Wettable and erosion/oxidation-resistant carbon-composite materials
First Claim
1. A process of producing a carbon composite material comprising carbon and a metal boride as all or part of a cathode or cell lining, including side wall block, of an aluminum electrolysis cell which process comprises,mixing together quantities of precursors of a metal boride to produce a precursor mixture, wherein the precursors are in the form of solid powders having an average particle size of less than 100 microns;
- mixing said precursor mixture with at least one carbon-containing component to form a carbon-containing precursor mixture;
without pre-reacting said precursors to form said metal boride, positioning said carbon-containing precursor mixture in an aluminum electrolysis cell to form all or part of a cathode or lining of said cell; and
proceeding with cell start-up and operation, thereby exposing said carbon-containing precursor mixture to a reducing environment in said cell such that said precursors react together to generate said carbon composite material comprising carbon and said metal boride in situ in said cell.
1 Assignment
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Accused Products
Abstract
A thermal treatment system for thermally treating a sterile medium is controlled via a foot actuated switch to thermally treat the sterile medium to a desired temperature and/or form (e.g., slush). The thermal treatment system includes a basin recessed in a system top surface, while a surgical sterile drape is placed over the system and within the basin to form a drape container for containing the sterile medium. The basin may be configured to cool the sterile medium and form sterile surgical slush, or heat the sterile medium to provide warm sterile liquid. A dislodgment mechanism may be employed within a cooling basin to manipulate the drape and dislodge frozen pieces of sterile medium adhered to the drape. Information pertaining to the sterile medium and system operation may be displayed on a system display that has dimensions sufficient to provide visibility of the information to users located within extended ranges from the system. Alternatively, the thermal treatment system may be responsive to a remote control unit to enable users to control operation of the system remotely. The remote control unit may control various operating parameters and features of the system, and preferably emits system commands in the form of code signals. A receiver is employed by the thermal treatment system to receive the transmitted signals and facilitate system operation in response to those signals. In addition, the foot actuated switch and remote control unit may be utilized with thermal treatment systems having a plurality of heating and/or cooling basins.
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Citations
26 Claims
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1. A process of producing a carbon composite material comprising carbon and a metal boride as all or part of a cathode or cell lining, including side wall block, of an aluminum electrolysis cell which process comprises,
mixing together quantities of precursors of a metal boride to produce a precursor mixture, wherein the precursors are in the form of solid powders having an average particle size of less than 100 microns; -
mixing said precursor mixture with at least one carbon-containing component to form a carbon-containing precursor mixture;
without pre-reacting said precursors to form said metal boride, positioning said carbon-containing precursor mixture in an aluminum electrolysis cell to form all or part of a cathode or lining of said cell; and
proceeding with cell start-up and operation, thereby exposing said carbon-containing precursor mixture to a reducing environment in said cell such that said precursors react together to generate said carbon composite material comprising carbon and said metal boride in situ in said cell. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13)
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14. A carbon composite material suitable for use in preparing all or part of a cathode or cell lining, including a side wall block, of an aluminum electrolysis cell,
said material is produced by mixing together quantities of precursors of a metal boride to produce a precursor mixture, wherein the precursors are in the form of solid powders having an average particle size of less than 100 microns; - and mixing said precursor mixture with at least one carbon-containing component to form a carbon-containing precursor mixture.
- View Dependent Claims (15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24)
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25. A carbon composite material suitable for immersion in molten aluminum, said material comprising quantities of precursors of a metal boride and at least one carbon-containing component to form said carbon composite material;
- wherein said precursors of said metal boride are in the form of pre-mixed solid powders having a particle size of less than 100 microns; and
wherein said precursors react together to generate said metal boride in situ when said material is exposed to molten aluminum.
- wherein said precursors of said metal boride are in the form of pre-mixed solid powders having a particle size of less than 100 microns; and
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26. A process of producing a carbon composite material comprising carbon and a metal boride as all or part of a cathode or cell lining, including side wall block, of an aluminum electrolysis cell which process comprises, intimately mixing together quantities of precursors of a metal boride to produce a precursor mixture, wherein one of said precursors is selected from the group consisting of boron oxide, boric acid and borax, and another of said precursors is an oxide of a metal selected from the group consisting of titanium, zirconium, vanadium, hafnium, niobium, tantalum, chromium and molybdenum, and wherein the precursors are in the form of solid powders having an average particle size of less than 100 microns;
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mixing said precursor mixture with at least one carbon-containing component selected from the group consisting of anthracite, pitch, tar and graphite to form a carbon-containing precursor mixture;
without pre-reacting said precursors to form said metal boride, positioning said carbon-containing precursor mixture in an aluminum electrolysis cell to form all or part of a cathode or lining of said cell; and
proceeding with cell start-up and operation at a temperature in the range of 600 to 1100°
C., thereby exposing said carbon-containing precursor mixture to a reducing environment in said cell such that said precursors react together to generate said carbon composite material comprising carbon and said metal boride in situ in said cell.
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Specification