Perceptual modeling of media signals based on local contrast and directional edges

• US 6,631,198 B1
• Filed: 06/19/2000
• Issued: 10/07/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/19/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Original Assignee: Digimarc Corporation
• Inventors: Reed, Alastair M., Hannigan, Brett T., Bradley, Brett A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Jayanti K.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TABATABAI, ABOLFAZL
• Application Number:
  US09/596,658
• Time in Patent Office: 1,205 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 382/232, 382/274, 380/54, 380/210, 380/252, 380/287, 380/51, 713/176, 713/179, 370/527, 348/461, 348/463, 725/20, 725/22, 704/273
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 1/0028 Adaptive watermarking, e.g. Human Visual System [HVS]-based watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: G06T 2201/0202 whereby the quality of watermarked images is measured; Measuring quality or performance of watermarking methods; Balancing between quality and robustness

Abstract

A perceptual model performs an analysis of a media signal, such as an image or audio signal. The model may be used in media signal processing applications such as digital watermarking and data compression to reduce perceptibility of changes made to code the signal. For image applications, the model computes the sensitivity of an image to changes based upon local image contrast, while taking into account the sensitivity of connected directional edges. By comparing the local image strength of various directionally filtered versions of the image, the model creates a directional control vector. This control vector may be used to reduce changes to an image in text and edge regions, and thus, avoid perceptible artifacts in those regions. The model takes into account the local contrast of the image and the directional control vector to create a gain vector. Using the local contrast measurements, the model follows the eye'"'"'s nonlinear response to contrast discrimination.

Claims

1. A method for perceptual modeling of a media signal comprising:

analyzing the media signal to compute measures of local contrast at samples within the media signal;

based at least in part on the measures of local contrast, computing a measure of visual sensitivity to changes of the media signal at the samples, including applying a human visual model that relates local contrast to visual sensitivity; and

based at least in part on the measure of visual sensitivity, controlling the strength with which a digital watermark signal is embedded in the media signal, wherein the measure of visual sensitivity comprises a control vector to control the strength with which the digital watermark signal is embedded in the media signal.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the human visual model comprises a non-linear function that maps local contrast to a corresponding measure of visual sensitivity.

3. The method of claim 1 including:

computing control data used to control changes to the media signal at the samples in a manner that reduces perceptibility of the changes.

4. A computer readable medium having software for performing the method of claim 1.

5. The method of claim 1, wherein the digital watermark signal is embedded in at least one of a Discrete Cosine Transform domain and Discrete Wavelet Transform domain.

6. The method of claim 1, wherein the control vector comprises a gain vector to control the strength of corresponding groups of samples of the digital watermark signal.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein elements of the control vector corresponding to less sensitive image areas increases the digital watermark signal strength, while elements of the control vector corresponding to more sensitive areas decreases the digital watermark signal strength.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein the control vector corresponds to at least one sample of the media signal in a transform domain.

9. A method for perceptual modeling of a media signal comprising:

analyzing the media signal to compute measures of local contrast at samples within the media signal;

based at least in part on the measures of local contrast, computing a measure of visual sensitivity to changes of the media signal at the samples, including applying a human visual model that relates local contrast to visual sensitivity; and

based at least in part on the measure of visual sensitivity, controlling the strength with which a digital watermark signal is embedded in the media signal, wherein the samples within the media signal comprise a neighborhood around a media signal sample.

10. A method for perceptual modeling of a media signal comprising:

analyzing the media signal to compute measures of local contrast at samples within the media signal;

based at least in part on the measures of local contrast, computing a measure of visual sensitivity to changes of the media signal at the samples, including applying a human visual model that relates local contrast to visual sensitivity; and

based at least in part on the measure of visual sensitivity, controlling the strength with which a digital watermark signal is embedded in the media signal, wherein the measure of visual sensitivity comprises a spatial resolution for a block of pixels.