Series regenerative braking torque control systems and methods

• US 6,631,960 B2
• Filed: 11/28/2001
• Issued: 10/14/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 11/28/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Vitesco Technologies USA, LLC (INA-Holding Schaeffler GmbH & Co. KG)
• Original Assignee: Ballard Power Systems Corporation (Siemens AG)
• Inventors: Reddy, Vinod, Grand, Kerry Eden
• Primary Examiner(s): Schwartz, Christopher P.
• Assistant Examiner(s): TORRES WILLIAMS, MELANIE
• Application Number:
  US09/683,171
• Publication Number:
  US 20030132664A1
• Time in Patent Office: 685 Days
• Field of Search: 303/152, 303/163, 303/164, 303/165, 303/3, 701/108, 320/134, 180/65.2, 180/65.7, 180/65.8, 180/65.3
• US Class Current: 303/152
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2009 for braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/12 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/421 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/461 Speed
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/463 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/28 Accelerator pedal thresholds
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/108 whilst braking, i.e. ABS
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 50/51 characterised by AC-motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/14 for vehicles propelled by ac motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/26 Controlling the braking effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 1/10 by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 13/665 the systems being specially adapted for transferring two or more command signals, e.g. railway systems B60T13/662 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/603 ASR features related thereto
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/70 Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 90/16 Information or communication technologies improving the operation of electric vehicles

Abstract

Regenerative braking systems and methods for use in an electric vehicle, such as a battery-powered vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, and a hybrid electric vehicle, including an electric motor system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle, a traction controller operable for controlling the electric motor system, a brake system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle, and a brake controller operable for controlling the brake system. Traction functions are strictly allocated to the traction controller, braking functions are strictly allocated to the brake controller, and the brake controller is subordinated to the traction controller. The regenerative braking systems and methods also including a communications system operable for transferring information between the traction controller and the brake controller.

Claims

1. A regenerative braking system for use in an electric vehicle, the regenerative braking system comprising:

an electric motor system operable to generate torque to drive and control the electric vehicle;

a traction controller coupled to receive a vehicle speed input from a vehicle speed sensor and operable to control the electric motor system and to produce a percentage multiplier based on the vehicle speed input;

a brake system operable to generate torque to drive and control the electric vehicle; and

a brake controller coupled to receive the percentage multiplier from the traction controller and operable to control the brake system.

2. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein traction functions are strictly allocated to the traction controller.

3. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein braking functions are strictly allocated to the brake controller.

4. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, further comprising a communications system operable to transfer information between the traction controller and the brake controller.

5. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the brake controller is subordinate to the traction controller.

6. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the traction controller further comprises a percentage multiplier module disposed within the traction controller, the percentage multiplier module operable to generate the percentage multiplier.

7. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the traction controller is operable to generate a torque demand.

8. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the traction controller is operable to generate a maximum regenerative limit.

9. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the brake controller is coupled to receive a brake pedal input.

10. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the brake controller further comprises a limit check module disposed within the brake controller, the limit check module operable to perform a torque limit check in order to maintain a maximum regenerative limit generated by the traction controller.

11. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the brake controller is operable to generate a final brake torque.

12. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the brake controller is operable to generate a torque modification request.

13. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, wherein the electric vehicle comprises an electric vehicle selected from the group consisting of a battery-powered vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, and a hybrid electric vehicle.

14. The regenerative braking system of claim 1, further comprising wires coupled between the brake controller and the brake system to carry signals to control the brake system in response to the brake controller.

15. A regenerative braking system for use in an electric vehicle, the regenerative braking system comprising:

an electric motor system operable to generate torque to drive and control the electric vehicle;

a traction controller operable to control the electric motor system wherein the traction controller comprises;

a percentage multiplier module disposed within the traction controller wherein the percentage multiplier module is operable to generate a percentage multiplier utilizing a piecewise-linear transfer function;

a brake system operable to generate torque to drive and control the electric vehicle; and

a brake controller operable to control the brake system.

16. The regenerative braking system of claim 15, wherein the brake controller is operable to incorporate the percentage multiplier generated by the traction controller.

17. A regenerative braking system for use in an electric vehicle, the regenerative braking system comprising:

an electric motor system operable to generate torque to drive and control the electric vehicle;

a traction controller operable to control the electric motor system wherein the traction controller comprises;

a percentage multiplier module disposed within the traction controller wherein the percentage multiplier module is operable to generate a percentage multiplier utilizing a piecewise-linear transfer function and wherein the piecewise-linear transfer function is approximately 0% below a predetermined maximum creep speed limit;

a brake system operable to generate torque to drive and control the electric vehicle; and

a brake controller operable to control the brake system.

18. A regenerative braking system for use in an electric vehicle, the regenerative braking system comprising:

an electric motor system operable to generate torque to drive and control the electric vehicle;

a traction controller operable to control the electric motor system wherein the traction controller comprises;

a percentage multiplier module disposed within the traction controller wherein the percentage multiplier module is operable to generate a percentage multiplier utilizing a piecewise-linear transfer function and wherein the piecewise-linear transfer function is 100% above double a predetermined maximum creep speed limit;

a brake system operable to generate torque to drive and control the electric vehicle; and

a brake controller operable to control the brake system.

19. A regenerative braking method for use in an electric vehicle, the regenerative braking method comprising:

receiving a vehicle speed input at a traction controller from a vehicle speed sensor;

producing a percentage multiplier at the traction controller based on the vehicle speed input;

controlling an electric motor system by the traction controller to drive and control the electric vehicle;

providing a brake system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle;

receiving the percentage multiplier at a brake controller from the traction controller; and

controlling a brake system by the brake controller to drive and control the electric vehicle.

20. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising strictly allocating traction functions to the traction controller.

21. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising strictly allocating braking functions to the brake controller.

22. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising transferring information between the traction controller and the brake controller.

23. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising subordinating the brake controller to the traction controller.

24. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising generating a torque demand utilizing the traction controller.

25. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising generating a maximum regenerative limit utilizing the traction controller.

26. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising providing a brake pedal input to the brake controller.

27. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising incorporating a percentage multiplier generated by the traction controller into the brake controller.

28. The regenerative braking method of claims 19, further comprising performing a torque limit check utilizing a limit check module disposed within the brake controller in order to maintain a maximum regenerative limit generated by the traction controller.

29. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising generating a final brake torque utilizing the brake controller.

30. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising generating a torque modification request utilizing the brake controller.

31. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, wherein the electric vehicle comprises an electric vehicle selected from the group consisting of a battery-powered vehicle, a fuel cell vehicle, and a hybrid electric vehicle.

32. The regenerative braking method of claim 19, further comprising transmitting control signals from the brake controller to the brake system by wire.

33. A regenerative braking method for use in an electric vehicle the regenerative braking method, comprising:

providing an electric motor system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle,

providing a traction controller operable for controlling the electric motor system,

generating a percentage multiplier utilizing a percentage multiplier module disposed within the traction controller wherein generating the percentage multiplier comprises;

utilizing a piecewise-linear transfer functions;

providing a brake system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle; and

providing a brake controller operable for controlling the brake system.

34. A regenerative braking method for use in an electric vehicle the regenerative braking method comprising:

providing an electric motor system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle;

providing a traction controller operable for controlling the electric motor system,

generating a percentage multiplier utilizing a percentage multiplier module disposed within the traction controller wherein generating the percentage multiplier comprises;

utilizing a piecewise-linear transfer function wherein the piecewise-linear transfer function is approximately 0% below a predetermined maximum creep speed limit,

providing a brake system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle; and

providing a brake controller operable for controlling the brake system.

35. A regenerative braking method for use in an electric vehicle, the regenerative braking method comprising:

providing an electric motor system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle;

providing a traction controller operable for controlling the electric motor system;

generating a percentage multiplier utilizing a percentage multiplier module disposed within the traction controller wherein generating the percentage multiplier comprises;

utilizing a piecewise-linear transfer function wherein the piecewise-linear transfer function is 100% above double a predetermined maximum creep speed limit;

providing a brake system operable for generating torque to drive and control the electric vehicle; and

providing a brake controller operable for controlling the brake system.