Storage pressure and heat management system for bulk transfers of cryogenic liquids

• US 6,631,615 B2
• Filed: 10/31/2001
• Issued: 10/14/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 10/13/2000
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Chart Incorporated (Chart Industries Incorporated)
• Original Assignee: Chart Incorporated (Chart Industries Incorporated)
• Inventors: Drube, Thomas K., Emmer, Claus
• Primary Examiner(s): Esquivel, Denise L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): Drake, Malik N.
• Application Number:
  US10/002,074
• Publication Number:
  US 20020157402A1
• Time in Patent Office: 713 Days
• Field of Search: 62/492, 62/501, 62/502, 62/504, 62/532
• US Class Current: 62/50.4
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 13/025 having the pressure as the parameter
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 13/026 having the temperature as the parameter
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2201/0104 cylindrical
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2201/035 with substantially horizontal main axis
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2201/054 medium (>1 m3)
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2203/0391 by vacuum
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2203/0619 with two layers
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0323 Valves
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0326 electrically actuated
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0355 Insulation thereof
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2205/0364 flexible or articulated, e.g. a hose
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/011 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/012 Hydrogen
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/014 Nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/016 Noble gases (Ar, Kr, Xe)
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2221/033 Methane, e.g. natural gas, CNG, LNG, GNL, GNC, PLNG
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/0161 cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/033 Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2223/046 in the liquid
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2225/0161 cryogenic, e.g. LNG, GNL, PLNG
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2225/033 : Small pressure, e.g. for liquefied gas
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2225/035 : High pressure, i.e. between 10 and 80 bars
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2225/043 : in the gas
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0121 : by gravity
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0142 : with specified pump type, e.g. piston or impulsive type
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0304 : using an electric heater
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0311 : Air heating
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0374 : in the liquid
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2227/0388 : separate
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/01 : Intermediate tanks
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/032 : using computers
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/034 : using wireless transmissions
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0408 : Level of content in the vessel
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/043 : Pressure
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/0439 : Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2250/075 : when full
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2260/024 : Improving metering
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2260/031 : due to heat transfer
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2265/022 : identical fluid
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2265/032 : by recovery
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2265/065 : for refuelling vehicle fuel tanks
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0139 : Fuel stations
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0171 : Trucks
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0176 : Buses
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 2270/0178 : Cars
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 5/007 : for individual gas tanks or containers, e.g. in vehicles filling with liquid fuel not under pressure, B60S5/02, B67D7/00
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 5/02 : for filling with liquefied gases
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 6/00 : Methods and apparatus for filling vessels not under pressure with liquefied or solidified gases
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 7/04 : with change of state, e.g. vaporisation
• CPC Class Codes: F17C 9/00 : Methods or apparatus for discharging liquefied or solidified gases from vessels not under pressure
• CPC Class Codes: Y02E 60/32 : Hydrogen storage

Abstract

A system for transferring and conditioning a cryogenic liquid includes a replenishing tank containing a supply of cryogenic liquid, a bulk tank and a pump positioned there between. The pump causes a stream of the cryogenic liquid to flow from the replenishing tank to the bulk storage tank. A heat exchanger and parallel by-pass line are positioned between the pump and bulk storage tank. A flow control valve diverts a portion of the stream to the heat exchanger so that it is warmed and rejoined with the remaining cryogenic liquid flowing through the flow control valve. The warmed stream then flows to the bulk storage tank. The flow control valve is adjusted based upon pressures within the bulk storage tank via a pressure line in communication with the head space of the bulk storage tank and a pneumatic controller or a pressure sensor in the bulk tank head space and a programmable logic controller.

Claims

1. A system for transferring and conditioning cryogenic liquid comprising:

a) a replenishing tank containing a supply of cryogenic liquid;

b) a bulk storage tank;

c) a pump in circuit between said replenishing and bulk storage tanks so that a stream of cryogenic liquid flows from the replenishing tank to the bull storage tank when the pump is operated;

d) a heat exchanger in circuit between said replenishing and bulk storage tanks;

e) a by-pass line in circuit between said replenishing and bulk storage tanks and in parallel with said heat exchanger;

f) a flow control valve in communication with said by-pass line and said heat exchanger, said flow control valve adjustable to direct a portion of the cryogenic liquid stream to the heat exchanger so that it is warmer and rejoined with a remaining portion of the stream passing through the by-pass line;

g) means for detecting pressures within said bulk tank, said means for detecting pressure in communication with the flow control valve; and

h) means for automatically adjusting said flow control valve, said means for automatically adjusting the flow control valve in communication with the means for detecting pressures and the flow control valve so that said flow control valve is adjusted based upon the pressures detected within said bulk storage tank so that said bulk storage tank is ultimately filled with saturated cryogenic liquid at a predetermined pressure.

2. The system of claim 1 wherein said replenishing tank is a tank of a delivery truck and further comprising a coupling in circuit between the replenishing tank and the pump.

3. The system of claim 1 wherein said replenishing tank is a transfer tank that is fixed to the system.

4. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for detecting pressures within said bulk tank includes a pressure line in communication with a head space of said bulk storage tank and said means for automatically adjusting said flow control valve includes a pneumatic controller in communication with the pressure line and operatively engaging said flow control valve.

5. The system of claim 1 wherein said means for detecting pressures within said bulk storage tank includes a pressure sensor in communication with a head space of said bulk storage tank and said means for automatically adjusting said flow control valve includes a programmable controller in communication with the pressure sensor and an automatic actuator in communication with the programmable controller and operatively engaging said flow control valve.

6. The system of claim 5 wherein said programmable controller is also in communication with said pump and adjusts an operating speed of said pump based upon pressures detected within said bulk storage tank.

7. The system of claim 1 wherein said heat exchanger is an ambient heat exchanger.

8. The system of claim 1 wherein said heat exchanger and said by-pass line are positioned between said pump and said replenishing tank.

9. The system of claim 1 further comprising a dispensing line in communication with said bulk storage tank.

10. The system of claim 1 wherein said flow control valve is positioned within said by-pass line.

11. A system for conditioning cryogenic liquid comprising:

a) a replenishing tank containing a supply of cryogenic liquid;

b) a bulk storage tank;

c) means for transferring the cryogenic liquid from the replenishing tank to the bulk storage tank;

d) means for heating cryogenic liquid in circuit between the replenishing tank and the bulk storage tank;

e) means for selectively directing a portion of the cryogenic liquid from the replenishing tank to the means for heating;

f) means for mixing the heated cryogen with a remaining portion of the cryogenic liquid as it is transferred from the replenishing tank to the bulk storage tank; and

g) means for detecting pressures within said bulk storage tank in communication with the means for selectively directing and adjusting the means for selectively directing based upon the pressures detected within the bulk storage tank so that the bulk storage tank is ultimately filled with saturated cryogenic liquid at a predetermined pressure.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein said means for detecting pressures within said bulk storage tank includes a pressure line in communication with ahead space of said bulk storage tank and said means for selectively directing includes a flow valve in parallel with the means for heating and a pneumatic controller in communication with the pressure line and operatively engaging said flow control valve.

13. The system of claim 11 wherein said means for detecting pressures within said bulk storage tank includes a pressure sensor in communication with a head space of said bulk storage tank and said means for selectively directing includes a flow valve in parallel with the means for heating, a programmable controller in communication with the pressure sensor and an automatic actuator in communication with the programmable controller and operatively engaging said flow control valve.

14. The system of claim 13 wherein said programmable controller is also in communication with said means for transferring.

15. The system of claim 11 wherein said means for heating is a heat exchanger.

16. The system of claim 11 further comprising a dispensing line in communication with said bulk storage tank.

17. The system of claim 11 wherein said means for transferring is a pump.

18. The system of claim 11 wherein said means for selectively directing is a flow control valve.

19. A method for conditioning cryogenic liquid and simultaneously transferring it from a replenishing tank to a bulk storage tank comprising the steps of:

a) pumping the cryogenic liquid so that a stream of cryogenic liquid flowing from the replenishing tank to the bulk storage tank occurs;

b) detecting a pressure within the bulk storage tank and communicating the pressure detected to a flow control valve;

c) selectively heating a portion of the stream of cryogenic liquid based upon the pressure detected within the bulk storage tank so that heated cryogen is produced; and

d) mixing the heated cryogen with a remaining portion of the stream so that a heated cryogenic liquid stream flows into the bulk storage tank thus increasing the pressure therein.

20. The method of claim 19 further comprising the step of temporarily placing the replenishing tank in communication with the bulk storage tank.