Air-in-tip jet injector

• US 6,645,169 B1
• Filed: 09/20/2000
• Issued: 11/11/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 06/08/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Novo Nordisk A/S
• Original Assignee: Avant Drug Delivery Systems, Inc.
• Inventors: Slate, John B., Burk, Michael W., Gorton, Lanny A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Casler, Brian L.
• Assistant Examiner(s): WILLIAMS, CATHERINE SERKE
• Application Number:
  US09/665,849
• Time in Patent Office: 1,147 Days
• Field of Search: 604/68, 604/70, 604/69, 604/71, 604/93.01, 604/115, 604/140, 604/181, 604/187, 604/218, 222/4, 222/195, 222/394, 222/399
• US Class Current: 604/68
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/30 Syringes for injection by jet action, without needle, e.g. for use with replaceable ampoules or carpules
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/3134 characterised by constructional features of the distal end, i.e. end closest to the tip of the needle cannula
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/425 Protruding skin to facilitate piercing, e.g. vacuum cylinders, vein immobilising means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/46 having means for controlling depth of insertion
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/482 Varying injection pressure, e.g. by varying speed of injection
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 5/484 Regulating injection pressure

Abstract

A method for injecting a fluid medicament into a patient uses a syringe having a plunger that can be advanced into the syringe chamber. As the plunger is advanced, the medicament is expelled from the chamber through an injection tube that extends from the chamber. Preferably, the injection tube is formed as a cone-shaped funnel with a taper of generally decreasing radius in a distal direction. The steps for the method include creating a gas pocket in the distal portion of the injection tube. Then, as the plunger is advanced into the chamber to accelerate the fluid medicament through the injection tube, the gas pocket allows the accelerating fluid medicament to gain momentum. The change in this momentum as the fluid medicament collides with the skin will generate an impulse force that is manifested as an initial pressure spike. This pressure spike creates a hole in the skin of the patient as the fluid medicament exits the tube. Further advancement of the plunger into the chamber maintains a substantially constant infusion pressure for injecting the fluid medicament through the hole and into the patient.

Claims

1. A method for injecting a fluid medicament into a patient which comprises the steps of:

holding said fluid medicament in a chamber, said chamber having a port for ejecting said fluid medicament therethrough;

creating a pocket of gas in said chamber, said pocket of gas being located in said chamber contiguous to said port;

positioning said port against the patient; and

thereafter

forcing said gas and said fluid medicament through said port for injection of said fluid medicament into the patient.

2. A method as recited in claim 1 further comprising the step of forming said chamber with an injection tube extending therefrom to establish fluid communication between said chamber and said port.

3. A method as recited in claim 2 wherein said injection tube is formed as a cone-shaped funnel with a taper of generally decreasing radius in a distal direction through said injection tube from said chamber toward said port.

4. A method as recited in claim 2 further comprising the steps of:

accelerating said fluid medicament through said pocket of gas and said tube, said tube having an empty distal portion for generating an initial pressure spike during transit of said fluid medicament through said distal portion, said pressure spike having a first pressure for creating a hole in the skin of the patient as said fluid medicament exits said tube; and

maintaining a substantially constant infusion pressure for injecting said fluid medicament through the hole into the patient, said first pressure being greater than said infusion pressure.

5. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said chamber is a component of a syringe, wherein said syringe includes a plunger and said plunger is positioned for advancement into said chamber and, alternatively, for withdrawal from said chamber, and wherein said forcing step is accomplished by advancing said plunger into said chamber to expel said fluid medicament therefrom.

6. A method as recited in claim 5 further comprising the step of withdrawing said plunger from said chamber to create said pocket of gas.

7. A method as recited in claim 1 wherein said pocket of gas has a fluid volume in a range between one and twenty microliters (1-20 μ

l).

8. A method for injecting a fluid medicament into a patient which comprises the steps of:

providing a chamber containing a fluid medicament;

extending an injection tube from said chamber, said injection tube being in fluid communication with said chamber, and said injection tube having a distal portion filled with a pocket of gas with said fluid medicament proximal thereto; and

forcing said gas and said fluid medicament from said chamber and through said injection tube to inject said fluid medicament into the patient by accelerating said fluid medicament through said distal portion of said injection tube to generate an initial pressure spike during transit of said fluid medicament through said distal portion, said pressure spike having a first pressure for creating a hole in the skin of the patient as said fluid medicament exits said tube, and maintaining a substantially constant infusion pressure for injecting said fluid medicament through the hole into the patient, said first pressure being greater than said infusion pressure.

9. A method as recited in claim 8 wherein said injection tube is formed as a cone-shaped funnel with a taper of generally decreasing radius in a distal direction through said injection tube from said chamber.

10. A method as recited in claim 8 wherein said chamber is a component of a syringe, wherein said syringe includes a plunger and said plunger is positioned for advancement into said chamber and, alternatively, for withdrawal from said chamber, and wherein said forcing step is accomplished by advancing said plunger into said chamber to expel said fluid medicament therefrom.

11. A method as recited in claim 10 further comprising the step of withdrawing said plunger from said chamber to create said pocket of gas.

12. A method as recited in claim 11 wherein said pocket of gas has a fluid volume in a range between one and twenty microliters (1-20 μ

l).

13. A method for injecting a fluid medicament into a patient which comprises the steps of:

accelerating a fluid medicament through a tube, said tube having an empty distal portion for generating an initial pressure spike during transit of said fluid medicament through said distal portion, said pressure spike having a first pressure for creating a hole in the skin of the patient as said fluid medicament exits said tube; and

maintaining a substantially constant infusion pressure for injecting said fluid medicament through the hole into the patient, said first pressure being greater than said infusion pressure.

14. A method as recited in claim 13 herein said tube is a component of a syringe having a chamber and a plunger, and wherein said plunger is positioned for advancement into said chamber and, alternatively, for withdrawal from said chamber, and wherein said accelerating step and said maintaining step are accomplished by advancing said plunger into said chamber to expel said fluid medicament therefrom.

15. A method as recited in claim 13 wherein said empty distal portion is created by a pocket of gas.

16. A method as recited in claim 15 wherein said pocket of gas has a fluid volume in a range between one and twenty microliters (1-20 μ

l).