Methods of performing vagal-induced asystole
First Claim
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1. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
- administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting an electrode into the esophagus of said patient; and
actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.
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Abstract
A method for indirectly stimulating a vagus nerve of a patient includes the steps of positioning one or more electrodes in the vicinity of the vagus nerve and then actuating the electrode(s) to create an electrical field for stimulating the vagus nerve. Disclosed embodiments include positioning one or more electrodes in the esophagus, trachea, or jugular vein, on the neck of the patient, and combinations thereof.
235 Citations
144 Claims
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1. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting an electrode into the esophagus of said patient; and
actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15)
wherein said step of inserting an electrode into the esophagus of said patient comprises the step of inserting a first electrode into the esophagus of said patient; wherein said method comprises the further step of inserting a second electrode into the esophagus of said patient in spaced apart relation to said first electrode; and
wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating at least one of said first and second electrodes to create an electrical field.
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3. The method of claim 2, wherein said step of inserting a second electrode into the esophagus of said patient in spaced apart relation to said first electrode comprises the step of inserting a second electrode into the esophagus of said patient approximately one centimeter from said first electrode.
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4. The method of claim 2, wherein said step of actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating both of said first and second electrodes to create an electrical field.
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5. The method of claim 2, wherein said step of actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating one or both of said electrodes in one of a unipolar or a bipolar mode.
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6. The method of claim 1, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated for a period of between about five and about ninety seconds.
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7. The method of claim 6, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated for a period of between about five and about fifteen seconds.
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8. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about one Hertz and about five hundred Hertz.
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9. The method of claim 8, wherein said step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about one Hertz and about five hundred Hertz comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about twenty Hertz and about eighty Hertz.
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10. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about twenty Hertz and about eighty Hertz comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of about forty Hertz.
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11. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating said electrode to generate electrical impulses having a duration of 0.4 msec.
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12. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of transmitting to said electrode an electrical impulse having an amplitude of from about one to about forty volts.
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13. The method of claim 12, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of transmitting to said electrode an electrical impulse having an amplitude of from about two to about six volts.
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14. The method of claim 1, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated during a surgical procedure selected from the group consisting of:
- coronary artery bypass graft surgery, off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery performed on cardiopulmonary bypass, partially or totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous or surgical transmyocardial laser revascularization procedure, or a surgical procedure performed upon a heart, heart valves, myocardium, coronary vascular structure, peripheral vascular structure, an electrophysiological procedure, a neurosurgical procedure, or a percutaneous transcatheter coronary procedure.
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15. The method of claim 1, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve comprises the step of creating an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve to achieve asystole.
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16. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting an electrode into the trachea of said patient; and
actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30)
wherein said step of inserting an electrode into the trachea of said patient comprises the step of inserting a first electrode into the trachea of said patient; wherein said method comprises the further step of inserting a second electrode into the trachea of said patient in spaced apart relation to said first electrode; and
wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating at least one of said first and second electrodes to create an electrical field.
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18. The method of claim 17, wherein said step of inserting a second electrode into the trachea of said patient in spaced apart relation to said first electrode comprises the step of inserting a second electrode into the trachea of said patient approximately one centimeter from said first electrode.
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19. The method of claim 18, wherein said step of actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating both of said first and second electrodes to create an electrical field.
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20. The method of claim 17, wherein said step of actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating one or both of said electrodes in one of a unipolar or a bipolar mode.
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21. The method of claim 16, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated for a period of between about five and about ninety seconds.
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22. The method of claim 21, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated for a period of between about five and about fifteen seconds.
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23. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about one Hertz and about five hundred Hertz.
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24. The method of claim 23, wherein said step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about one Hertz and about five hundred Hertz comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about twenty Hertz and about eighty Hertz.
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25. The method of claim 24, wherein said step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about twenty Hertz and about eighty Hertz comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of about forty Hertz.
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26. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating said electrode to generate electrical impulses having a duration of 0.4 msec.
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27. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of transmitting to said electrode an electrical impulse having an amplitude of from about one to about forty volts.
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28. The method of claim 27, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of transmitting to said electrode an electrical impulse having an amplitude of from about two to about six volts.
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29. The method of claim 16, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated during a surgical procedure selected from the group consisting of:
- coronary artery bypass graft surgery, off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery performed on cardiopulmonary bypass, partially or totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous or surgical transmyocardial laser revascularization procedure, or a surgical procedure performed upon a heart, heart valves, myocardium, coronary vascular structure, peripheral vascular structure, an electrophysiological procedure, a neurosurgical procedure, or a percutaneous transcatheter coronary procedure.
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30. The method of claim 16, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve comprises the step of creating an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve to achieve asystole.
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31. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting an electrode into the jugular vein of said patient; and
actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44, 45)
wherein said method comprises the further step of inserting a second electrode into the jugular vein of said patient in spaced apart relation to said first electrode; and
wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating at least one of said first and second electrodes to create an electrical field.
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33. The method of claim 32, wherein said step of inserting a second electrode into the jugular of said patient in spaced apart relation to said first electrode comprises the step of inserting a second electrode into the jugular vein of said patient approximately one centimeter from said first electrode.
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34. The method of claim 32, wherein said step of actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating both of said first and second electrodes to create an electrical field.
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35. The method of claim 32, wherein said step of actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating one or both of said electrodes in one of a unipolar or a bipolar mode.
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36. The method of claim 31, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated for a period of between about five and about ninety seconds.
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37. The method of claim 36, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated for a period of between about five and about fifteen seconds.
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38. The method of claim 31, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about one Hertz and about five hundred Hertz.
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39. The method of claim 38, wherein said step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about one Hertz and about five hundred Hertz comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about twenty Hertz and about eighty Hertz.
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40. The method of claim 39, wherein said step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about twenty Hertz and about eighty Hertz comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of about forty Hertz.
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41. The method of claim 31, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating said electrode to generate electrical impulses having a duration of 0.4 msec.
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42. The method of claim 31, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of transmitting to said electrode an electrical impulse having an amplitude of from about one to about forty volts.
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43. The method of claim 42, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of transmitting to said electrode an electrical impulse having an amplitude of from about two to about six volts.
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44. The method of claim 31, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated during a surgical procedure selected from the group consisting of:
- coronary artery bypass graft surgery, off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery performed on cardiopulmonary bypass, partially or totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous or surgical transmyocardial laser revascularization procedure, or a surgical procedure performed upon a heart, heart valves, myocardium, coronary vascular structure, peripheral vascular structure, an electrophysiological procedure, a neurosurgical procedure, or a percutaneous transcatheter coronary procedure.
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45. The method of claim 31, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve comprises the step of creating an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve to achieve asystole.
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46. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
positioning an electrode on the neck of said patient; and
actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (47, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, 58, 59, 60)
wherein said step of positioning an electrode on the neck of said patient comprises the step of positioning a first electrode on the neck of said patient; wherein said method comprises the further step of positioning a second electrode on the neck of said patient in spaced apart relation to said first electrode; and
wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating at least one of said first and second electrodes to create an electrical field.
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48. The method of claim 47, wherein said step of positioning a second electrode on the neck of said patient in spaced apart relation to said first electrode comprises the step of positioning a second electrode on the neck of said patient approximately one centimeter from said first electrode.
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49. The method of claim 47, wherein said step of actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating both of said first and second electrodes to create an electrical field.
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50. The method of claim 47, wherein said step of actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating one or both of said electrodes in one of a unipolar or a bipolar mode.
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51. The method of claim 46, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated for a period of between about five and about ninety seconds.
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52. The method of claim 51, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated for a period of between about five and about fifteen seconds.
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53. The method of claim 46, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about one Hertz and about five hundred Hertz.
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54. The method of claim 53, wherein said step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about one Hertz and about five hundred Hertz comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about twenty Hertz and about eighty Hertz.
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55. The method of claim 54, wherein said step of applying an impulse at a frequency of between about twenty Hertz and about eighty Hertz comprises the step of applying an impulse at a frequency of about forty Hertz.
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56. The method of claim 46, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of actuating said electrode to generate electrical impulses having a duration of 0.4 msec.
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57. The method of claim 46, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of transmitting to said electrode an electrical impulse having an amplitude of from about one to about forty volts.
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58. The method of claim 57, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field comprises the step of transmitting to said electrode an electrical impulse having an amplitude of from about two to about six volts.
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59. The method of claim 46, wherein said vagus nerve is stimulated during a surgical procedure selected from the group consisting of:
- coronary artery bypass graft surgery, off-pump coronary artery bypass graft surgery, coronary artery bypass surgery performed on cardiopulmonary bypass, partially or totally endoscopic coronary artery bypass graft surgery, percutaneous or surgical transmyocardial laser revascularization procedure, or a surgical procedure performed upon a heart, heart valves, myocardium, coronary vascular structure, peripheral vascular structure, an electrophysiological procedure, a neurosurgical procedure, or a percutaneous transcatheter coronary procedure.
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60. The method of claim 46, wherein said step of actuating said electrode to create an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve comprises the step of creating an electrical field effective to stimulate said vagus nerve to achieve asystole.
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61. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting a first electrode into the esophagus of said patient;
inserting a second electrode into the trachea of said patient; and
actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field which stimulates said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (62, 63, 64, 65, 66, 67, 68, 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74)
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75. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting a first electrode into the esophagus of said patient;
inserting a second electrode into a jugular vein of said patient; and
actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field which stimulates said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (76, 77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88)
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89. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting a first electrode into the esophagus of said patient;
placing a second electrode on the neck of said patient; and
actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field which stimulates said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, 96, 97, 98, 99, 100, 101, 102)
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103. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting a first electrode into the trachea of said patient;
inserting a second electrode into a jugular vein of said patient; and
actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field which stimulates said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109, 110, 111, 112, 113, 114, 115, 116)
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117. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting a first electrode into the trachea of said patient;
placing a second electrode on the neck of said patient; and
actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field which stimulates said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (118, 119, 120, 121, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 127, 128, 129, 130)
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131. A method of performing vagal-induced asystole in a patient comprising the steps of:
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administering an amount of a pharmaceutical composition effective to produce cardiac asystole upon stimulation of one or both vagus nerves;
inserting a first electrode into a jugular vein of said patient;
placing a second electrode on the neck of said patient; and
actuating at least one of said electrodes to create an electrical field which stimulates said vagus nerve;
wherein the pharmaceutical composition comprises an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor, a β
-adrenergic receptor blocker, and a calcium channel blocker.- View Dependent Claims (132, 133, 134, 135, 136, 137, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144)
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Specification