Sterile fluid filtration cartridge and method for using same

• US 6,635,179 B1
• Filed: 12/30/1999
• Issued: 10/21/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 12/30/1999
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Nephros, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nephros, Inc.
• Inventors: Summerton, James, Collins, Gregory R.
• Primary Examiner(s): FORTUNA, ANA M
• Application Number:
  US09/477,081
• Time in Patent Office: 1,391 Days
• Field of Search: 210/321.8, 210/321.79, 210/321.81, 210/321.9, 210/650, 210/645, 210/651, 210/96.2
• US Class Current: 210/650
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 2/0017 Filtration
• CPC Class Codes: A61L 2/022 Filtration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/342 Adding solutions to the blood, e.g. substitution solutions for preventing coagulation A61M1/3672
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 1/3462 Circuits for the preparation thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/165 Filtering accessories, e.g. blood filters, filters for infusion liquids A61M1/14 , A61M1/34, A61M1/3627, A61M1/3679, A61M1/3687 take precedence; needle sets with incorporated air inlet filters A61M5/162
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/04 Specific sealing means
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/041 Gaskets or O-rings
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/13 Specific connectors
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/146 comprising multiple ultrafiltration steps
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/18 Apparatus therefor
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 61/58 Multistep processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/04 comprising multiple hollow fibre assemblies
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/043 with separate tube sheets

Abstract

A filtration assembly is presented which removes bacteria and endotoxin from a solution so that a sterile fluid is produced. The sterile fluid is suitable for direct on-line infusion to a patient from a device, such as a dialysis machine. The filtration assembly is constructed so that two separate filtration compartments exist, resulting in redundant filtration of the fluid prior to infusion. Each compartment holds a filter which preferably consists of a longitudinal bundle of semipermeable hollow fibers. The filter is sized so that it creates a separate area within the compartment for filtrate and infusate flow. This redundant filtration produces a lower risk of creating a pyrogenic or septic condition in the patient due to filter failure.

Claims

1. A filtration assembly, comprising:

a first casing defining a first sterilization stage, the first casing including an inlet port for receiving a first fluid to be filtered, at least one first stage outlet and a first filter membrane, the first fluid being filtered by being conducted across the first filter membrane to produce a first permeate fluid that is discharged through the first stage outlet;

a second casing defining a second sterilization stage, the second casing including an outlet port for discharging a second permeate fluid from the second casing after filtration, the second casing having at least one second stage inlet for receiving the first permeate fluid and a second filter membrane, the first permeate fluid being filtered by being conducted across the second filter membrane to produce the second permeate fluid;

an interstage connector coupled to the first and second casings and allowing communication of the first permeate fluid between the first stage outlet and the second stage inlet; and

wherein the first and second casings are arranged so as to prevent the first permeate fluid from directly communicating between the first and second sterilization stages without flowing through the interstage connector.

2. The filtration assembly of claim 1 wherein the first and second stages are disposed substantially parallel to each other.

3. The filtration assembly of claim 1, wherein the first fluid is communicated between the inlet port and the first stage outlet by being conducted across the first filter membrane into a lumen section thereof.

4. The filtration assembly of claim 1, wherein the first permeate fluid is communicated between the second stage inlet and the outlet port by being conducted across the second filter membrane from a lumen section thereof to an extra-luminal space.

5. The filtration assembly of claim 1, further comprising a potting compound inserted between the first filter membrane and the first casing, and inserted between the second filter membrane and the second casing, whereby the fluid is prevented from directly communicating between the first casing and second casing and the interstage connector by the potting compound.

6. The filtration assembly of claim 1, wherein the first and second casings are affixed together.

7. The filtration assembly of claim 1,

wherein the interstage connector includes an interstage header operatively connected to another portion of the interstage connector, the interstage header further comprising:

a port for one of receiving and discharging at least one of a second fluid and air.

8. The filtration assembly of claim 7, wherein the port is adapted to be capped during operation of the filtration assembly.

9. The filtration assembly of claim 7, wherein the port is connected to a disinfecting solution for substantially disinfecting the filtration assembly.

10. The filtration assembly of claim 7, further comprising:

a seal for sealing a connection between the interstage header and the other portion of the interstage connector.

11. The filtration assembly of claim 10, wherein the seal is an o-ring.

12. The filtration assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second filter membranes are operative to remove endotoxin and bacteria from the first fluid and the first permeate fluid, respectively, prior to the second permeate fluid exiting the outlet port, thereby providing sterile infusion fluid.

13. The filtration assembly of claim 12, wherein at least one of the first and second filter membranes comprise a semipermeable bundle of hollow fibers.

14. The filtration assembly of claim 1, wherein at least one of the first and second casings are substantially cylindrical.

15. The filtration assembly of claim 14, wherein at least one of the first and second filter membranes are substantially cylindrical.

16. The filtration assembly of claim 1, wherein the first stage outlet is at an end of the first casing.

17. The filtration assembly of claim 1, wherein the second stage inlet is at an end of the second casing.

18. A method for filtering a fluid, comprising:

receiving a first fluid to be filtered at an inlet port of a first casing of a filtration assembly;

filtering the first fluid through an outer portion of a first filter in communication with the inlet port and disposing within the first casing, the first fluid being conducted across the filter into a lumen section thereof as a first permeate fluid;

discharging the first permeate fluid through an end of the first filter to an interstage connector;

receiving the first permeate fluid from the interstage connector at an end of a second filter disposed within a second casing of the filtration assembly, the first permeate fluid being received in a lumen section of the second filter;

filtering the first permeate fluid from the lumen section of the second filter to an extra-luminal space as a twice filtered permeate fluid; and

discharging the twice filtered permeate fluid through an outlet port of the second casing.

19. A filtration assembly, comprising:

a casing;

a separating rib for dividing the casing into a first portion for enclosing a first filter and a second portion for enclosing a second filter, the separating rib further for preventing direct fluid communication between the first and second portions;

an inlet port in fluid communication with the first filter for receiving a first fluid to be sterilized by being conducted across the first filter to produce a first permeate fluid;

an outlet port in fluid communication with the second filter for discharging twice filtered permeate fluid; and

at least one interstage portion for providing fluid communication between a first end of the first filter which is adapted to discharge the first permeate fluid and a second end of the second filter which is adapted to receive the first permeate fluid from the first portion so that the first permeate fluid can be conducted across the second filter to produce the twice filtered permeate fluid.

20. The filtration assembly of claim 19, further comprising:

a potting compound disposed between the first filter and the casing for preventing direct fluid communication between the casing and the at least one interstage portion.

21. The filtration assembly of claim 19, wherein the at least one interstage portion comprises an entrance port for receiving at least one of disinfecting solution and air.

22. The filtration assembly of claim 21, wherein the entrance port is capped during an operation of the filtration assembly.

23. The filtration assembly of claim 19, wherein the at least one interstage portion comprises:

a seal for sealing a connection between the interstage portion and the casing.

24. The filtration assembly of claim 23, wherein the seal comprises an o-ring.

25. The filtration assembly of claim 19, further comprising:

the first filter and the second filter.

26. The filtration assembly of claim 19, wherein at least one of the first and second filters are substantially ovoid.

27. The filtration assembly of claim 19, wherein at least one of the first and second filters are substantially cylindrical.

28. The filtration assembly of claim 19, wherein the casing is substantially cylindrical.

29. The filtration assembly of claim 19, further comprising:

a potting port for receiving a potting compound.

30. A filtration assembly, comprising:

a first casing defining a first sterilization stage, the first casing including an inlet port for receiving a first fluid to be sterilized, at least one first stage outlet and a first filter membrane, the first fluid being filtered by being conducted across the first filter membrane to produce a first permeate fluid;

a second casing defining a second sterilization stage, the second casing including an outlet port for discharging a second permeate fluid after filtration in the second sterilization stage, at least one second stage inlet and a second filter membrane, the first permeate fluid being filtered by being conducted across the second filter membrane; and

an interstage connector in communication with the first and second stages and allowing the first permeate fluid to flow between a lumen section of the first filter membrane and a lumen section of the second filter membrane, wherein the first and second sterilization stages are separated so that the first permeate fluid cannot freely communicate between the first and second sterilization stages without flowing through the interstage connector.

31. The filtration assembly of claim 30, wherein the inlet port is formed so that the fluid flows into the first sterilization stage outside of the first filter membrane, the fluid being filtered by conduction across the first filter membrane into the lumen section of the first filter membrane.

32. The filtration assembly of claim 30, wherein the outlet port is formed exterior to the second filter membrane so that the fluid flows through the outlet port by being conducted across the second filter membrane from the lumen section of the second filter membrane.

33. The filtration assembly of claim 30, wherein the first sterilization stage is independent from the second sterilization stage such that the second sterilization stage is a redundant sterilization stage with the fluid being completely filtered in each of the stages.

34. The filtration assembly of claim 30, further comprising:

a first potting compound inserted between the first filter membrane and the first casing and a second potting compound inserted between the second filter membrane and the second casing, whereby concentrate fluid is prevented from directly communicating between the first casing and second casing and the interstage connector by the potting compound.

35. A method for filtering a fluid, comprising:

receiving a fluid at an inlet port of a casing of a filtration assembly;

filtering the fluid by conducting the fluid across a first filter which is in fluid communication with the inlet port and disposed within the casing;

discharging the fluid through an end of the first filter into an interstage connector;

receiving the fluid from the interstage connector at an end of a second filter disposed within the casing;

filtering the fluid by conducting the fluid across the second filter, wherein the fluid is conducted in a first direction across the first filter and in a second direction across the second filter; and

discharging the fluid through an outlet port of the casing which is in fluid communication with the second filter.

36. The method of claim 35, wherein the first direction is from a first extra-luminal space to a lumen location of the first filter and the second direction is from a lumen section of the second filter to a second extra-luminal space.

37. The method of claim 35, further comprising:

disposing a member between the first and second filters to prevent direct fluid flow between the first and second filters, the fluid having to flow through the interstage connector to flow between the first and second filters.