GPS system for navigating a vehicle

• US 6,633,814 B2
• Filed: 12/22/2000
• Issued: 10/14/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 04/25/1996
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: CSR Technology Incorporated (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: SIRF Technology Incorporated (Qualcomm, Inc.)
• Inventors: Kohli, Sanjai, Cahn, Charles R., Chansarkar, Mangesh, Chen, Steven, Turetsky, Greg
• Primary Examiner(s): NGUYEN, THU V
• Application Number:
  US09/747,394
• Publication Number:
  US 20020015439A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,026 Days
• Field of Search: 701/200-202, 701/205-210, 701/213-214, 701/216-217, 701/220-221, 701/224, 701/302, 340/988-993, 340/995-996, 342/350, 342/352, 342/355, 342/357-1-3, 342/357-6-3, 342/357-2-3, 342/358, 342/450, 342/451, 342/458, 342/461-462
• US Class Current: 701/213
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 21/26 specially adapted for navigation in a road network
• CPC Class Codes: G01C 22/00 Measuring distance traversed on the ground by vehicles, persons, animals or other moving solid bodies, e.g. using odometers, using pedometers
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/11 wherein the cooperating elements are pseudolites or satellite radio beacon positioning system signal repeaters
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/22 Multipath-related issues
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/235 Calibration of receiver components
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/29 carrier including Doppler, related G01S19/246 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/30 code related G01S19/246 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/34 Power consumption
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/37 Hardware or software details of the signal processing chain
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/47 the supplementary measurement being an inertial measurement, e.g. tightly coupled inertial
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/49 whereby the further system is an inertial position system, e.g. loosely-coupled
• CPC Class Codes: G01S 19/50 whereby the position solution is constrained to lie upon a particular curve or surface, e.g. for locomotives on railway tracks
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/707 using direct sequence modulation
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7085 using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay-locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/709 Correlator structure
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7095 Sliding correlator type
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 1/7115 Constructive combining of multi-path signals, i.e. RAKE receivers
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2001/70706 using a code tracking loop, e.g. a delay locked loop
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 2201/70715 with application-specific features
• CPC Class Codes: H04B 7/216 Code division or spread-spectrum multiple access [CDMA, SSMA]
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 27/30 : wherein each code element is represented by a combination of frequencies

Abstract

A terrestrial C/A code GPS receiver system digitally samples, filters and stores a segment of 11 half chips of the received composite as a binary number and multiplexes this number for parallel correlation with each of a series of multibit code replicas for the satellites to be tracked. Each of the time delay specific correlation products are accumulated in a cell of a memory matrix so that at least twenty two delays for each satellite may be evaluated each code period providing fast reacquisition, even within a city intersection, as well as correction of multipath tracking and multipath interference. All cells of the memory matrix may be used for a acquisition of a single satellite in about 4 ms. Two satellite tracking, in addition to altitude hold, uses cross track hold alternating with clock hold to update the cross track estimate. Single satellite tracking uses cross track and clock hold together. Navigation data is updated with detected changes in motion including turns.

Claims

1. A GPS system for navigating a vehicle, comprising:

means for tracking at least one GPS satellite to provide on-track information related to a position of the vehicle along a selected track;

means for using data, including the on-track information, to generate a position model for the vehicle comprising a time estimate, t_est, an altitude estimate, z_est, a track estimate, a_est, and a cross track estimate, c_est, wherein the track estimate indicates an estimated position on an axis parallel to the selected track in a plane and the cross track estimate indicates an estimated position on an axis perpendicular to the selected track in the same plane;

means for determining a predicted track based on information including at least the current heading of the vehicle, the predicted track at least initially corresponding to the selected track;

means for updating the position model; and

means for providing vehicle navigation data from the position model, including means for providing vehicle navigation data during a period when less than four satellites are in view, including holding at least one of the altitude estimate, the time estimate, the track estimate and the cross track estimate at a current value during the period.

2. The GPS system of claim 1, wherein the navigation data comprises vehicle position data.

3. The GPS system of claim 1, wherein the navigation data comprises vehicle velocity data.

4. The GPS system of claim 1, wherein the navigation data comprises a distance traveled by the vehicle along the track.

5. The GPS system of claim 1, wherein the means for updating the position model comprises means for detecting turns made by the vehicle.

6. The GPS System of claim 5, wherein the means for detecting turns comprises a steady state detector for detecting changes in the motion of the vehicle.

7. The GPS system of claim 1, wherein the means for updating the position model comprises a map database that includes at least the selected track.

8. The GPS system of claim 7, wherein the means for updating the position model comprises a map database that includes at least the selected track, wherein turns that are detected by the means for detecting turns are compared to data in the map database to attempt to identify a map location corresponding to the position of the vehicle.

9. The GPS system of claim 1, wherein the means for determining a predicted track comprises a timer for periodically causing the predicted track to be estimated from the current heading of the vehicle.

10. The GPS system of claim 9, wherein the means for determining a predicted track comprises means for periodically cycling between holding the time estimate at a current value, and holding the cross track estimate at a current value.

11. A method for determining a position of a vehicle, comprising:

generating a predicted track of the vehicle using data comprising at least a current heading of the vehicle and selected route data from a route database;

generating a position model that indicates a position of the vehicle using data including data from at least one satellite in view, and the selected route data, wherein the position model includes a time estimate, t_est, an altitude estimate, z_est, a track estimate, a_est, and a cross track estimate, c_est, wherein the track estimate indicates an estimated position of the vehicle on an axis parallel to the predicted track in a plane and the cross track estimate indicates an estimated position of the vehicle on an axis perpendicular to the predicted track in the same plane;

updating the position model as the vehicle changes position using at least one of, data from the at least one satellite in view, the selected route data, and sensor data, wherein the sensor data indicates changes in the position of the vehicle with respect to at least one of the current heading and the selected route, wherein when less than four satellites are in view during a period, the position model is updated while holding at least one of the altitude estimate, the time estimate, the track estimate and the cross track estimate at a constant value during the period.

12. The method of claim 11, further comprising determining when only two satellites are in view and in response, alternating between holding the cross track estimate while updating the time estimate for a predetermined period of time, and holding the time estimate while updating the cross track estimate for a predetermined period of time.

13. The method of claim 11, further comprising updating the predicted track using the sensor data and the selected route data such that a sensed change in vehicle position is compared to the selected route to determine a vehicle position on the selected route.

14. An apparatus for performing GPS navigation of a vehicle, comprising:

a receiver for receiving signals from at least one GPS satellite;

a plurality of tracking channels for tracking the at least one GPS satellite to provide information related to a position of the vehicle along a selected track;

a satellite processing module that receives and processes the signals from the at least one GPS satellite to produce GPS data;

a navigation solution module coupled to the satellite processing module, wherein the navigation solution module,

uses navigation information, including the GPS data to generate and update a position model for the vehicle comprising a time estimate, an altitude estimate, a track estimate, and a cross track estimate, wherein the track estimate indicates an estimated position on an axis parallel to the selected track in a plane and the cross track estimate indicates an estimated position on an axis perpendicular to the selected track in the same plane;

provides vehicle navigation data, including a predicted track of the vehicle; and

during periods when the GPS data lacks sufficient information to update each of the estimates, holding at least one of the altitude estimate, the time estimate, the track estimate and the cross track estimate at a current value.

15. The apparatus of claim 14 further comprising:

a memory coupled to the navigation solution module, wherein the memory is configured to store route data;

a turn detector coupled to the memory, wherein the turn detector is configured to detect vehicle heading changes; and

a turn comparator coupled to the turn detector, wherein the turn comparator is configured to compare vehicle heading chances with route data.

16. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the predicted track of the vehicle is based on information comprising a current heading of the vehicle, and wherein the predicted track at least initially corresponds to the selected track.

17. The apparatus of claim 15, wherein the navigation information further includes vehicle heading change data from the turn detector.

18. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a timer configured to periodically cause the predicted track to be estimated from the current heading of the vehicle.

19. The apparatus of claim 18, wherein providing a predicted track comprises periodically cycling between holding the time estimate at a current value, and holding the cross track estimate at a current.

20. The apparatus of claim 15, further comprising a steady state detector configured to detect changes in the motion of the vehicle.

21. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the navigation information further includes vehicle velocity data.

22. The apparatus of claim 20, wherein the navigation information further includes a distance traveled by the vehicle.