Multi-phase DC—DC converter

• US 6,650,556 B2
• Filed: 10/31/2001
• Issued: 11/18/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 10/31/2001
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Original Assignee: Intel Corporation
• Inventors: Dinh, James S., Budelman, Gerald A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant B.
• Application Number:
  US10/000,737
• Publication Number:
  US 20030081438A1
• Time in Patent Office: 748 Days
• Field of Search: 363/127, 363/65, 363/56, 363/52, 363/54, 363/124, 323/282, 323/284, 323/306, 323/222, 323/285, 307/66, 307/48
• US Class Current: 363/65
• CPC Class Codes: H02J 1/102 being switching converters H02J1/108, H02J1/12 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1584 with a plurality of power processing stages connected in parallel

Abstract

A multi-phase DC—DC converter having redundant DC—DC phases or modules. If a DC—DC phase fails, such as from a short circuit, it is decoupled from the output of the DC—DC converter. In some embodiments, the other DC—DC phases bear the burden of the extra power output. In other embodiments, additional DC—DC phases are coupled in, in response to the failure.

Claims

1. A DC—

DC regulator comprising;

a plurality of DC—

DC phases, at least one of which includes,

a regulator, and

a detector shutdown switch coupled to isolate the regulator in response to the regulator having a short-circuit failure;

a redundant DC phase; and

a circuit to connect the redundant DC phase in response to the short-circuit failure in the at least one of the DC phases.

2. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 1 wherein the detector shutdown switch comprises;

a top detector shutdown switch.

3. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 1 wherein the detector shutdown switch comprises;

a bottom detector shutdown switch.

4. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 1 wherein the detector shutdown switch comprises;

a top detector shutdown switch; and

a bottom detector shutdown switch.

5. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 1 wherein the detector shutdown switch is coupled to isolate the regulator from a load.

6. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 1 wherein the detector shutdown switch is coupled to isolate the regulator from a regulator of another of the DC—

DC phases.

7. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 1 wherein the detector shutdown switch comprises;

a field-effect transistor (FET) having a FET body diode coupled to inhibit current flow from a load back into the DC—

DC regulator.

8. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 1 wherein the regulator comprises;

a synchronous multi-phase buck regulator; and

a duty cycle controller coupled to provide duty cycle signals to the synchronous multi-phase buck regulator.

9. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 1 further comprising;

a multi-phase controller coupled to provide respective switching signals to the plurality of DC—

DC phases.

10. The DC—

DC regulator of claim 9 further comprising;

a startup controller.

11. A synchronous multi-phase buck regulator to provide DC voltage to a load and comprising:

a top switch;

a switching node;

a bottom switch coupled to the top switch at the switching node;

an output node to be coupled to the load;

a first shutdown switch coupled in series between the switching node and the output node, the first shutdown switch comprising a field-effect transistor (FET) having a FET body diode coupled to inhibit current flow from the output node to the switch node; and

a comparator having inputs coupled across the FET and an output coupled to a gate of the FET.

12. The synchronous multi-phase buck regulator of claim 11 further comprising:

a resistor coupled in series between the FET and an input of the comparator.

13. The synchronous multi-phase buck regulator of claim 12 further comprising:

another resistor coupled in series between the FET and another input of the comparator.

14. The synchronous multi-phase buck regulator of claim 12 further comprising:

a diode coupled between an input of the comparator and the gate of the FET.

15. The synchronous multi-phase buck regulator of claim 11 to generate the DC voltage from another DC voltage, and further comprising:

an input node to receive the other DC voltage; and

a second shutdown switch coupled between the input node and the top switch.

16. The synchronous multi-phase buck regulator of claim 11 further comprising:

a phase control input to receive a switching signal; and

a third switch coupled to the output node and the phase control input node to inhibit the switching signal in response to the synchronous multi-phase buck regulator achieving a normal state of operation.

17. An electronic system comprising:

a load having an input; and

a DC—

DC converter including,

a duty cycle controller, and

a plurality of DC—

DC phases, each including,

a buck regulator having an input coupled to the duty cycle controller and having a switch node coupled to the input of the load,

a top shutdown switch coupled to the buck regulator, and

a bottom shutdown switch coupled to the buck regulator;

the plurality of DC—

DC phases comprising a plurality of normal operation DC—

DC phases; and

at least one reserve DC—

DC phase.

18. The electronic system of claim 17 further comprising:

an AC-DC converter coupled to the DC—

DC converter.

19. The electronic system of claim 18 wherein:

the bottom shutdown switch comprises a field effect transistor (FET) having a FET body diode coupled to inhibit current flow from the load to the buck regulator.

20. An article of manufacture comprising:

a machine-accessible medium having thereon data which, when accessed by a machine, enable the machine to create a semiconductor device including,

a multi-phase DC—

DC converter including,

a synchronous multi-phase buck regulator, and

a shutdown switch coupled to the buck regulator to defeat the buck regulator in response to the buck regulator suffering a short circuit.

21. The article of manufacture of claim 20 wherein the machine-accessible medium has additional data that, when accessed by the machine, enable the machine to include in the multi-phase DC—

DC converter;

a field-effect transistor (FET) having a FET body diode coupled to inhibit current flow from a load back into an output of the buck regulator.

22. The article of manufacture of claim 21 wherein the machine-accessible medium has additional data that, when accessed by the machine, enable the machine to include in the multi-phase DC—

DC converter;

a reserve DC—

DC phase in the multi-phase DC—

DC converter.

23. The article of manufacture of claim 21 wherein the machine-accessible medium comprises a recording medium.

24. The article of manufacture of claim 21 wherein the machine-accessible medium comprises a communication link and the data comprise a carrier wave traversing the communication link.