Aerosolized active agent delivery

• US 6,655,379 B2
• Filed: 03/11/1999
• Issued: 12/02/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/16/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Novartis Pharma AG (Novartis Ag)
• Original Assignee: Nektar Therapeutics Incorporated
• Inventors: Foulds, George H., Clark, Andrew
• Primary Examiner(s): Lo, Weilun
• Assistant Examiner(s): PATEL, MITAL B
• Application Number:
  US09/266,720
• Publication Number:
  US 20030183228A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,727 Days
• Field of Search: 128/205.24, 128/203.12, 128/200.23, 600/529, 600/533, 600/532, 600/538, 600/539, 600/540, 482/13
• US Class Current: 128/203.12
• CPC Class Codes: A61K 9/0073 Sprays or powders for inhalation; Aerolised or nebulised preparations generated by other means than thermal energy; nasal sprays A61K9/0043; inhalation of vapours of volatile or heated drugs, e.g. essential oils or nicotine, A61K9/007; devices A61M
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/00 Inhalators drug delivery in endotracheal tubes A61M16/04
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 15/002 with air flow regulating means

Abstract

The present invention is directed to methods and devices for delivering an active agent formulation to the lung of a human patient. The active agent formulation may be in dry powder form, it may be nebulized, or it may be in admixture with a propellant. The active agent formulation is delivered to a patient at an inspiratory flow rate of less than 17 liters per minute. The bioavailability of the active agent was found to increase at these flow rates when compared to inspiratory flow rates of 17 liters per minute or more.

Claims

1. A device for increasing the bioavailability of an aerosolized active agent, said device comprising a flow restrictor for limiting the flow of an aerosolized active agent formulation to a human patient to less than 17 liters per minute, wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize the active agent formulation and wherein the active agent formulation is (i) a powder, (ii) a solution, suspension, or slurry that may be nebulized, or (iii) suspended or dissolved in a propellant.

2. The device of claim 1 wherein the flow restrictor comprises an orifice.

3. The device of claim 1 wherein the flow restrictor comprises apertures of 0.5 to 0.9 mm in diameter.

4. The device of claim 1 wherein the flow restrictor is a valve that provides for decreasing resistance with increasing flow rate.

5. The device of claim 1 wherein the flow restrictor is a valve that provides for high resistance at all flow rates except a desired flow rate range.

6. The device of claim 1 wherein the device is adapted to be used with an active agent selected from the group consisting of insulin, cyclosporin, parathyroid hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, alpha-1-antitrypsin, budesonide, human growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, interferon alpha, interferon beta, growth colony stimulating factor, leutinizing hormone releasing hormone, calcitonin, low molecular weight heparin, somatostatin, respiratory syncytial virus antibody, erythropoietin, Factor VIII, Factor IX, ceredase, cerezyme and analogues, agonists and antagonists thereof.

7. The device of claim 1 wherein the active agent formulation is a powder and wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize the active agent formulation.

8. The device of claim 1 wherein the active agent formulation is contained in a blister and wherein the device is adapted to receive the blister.

9. The device of claim 1 wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize a powder active agent formulation.

10. The device of claim 9 wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize the powder active agent formulation using compressed air.

11. A device for delivering an active agent to the lungs of a human patient, said device comprising a flow restrictor for limiting the flow of an aerosolized active agent formulation to less than 17 liters per minute, wherein the flow restrictor is a valve that provides for increasing resistance with increasing flow rate.

12. A device for delivering aerosolized insulin to the lungs of a human patient, wherein said device comprises a flow resirictor to restrict an inspiratory flow rate of an aerosolized insulin formulation to less than 17 liters per minute and wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize the insulin.

13. The device of claim 12 wherein the inspiratory flow rate is 10 liters per minute or less.

14. The device of claim 12 wherein the active agent formulation is a powder and wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize the active agent formulation.

15. The device of claim 12 wherein the active agent formulation is contained in a blister and wherein the device is adapted to receive the blister.

17. The device of claim 12 wherein the device is adapted to deliver an aerosolized insulin formulation to the lungs.

16. A device for delivering an aerosolized active agent to the lungs of a human patient, wherein said device comprises one or more orifices sized so that an aerosolized active agent formulation may be delivered at an inspiratory flow rate of less than 17 liters per minute, wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize the active agent formulation and wherein the active agent formulation is (i) a powder, (ii) a solution, suspension, or slurry that may be nebulized, or (iii) suspended or dissolved in a propellant.

18. The device of claim 16 wherein the orifices are sized so that the aerosolized active agent formulation may be delivered at an inspiratory flow rate of 10 liters per minute or less.

19. The device of claim 16 wherein the active agent formulation is a powder and wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize the active agent formulation.

20. The device of claim 16 wherein the active agent formulation is contained in a blister and wherein the device is adapted to receive the blister.

21. A device for delivering an active agent to the lungs of a human patient, said device comprising:

a chamber in flow communication with a mouthpiece; and

means for limiting an inspiratory flow rate through the mouthpiece to less than 17 liters per minute,

whereby an acrosolized active agent formulation in the chamber may be delivered to the human patient, the active agent formulation being (i) a powder, (ii) a solution, suspension, or slurry that may be nebulized, or (iii) suspended or dissolved in a propellant.

22. The device of claim 21 wherein the inspiratory flow rate is limited to 10 liters per minute or less.

23. The device of claim 21 wherein the device is adapted to deliver an aerosolized insulin formulation to the lungs.

24. The device of claim 21 wherein the active agent formulation is a powder and wherein the device is adapted to aerosolize the active agent formulation.

25. The device of claim 21 wherein the active agent formulation is contained in a blister and wherein the device is adapted to receive the blister.