Implantable osmotic pump
First Claim
1. An implantable osmotic pump for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a patient, comprising:
- an osmotic engine;
a substantially toroidal compartment adapted to store a pharmaceutical agent, and a piston disposed within the compartment, the osmotic engine being configured to cause the piston to travel within the compartment and deliver the pharmaceutical agent when the pump is implanted in the patient.
1 Assignment
0 Petitions
Accused Products
Abstract
An implantable osmotic pump for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a patient includes an osmotic engine, a substantially toroidal compartment disposed at least partially around the osmotic engine and a piston disposed within the compartment. The osmotic engine is configured to cause the piston to travel within the compartment and deliver a dose pharmaceutical agent contained within the compartment when the pump is implanted in an aqueous environment. A dose escalation assembly may be fitted to the pump, the dose escalation assembly being adapted to selectively increase the rate at which the pharmaceutical agent is delivered from the pump.
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Citations
99 Claims
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1. An implantable osmotic pump for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a patient, comprising:
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an osmotic engine;
a substantially toroidal compartment adapted to store a pharmaceutical agent, and a piston disposed within the compartment, the osmotic engine being configured to cause the piston to travel within the compartment and deliver the pharmaceutical agent when the pump is implanted in the patient. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57)
a first impermeable membrane configured to enable water from the patient to reach the osmotic engine through a first fluid path only after being breached, and a second impermeable membrane configured to enable water from the patient to reach the osmotic engine through a second fluid path only after being breached, the first path being distinct from the second path.
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19. The pump of claim 18, wherein the first and second impermeable membranes are disposed in the membrane enclosure in a stacked configuration wherein the first impermeable membrane must be breached before the second impermeable membrane can be breached.
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20. The pump of claim 18, wherein the first fluid path includes a first semipermeable membrane and wherein the second fluid path includes a second semipermeable membrane that is distinct from the first semipermeable membrane.
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21. The pump of claim 20, wherein the pump is configured to deliver a first dose of the pharmaceutical agent to the patient at a selected first infusion rate and a second dose of the pharmaceutical agent to the patient at a selected second infusion rate that is greater than the first infusion rate, the selected first and second infusion rates being related to at least one of a thickness, a composition and a surface area of the first and second semipermeable membranes, respectively.
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22. The pump of claim 1, wherein the osmotic engine includes a hygroscopic salt.
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23. The pump of claim 1, wherein the osmotic engine includes an absorbent polymer.
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24. The pump system of claim 23, wherein the absorbent polymer includes a material selected from a group including poly(acrylic acid), potassium salt;
- poly(acrylic acid), sodium salt;
poly(acrylic acid-co-acrylamide), potassium salt;
poly(acrylic acid), sodium salt-graft-poly(ethylene oxide);
poly (2-hydroxethyl methacrylate);
poly(2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate) and poly(isobutylene-co-maleic acid) or derivatives thereof.
- poly(acrylic acid), sodium salt;
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25. The pump of claim 1, wherein the compartment has a substantially constant inner diameter over a length thereof.
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26. The pump of claim 1, wherein the compartment has a non-constant inner diameter over a length thereof.
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27. The pump of claim 2, wherein the tube is coiled at least twice around the osmotic engine.
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28. The pump of claim 2, further comprising an epoxy layer encasing at least the tube.
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29. The pump of claim 2, wherein the tube includes polyimid.
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30. The pump of claim 2, wherein the tube defines a proximal end adjacent the osmotic engine and a distal end at an end opposite the proximal end, and wherein the pump further includes a catheter coupled to the distal end.
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31. The pump of claim 30, wherein the catheter and the pump are dimensioned to infuse a volume of up to about 20 μ
- L/day over a treatment period.
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32. The pump of claim 30, wherein the catheter and the pump are dimensioned to infuse a dose of Sufentanil of up to 1500 μ
- g/day over a treatment period.
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33. The pump of claim 30, wherein the catheter includes a radiopaque tip.
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34. The pump of claim 1, wherein the piston includes one of a sphere, an elastomeric cylinder and an elastomeric conical section.
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35. The pump of claim 34, wherein the piston includes at least one of stainless steel, a refractory metal, plastic, nylon and rubber.
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36. The pump of claim 1, wherein the compartment is pre-loaded with a volume of the pharmaceutical agent.
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37. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent is therapeutically effective for at least one therapy selected from pain therapy, hormone therapy, gene therapy, angiogenic therapy, anti-tumor therapy, chemotherapy, allergy therapy, hypertension therapy, antibiotic therapy, bronchodilation therapy, asthmatic therapy, arrhythmia therapy, nootropic therapy, cytostatic and metastasis inhibition therapy, migraine therapy, gastrointestinal therapy, schizophrenia therapy, depression therapy, stress therapy and/or other pharmaceutical therapies.
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38. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an opioid.
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39. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes at least one of a morphine-like agonist, a partial agonist, an agonist-antagonist and an alpha 2-adrenoreceptor agonist.
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40. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes at least one agent selected from a group including morphine, hydromorphone, levorphanol, methadone, fentanyl, sufentanil, buprenorphine, pentazocine and butorphanol.
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41. The pump of claim 40, wherein the sufentanil is at a concentration up to about 500,000 μ
- g/mL.
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42. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an agent selected from a group including Dihydrocodeine, Hydromorphone, Morphine, Diamorphine, Levorphanol, Butorphanol, Alfentanil, Pentazocine, Buprenorphine, Nefopam, Dextropropoxyphene, Flupirtine, Tramadol, Oxycodone, Metamizol, Propyphenazone, Phenazone, Nifenazone, Paracetamol, Phenylbutazone, Oxyphenbutazone, Mofebutazone, Acetyl Salicylic Acid, Diflunisal, Flurbiprofen, Ibuprofen, Diclofenac, Ketoprofen, Indomethacin, Naproxen, Meptazinol, Methadone, Pethidine, Hydrocodone, Meloxicam, Fenbufen, Mefenamic Acid, Piroxicam, Tenoxicam, Azapropazone, Codein, Bupivacaine, Ketamine, Meperidine and DADL.
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43. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an agent that is an alpha-2 adrenergetic agonist selected from a group including Clonidine, Tizadine, ST-91, Medetomidine, Dexmedetomidine and related alpha-2 adrenergetic agonists.
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44. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an agent that is an NMDA receptor agonist selected from a group including Dexmethorphan, Ifenprodil, MK-801, and related NMDA agonists.
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45. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an agent that is a somatostatin analog selected from a group including Octreotide, Sandostatin, Vapreotide, Lanreotide, and related Somatostatin analogs.
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46. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an agent that is a non-opioid analgesic selected from a group including Ketorolac, super oxide dismutase, baclofen, calcitonin, serotonin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, bombesin, omega-conopeptides, and related non-opioid analgesics.
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47. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an anti-allergic agent selected from a group including Pheniramine, Dimethindene, Terfenadine, Astemizole, Tritoqualine, Loratadine, Doxylamine, Mequitazine, Dexchlorpheniramine, Triprolidine and Oxatomide.
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48. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an anti-hypertensive agent selected from a group including Clonidine, Moxonidine, Methyldopa, Doxazosin, Prazosin, Urapidil, Terazosin, Minoxidil, Dihydralalzin, Deserpidine, Acebutalol, Alprenolol, Atenolol, Metoprolol, Bupranolol, Penbutolol, Propranolol, Esmolol, Bisoprolol, Ciliprolol, Sotalol, Metipranolol, Nadolol, Oxprenolol, Nifedipine, Nicardipine, Verapamil, Diltiazim, Felodipine, Nimodipine, Flunarizine, Quinapril, Lisinopril, Captopril, Ramipril, Fosinoprol and Enalapril.
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49. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an antibiotic agent selected from a group including Democlocycline, Doxycycline, Lymecycline, Minocycline, Oxytetracycline, Tetracycline, Sulfametopyrazine, Ofloaxcin, Ciproflaxacin, Aerosoxacin, Amoxycillin, Ampicillin, Becampicillin, Piperacillin, Pivampicillin, Cloxacillin, Penicillin V, Flucloxacillin, Erythromycin, Metronidazole, Clindamycin, Trimethoprim, Neomycin, Cefaclor, Cefadroxil, Cefixime, Cefpodoxime, Cefuroxine, Cephalexin and Cefradine.
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50. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes a bronchodialotors and anti-asthmatic agents selected from a group including:
- Pirbuterol, Orciprenaline, Terbutaline, Fenoterol, Clenbuterol, Salbutamol, Procaterol, Theophylline, Cholintheophyllinate, Theophylline-ethylenediamine and Ketofen.
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51. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an anti-arrhythmic agent selected from a group including Viquidil, Procainamide, Mexiletine, Tocainide, Propafenone and Ipratropium.
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52. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes a centrally acting substance selected from a group including Amantadine, Levodopa, Biperiden, Benzotropine, Bromocriptine, Procyclidine, Moclobemide, Tranylcypromine, Tranylpromide, Clomipramine, Maprotiline, Doxepin, Opipramol, Amitriptyline, Desipramine, Imipramine, Fluroxamin, Fluoxetin, Paroxetine, Trazodone, Viloxazine, Fluphenazine, Perphenazine, Promethazine, Thioridazine, Triflupromazine, Prothipendyl, thiothixene, Chlorprothixene, Haloperidol, Pipamperone, Pimozide, Sulpiride, Fenethylline, Methylphenildate, Trifluoperazine, Oxazepam, Lorazepam, Bromoazepam, Alprazolam, Diazepam, Clobazam, Buspirone and Piracetam.
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53. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes a cytostatics and metastasis inhibitor selected from a group including Melfalan, Cyclophosphamide, Trofosfamide, Chlorambucil, Busulfan, Prednimustine, Fluororacil, Methotrexate, Mercaptopurine, Thioguanin, Hydroxycarbamide, Altretamine and Procarbazine.
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54. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes an anti-migrane agent selected from a group including Lisuride, Methysergide, Dihydroergotamine, Ergotamine and Pizotifen.
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55. The pump of claim 36, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes a gastrointestinal agents selected from a group including Cimetidine, Famotidine, Ranitidine, Roxatidine, Pirenzipine, Omeprazole, Misoprostol, Proglumide, Cisapride, Bromopride and Metoclopramide.
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56. The pump of claim 16, wherein the dose escalation assembly includes:
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a first saturated saline solution between the first impermeable membrane and the first semipermeable membrane, and a second saturated saline solution between the second impermeable membrane and the second semipermeable membrane.
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57. The pump of claim 1, wherein the pharmaceutical agent includes Sufentanil and wherein the pump is configured for:
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a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 25 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted intraventricularly;
a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 50 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted intrathecally;
a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 500 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted epidurally;
a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 1500 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted subcutaneously, and a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 1500 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted intravascularly.
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58. A kit, comprising:
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an implantable osmotic pump for delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a patient, including an osmotic engine, a tube coiled around the osmotic engine, the tube defining an inner tube-shaped compartment adapted to store a pharmaceutical agent, and a piston disposed within the tube-shaped compartment, the osmotic engine being configured to exert a force on the piston to cause the piston to travel within the tube-shaped compartment and deliver the pharmaceutical agent when the pump is implanted in the patient, and a catheter configured to attach to the pump. - View Dependent Claims (59, 60, 61, 62, 63, 64, 65, 66)
a first impermeable membrane configured to enable water from the patient to reach the osmotic engine through a first fluid path only after being breached, and a second impermeable membrane configured to enable water from the patient to reach the osmotic engine through a second fluid path only after being breached, the first path being distinct from the second path.
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64. The kit of claim 63, further including a dose escalation pen configured to breach at least one of the first and second impermeable membranes.
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65. The kit of claim 64, wherein the dose escalation pen includes a dose selection actuator that is adapted to re-configure the dose escalation pen to selectively breach one of the first and second impermeable membranes.
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66. The kit of claim 58, wherein the tube-shaped compartment is pre-loaded with the pharmaceutical agent.
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67. A method of delivering a pharmaceutical agent to a patient, comprising steps of:
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implanting a pump into the patient, the pump including a pump engine and a compartment adapted to store a pharmaceutical agent, the compartment defining at least a partial torus around the osmotic engine, and causing a piston to travel a distance within the compartment and to deliver a dose of pharmaceutical agent out of the compartment, the dose corresponding to the distance traveled by the piston within the compartment. - View Dependent Claims (68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73)
a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 25 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted intraventricularly;
a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 50 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted intrathecally;
a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 500 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted epidurally;
a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 1500 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted subcutaneously, and a daily delivery rate of Sufentanil of up to about 1500 micrograms per day when the pump is configured to be implanted intravascularly.
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70. The method of claim 68, wherein travel of the piston within the compartment causes a delivery of a volume up to about 20 μ
- L/day over a treatment period.
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71. The method of claim 67, further comprising the step of selectively increasing the dose in a stepwise manner over a treatment period without removing the pump from the patient.
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72. The method of claim 71, wherein the pump engine includes an osmotic engine and wherein the pump includes an initial dose semipermeable membrane initially exposed to the patient and at least one second semipermeable membrane initially not exposed to the patient and wherein the increasing step includes a step of selectively exposing the at least one second semipermeable membrane to the patient.
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73. The method of claim 67, wherein the pump the engine includes an osmotic engine in fluid communication with the piston and wherein the causing step includes a step of increasing a volume of the osmotic engine.
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74. A pump, comprising:
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a pump engine;
a tube coiled around the engine, the tube defining an inner tube-shaped compartment adapted to store a fluid, and a piston disposed within the tube-shaped compartment, the engine being adapted to cause the piston to travel within the tube-shaped compartment and to force a dose of the fluid out of the pump. - View Dependent Claims (75, 76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81)
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82. An osmotic pump, comprising:
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an osmotic engine, and a pump housing enclosing the osmotic engine and defining a substantially toroidal space adapted to contain a volume of pharmaceutical agent. - View Dependent Claims (83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 94)
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95. An implantable osmotic pump, comprising:
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a semipermeable membrane;
a housing adapted to enclose a volume of pharmaceutical agent and a portion of the semipermeable membrane;
an osmotic engine adapted to cause the pharmaceutical agent to be delivered out of he pump as an osmotic pressure differential develops across the semipermeable membrane, and at least one of;
an OFF switch, the OFF switch being effective to reduce the osmotic pressure differential across the semipermeable membrane substantially to zero, and an ON switch, the ON switch being effective to enable the pump to begin to deliver the pharmaceutical agent out of the pump. - View Dependent Claims (96, 97, 98, 99)
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Specification