Portable oxygen concentration system and method of using the same

• US 6,651,658 B1
• Filed: 08/03/2000
• Issued: 11/25/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 08/03/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Caire Incorporated (Niterra Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Sequal Technologies Incorporated (Niterra Co., Ltd.), Teijin Limited
• Inventors: Hill, Theodore B., Schneider, Robert A., Bixby, James A., Radtke, Edward A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Lo, Weilun
• Assistant Examiner(s): MENDOZA, MICHAEL G
• Application Number:
  US09/632,099
• Time in Patent Office: 1,209 Days
• Field of Search: 128/201.25, 128/205.11, 128/205.18, 128/204.22, 128/204.21, 128/202.26, 128/205.12, 55/26, 55/62, 55/18, 551/79, 552/041.8, 552/042.3, 552/042.6
• US Class Current: 128/204.23
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0677 Gas-saving devices therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/10 Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/101 using an oxygen concentrator
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/107 in the inspiratory path
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/1075 by influencing the temperature A61M16/1045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/1025 the O2 concentration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0007 introduced into the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0208 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/03 Gases in liquid phase, e.g. cryogenic liquids
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3553 remote, e.g. between patient's home and doctor's office
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3569 sublocal, e.g. between console and disposable
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8212 with means or measures taken for minimising energy consumption
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8237 Charging means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2209/086 Docking stations
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/04 Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/06 Heartbeat rate only
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/205 partial oxygen pressure (P-O2)
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/30 Blood pressure A61M2230/04 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/40 Respiratory characteristics
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/42 Rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/50 : Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/62 : Posture
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/63 : Motion, e.g. physical activity
• CPC Class Codes: A62B 19/00 : Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus carbon dioxide absorbing devices A61M16/22
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/108 : Zeolites
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/12 : Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/102 : Nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/80 : Water
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40005 : using rotary valves
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40009 : using sensors or gas analysers
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4533 : for medical purposes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4541 : for portable use, e.g. gas masks
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/221 : Heat exchangers
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0473 : Rapid pressure swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0476 : Vacuum pressure swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/053 : with storage or buffer vessel
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/22 : by diffusion manufacturing semi-permeable membranes B01D67/00; form, structure or properties of semi-permeable membranes B01D69/00; material for semi-permeable membranes B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/261 : by adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/326 : in electrochemical cells
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 15/021 : the valve member being a movable body around which the medium flows when the valve is open F16K15/025 - F16K15/12 take precedence

Abstract

The present invention is directed to a portable oxygen concentrator system adapted to be transported by a user. The portable oxygen concentrator system includes an energy source, an air separation device powered by the energy source and adapted to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for the user, at least one sensor adapted to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of the user, and a control unit interrelated with the air separation device and the at least one sensor to control the air separation device so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of the user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by the at least one sensor.

Claims

1. A portable oxygen concentrator system adapted to be readily transported by a user, comprising:

an internal renewable energy source;

an air separation device powered by said energy source and adapted to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, the air separation device including a pump and an oxygen concentrator, the pump adapted to supply ambient air to said oxygen concentrator and said oxygen concentrator adapted to separate concentrated gaseous oxygen from supplied ambient air and including a plurality of absorber columns and a rotating valve, the rotating valve relatively rotatable with respect to the plurality of absorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of absorber columns for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user,

wherein said portable oxygen concentrator system weight 2-15 pounds.

2. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein said energy source is a fuel cell.

3. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein said pump includes a compressor adapted to compress and supply ambient air to said oxygen concentrator.

4. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 3, wherein the concentrator is a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) concentrator.

5. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 3, wherein the concentrator is a vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) concentrator, said system including a vacuum generator adapted to draw exhaust gas from concentrator to improve the recovery and productivity of the concentrator.

6. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 3, wherein the concentrator is a rapid PSA concentrator.

7. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 3, wherein the concentrator is a very rapid PSA concentrator.

8. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein the concentrator is a membrane separation concentrator.

9. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein the concentrator is an electrochemical cell concentrator.

10. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 3, further including at least one sensor adapted to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with said air separation device, said second concentrated oxygen source, and said at least one sensor so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor and cause oxygen gas from the second concentrated oxygen gas source to supplement the oxygen gas supplied from the air separation device when the demand for oxygen gas exceeds the supply capacity of the air separation device, wherein the compressor is a variable-speed compressor and said control unit is adapted to control the concentrator so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user by controlling the speed of said variable-speed compressor based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor.

11. The potable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, further including at least one sensor adapted to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with said air separation device, said second concentrated oxygen source, and said at least one sensor so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor and cause oxygen gas from the second concentrated oxygen gas source to supplement the oxygen gas supplied from the air separation device when the demand for oxygen gas exceeds the supply capacity of the air separation device, wherein said at least one sensor includes a metabolic sensor adapted to sense a metabolic condition of the user, said control unit interrelated with said air separation device and said metabolic sensor to control the air separation device so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the metabolic condition sensed by said at least one sensor.

12. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 11, wherein said metabolic sensor is an oximeter.

13. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 11, wherein said metabolic sensor is adapted to measure at least one of heart rate, oxygen saturation, respiratory rate, blood pressure, EKG, body temperature, inspiratory/expiratory time ratio.

14. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, further including at least one sensor adapted to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with said air separation device, said second concentrated oxygen source, and said at least one sensor so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor and cause oxygen gas from the second concentrated oxygen gas source to supplement the oxygen gas supplied from the air separation device when the demand for oxygen gas exceeds the supply capacity of the air separation device, wherein said at least one sensor includes an environmental condition sensor adapted to sense an environment or ambient condition in the environment of said user, said control unit interrelated with said air separation device and said environmental condition sensor to control the air separation device so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the environmental condition sensed by said environmental condition sensor.

15. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, further including at least one sensor adapted to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with said air separation device, said second concentrated oxygen source, and said at least one sensor so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor and cause oxygen gas from the second concentrated oxygen gas source to supplement the oxygen gas supplied from the air separation device when the demand for oxygen gas exceeds the supply capacity of the air separation device, wherein said at least one sensor includes an activity level sensor adapted to sense a level of activity of said user, said control unit interrelated with said air separation device and said activity level sensor t(control the air separation device so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the level of activity of the user sensed by said activity level sensor.

16. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 15, wherein said activity level sensor is a member selected from the group of a pressure sensor, a position sensor, and an acceleration sensor.

17. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, further including a second concentrated oxygen source separate from the air separation device to supplement the supply of concentrated oxygen gas from the air separation device, at least one sensor adapted to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with said air separation device, said second concentrated oxygen source, and said at least one sensor so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or mote conditions sensed by said at least one sensor and cause oxygen gas from the second concentrated oxygen gas source to supplement the oxygen gas supplied from the air separation device when the demand for oxygen gas exceeds the supply capacity of the air separation device, wherein the second concentrated oxygen source is a high-pressure reservoir adapted to supply oxygen gas, said control unit interrelated with said high-pressure reservoir and said at least one sensor to cause said high-pressure reservoir to supply oxygen gas to said user based at least in part upon one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor.

18. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 17, wherein said high-pressure reservoir is adapted to supply oxygen gas at least as long as the time required for said air separation device to supply the full oxygen gas needs of said user.

19. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 17, wherein said control unit is adapted to cause oxygen gas to be supplied to said user from said high-pressure reservoir when the demand for gaseous oxygen by said user exceeds the supply capacity of said air separation device.

20. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 17, wherein said high-pressure reservoir is adapted to be filled by said air separation device.

21. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 17, wherein said high-pressure reservoir is adapted to be filled by an oxygen source external to the system.

22. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 17, wherein said high-pressure reservoir is adapted to be filled by an electrochemical cell capable of producing concentrated oxygen gas.

23. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, further including at least one sensor adapted to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with said air separation device, said second concentrated oxygen source, and said at least one sensor so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor and cause oxygen gas from the second concentrated oxygen gas source to supplement the oxygen gas supplied from the air separation device when the demand for oxygen gas exceeds the supply capacity of the air separation device, wherein said system includes a supply valve, said valve movable between at least a first position and a second position, said second position allowing a greater flow of concentrated gaseous oxygen through than said first position, and said control unit adapted to cause said valve to move from said first position to said second position based at least in part upon one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor.

24. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 23, wherein solid control unit includes a timer, at least one sensor sensor coupled to said timer so that when one or more conditions sensed exceeds a timed period, said control unit causes said valve to move from the first position to the second position.

25. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, further including a gaseous oxygen conservation device in communication with said air separation device and adapted to conserve the oxygen gas flow to said user by allowing oxygen gas flow only upon inhalation by said user.

26. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 25, wherein said gaseous oxygen conservation device is adapted to allow oxygen gas flow only upon a portion of the inhalation cycle.

27. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein the air separation device is a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) concentrator including a LithiumX Zeolite sieve material.

28. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein said system includes a GPS receiver for locating the geographical location of the system.

29. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein the power consumption of the system in an active mode is less than 100 watts and in a conservation mode is less than 40 watts.

30. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein the noise produced by operation of the system is less than 36 dBA at one meter distance when the system is in a conservation mode and is less than 46 dBA at one meter distance when the system is in an active mode.

31. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 1, wherein said energy source is a rechargeable battery.

32. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 31, further including a cradle adapted to receive said portable oxygen concentration system and to couple said system to an external energy source for at least one of charging said rechargeable battery and powering said system.

33. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 32, wherein said, wherein said cradle includes a telemetry mechanism adapted to communicate said system with a remote computer for communicating information related to at least one of said portable oxygen concentration system and said user.

34. The portable oxygen concentration system of claim 32, wherein said cradle includes a humidifier for adding moisture to an air flow path of said system.

35. A method of supplying gaseous oxygen to a user using a portable oxygen concentrator system that is readily transported by said user, comprising:

providing a portable oxygen concentrator system that is readily transportable by a user, the portable oxygen concentrator system comprising;

an internal renewable energy source, an air separation device powered by said renewable energy source to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, the air separation device including a plurality of adsorber columns and a rotating valve, the rotating valve relatively rotatable with respect to the plurality of adsorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorber columns for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, at least one sensor to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with said air separation device and said at least one sensor to control the air separation device so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor, said portable oxygen concentrator system weighing 2-15 pounds;

sensing one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user with said at least one sensor;

controlling said air separation device to operate in at least an active mode and a conservation mode, the air separation device converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas and supplying an amount of concentrated oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor, the rotating valve relatively rotating with respect to the plurality of absorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorber columns for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user.

36. A method of supplying gaseous oxygen to a user using a portable oxygen concentrator system that is readily transported by said user, comprising:

providing a portable oxygen concentrator system that is readily transportable by a user, the portable oxygen concentrator system comprising;

an internal renewable energy source, a vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator including a plurality of adsorber columns and a rotating valve, the rotating valve relatively rotatable with respect to the plurality of adsorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of absorber columns for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, a compressor to compress and supply ambient air to said vacuum pressure swing adsorpition concentrator and draw exhaust gas from the vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator to improve the recovery and productivity of the vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator, the vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator and compressor powered by said renewable energy source, at least one sensor to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with at least one of said vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator, compressor and said at least one sensor so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor, the portable oxygen concentrator system weighing 2-15 pounds;

sensing one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user with at least one sensor;

compressing and supplying ambient air to said vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator with said compressor;

drawing exhaust gas from the vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator to improve the recovery and productivity of the vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator with said compressor; and

controlling said vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator to operate in at least an active mode and a conservation mode, the vacuum pressure swing adsorption concentrator converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas and supplying an amount of concentrated oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor, the rotating valve relatively rotating with respect to the plurality of adsorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorber columns for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user.

37. A method of supplying gaseous oxygen to a user using a portable oxygen concentrator system that is readily transported by said user, comprising:

providing a portable oxygen concentrator system that is readily transportable by a user, the portable oxygen concentrator system comprising;

an internal renewable energy source, an air separation device powered by said energy source and adapted to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, the air separation device including a pump and an oxygen concentrator, the pump adapted to supply ambient air to said oxygen concentrator and said oxygen concentrator adapted to separate concentrated gaseous oxygen from the supplied ambient air and including a plurality of adsorber columns and a rotating valve, the rotating valve relatively rotatable with respect to the plurality of adsorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorber columns for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, at least one sensor adapted to sense one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user, and a control unit interrelated with said air separation device and said at least one sensor so as to supply an amount of oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor, said portable oxygen concentrator system weighing 2-15 pounds;

sensing one or more conditions indicative of the oxygen gas needs of said user with at least one sensor;

controlling the air-separation device to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas and supply an amount of concentrated oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor, the rotating valve relatively rotating with respect to the plurality of adsorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorber columns for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user.

38. The method of claim 37, wherein ambient air is converted into concentrated oxygen gas by a pressure swing adsorption (PSA) process.

39. The method of claim 37, wherein ambient air is converted into concentrated oxygen gas by a vacuum pressure swing adsorption (VPSA) process.

40. The method of claim 37, wherein ambient air is converted into concentrated oxygen gas by a rapid PSA process.

41. The method of claim 37, wherein ambient air is converted into concentrated oxygen gas by a very rapid PSA process.

42. The method of claim 37, wherein ambient air is converted into concentrated oxygen gas by a membrane separation process.

43. The method of claim 37, wherein ambient air is converted into concentrated oxygen gas by an electrochemical process.

44. The method of claim 37, wherein said air-separation device includes:

a variable-speed compressor and a concentrator, the step of controlling an air-separation device includes controlling the speed of said variable-speed compressor based at least in part upon the one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor to supply an amount of concentrated oxygen gas with said concentrator equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user.

45. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing one or more metabolic conditions of said user, and the step of controlling includes controlling an air-separation device to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas and supply an amount of concentrated oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based upon the one or more metabolic conditions sensed by said at least one sensor.

46. The method of claim 45, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing an oxygen level in the user with an oximeter.

47. The method of claim 45, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing a heart rate of the user.

48. The method of claim 45, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing a respiratory rate of the user.

49. The method of claim 45, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing blood pressure of the user.

50. The method of claim 45, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing an EKG of the user.

51. The method of claim 45, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing body temperature of the user.

52. The method of claim 45, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing an inspiratory/expiratory time ratio of the user.

53. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing one or more environmental or ambient conditions in the environment of said user, and the step of controlling includes controlling an air-separation device to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas and supply an amount of concentrated oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based upon the one or more environmental or ambient conditions sensed by said at least one sensor.

54. The method of claim 53, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing the altitude of the portable oxygen concentration system.

55. The method of claim 37, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing a level of activity of said user, and the step of controlling includes controlling an air-separation device to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas and supply an amount of concentrated oxygen gas equivalent to the oxygen gas needs of said user based upon the level of activity sensed by said at least on e sensor.

56. The method of claim 55, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing a pressure exerted by said user when sitting or a lack or pressure when said user is upright.

57. The method of claim 55, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing an position of said user.

58. The method of claim 55, wherein the step of sensing includes sensing an acceleration of said user.

59. The method of claim 37, further including a second concentrated oxygen source separate from the air separation device to supplement the supply of concentrated oxygen gas from the air separation device and the second concentrated oxygen source is a high-pressure reservoir.

60. The method of claim 59, further including the step of controlling said high-pressure reservoir to supply oxygen gas to said user based at least in part upon one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor.

61. The method of claim 59, wherein the step of supplying includes supplying additional oxygen gas with a high-pressure reservoir at least as long as the time required for said air separation device to supply the full oxygen gas needs of said user.

62. The method of claim 59, wherein the step of supplying includes supplying additional oxygen gas with a high-pressure reservoir when the demand for gaseous oxygen by said user exceeds the supply capacity of said air separation device.

63. The method of claim 59, further including the step of filling the high-pressure reservoir with said air separation device.

64. The method of claim 59, further including the step of filling the high-pressure reservoir with an oxygen source external to the system.

65. The method of claim 59, further including the step of filling the high-pressure reservoir with an electrochemical cell capable of producing concentrated oxygen gas.

66. The method of claim 37, wherein said system includes a supply valve, the method further including the step of moving said valve between at least a first position and a second position based at least in part upon one or more conditions sensed by said at least one sensor, said second position allowing a greater flow of concentrated gaseous oxygen through than said first position.

67. The method of claim 66, further including the step of moving said valve from the first position to the second position when one or more conditions sensed exceeds a predetermined timed period.

68. The method of claim 37, further including the step of conserving the oxygen gas flow to said user by allowing oxygen gas flow only upon inhalation by said user.

69. The method of claim 37, wherein the internal renewable energy source includes one or more rechargeable batteries, and the method further including the steps of docking the portable oxygen concentration system in a cradle and charging the one or more rechargeable batteries of the portable oxygen concentration system with a charger in the cradle.

70. The method of claim 37, further including the step of communicating information related to at least one of said portable oxygen concentration system and slid user with a remote computer using a telemetry mechanism in said cradle.

71. The method of claim 37, further including the step of adding moisture to an air flow path of said portable oxygen concentration system using a humidifier in said cradle.

72. The method of claim 37, further including locating the geographical location of said portable oxygen concentration system using a GPS in said portable oxygen concentration system.