₂ is hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, hydroxyhydrocarbyl, carbamyl, 1-acetyl, amino, or nitro;

R₃ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; and

X is O, S, or NH;

or a derivative of such an adduct.

2. The adduct or derivative thereof of claim 1 wherein the compound of formula I is guanidine or nitroguanidine.

3. The adduct or derivative thereof of claim 1 wherein the compound of formula I is thiourea.

4. The adduct or derivative thereof of claim 1 wherein X in formula I is O.

5. The adduct or derivative thereof of claim 4 wherein the compound of formula I is selected from the group consisting of urea (H₂NCONH₂), hydroxyurea (HONHCONH₂), methylurea (CH₃NHCONH₂), methylolurea (HOCH₂NHCONH₂), biuret (NH₂CONHCONH₂), triuret (NH₂CONHCONHCONH₂), and semicarbazide (aminourea or NH₂CONHNH₂).

6. The adduct or derivative thereof of claim 5 wherein the compound of formula I is urea.

7. The adduct or derivative thereof of any one of claims 1-5 wherein the polyalk(en)yl succinic anhydride is polyisobutenyl succinic anhydride (PIBSA).

8. The adduct or derivative thereof of claim 7 wherein the PIBSA has a molecular weight from about 950 to about 1200.

9. The adduct or derivative thereof of claim 1 wherein the polyalk(en)yl succinic anhydride is PIBSA and the compound of formula I is urea.

10. The adduct or derivative thereof of claim 1 wherein the compound of formula I and the polyalk(en)yl succininic anhydride are reacted in a molar ratio from 0.5:

1 to 1;

1.

11. An emulsifier comprising an adduct or derivative thereof of claim 1.

12. The emulsifier of claim 11 which is an emulsifier for water and oil emulsion explosive compositions.

13. An emulsion comprising an emulsifier of claims 11 or 12.

14. An emulsion comprising a discontinuous liquid phase containing an oxygen supplying component;

a continuous liquid phase of an organic medium; and

an emulsifier of claims 11 or 12.

15. The emulsion of claim 14 wherein the discontinuous phase comprises an aqueous phase in the form of an oxidiser salt dissolved in water.

16. The emulsion of claim 15 wherein the organic medium comprises an oil.

17. An explosive composition comprising a mixture of a dry explosive or oxidising salt;

and an emulsion of claim 16.

18. A method for emulsifying a mixture of at least two immiscible liquids comprising mixing the immiscible liquids with an adduct or a derivative of claim 1.

19. The method of claim 18 wherein a first liquid phase contains an oxygen supplying component;

and a second liquid phase is an organic medium.

20. The method of claim 19 wherein the first liquid phase comprises an aqueous phase of an oxidiser salt dissolved in water.

21. The method of claim 19 wherein the organic medium comprises an oil.

22. A method of preparing a compound comprising reacting polyalk(en)yl succinic anhydride with a compound of formula I:

wherein

R₁ is hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, hydroxyhydrocarbyl, carbamyl, 1-acetyl, amino, or nitro;

R₂ is hydrogen, hydroxyl, hydrocarbyl, hydroxyhydrocarbyl, carbamyl, 1-acetyl, amino, or nitro;

R₃ is hydrogen or hydrocarbyl; and

X is O, S, or NH.