Wafer bonded vertical cavity surface emitting laser systems
First Claim
1. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) system, comprising:
- a substrate optically transparent to light in a selected wavelength range;
a vertical stack structure having a substantially planar top side wafer bonded to the optically transparent substrate and a bottom side, and including a top mirror, a bottom mirror, and a cavity region disposed between the top mirror and the bottom mirror and including an active light generation region operable to generate light in the selected wavelength range, wherein the vertical stack structure is constructed and arranged to direct light generated in the cavity region to the optically transparent substrate; and
first and second contacts disposed over the bottom side of the vertical stack structure and electrically connected for driving the cavity region.
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Abstract
Vertical cavity surface emitting laser systems and methods of making the same are described. In one aspect, a vertical cavity surface emitting laser system has a bottom side that may be flip-chip mounted to a driver substrate and a top side that is configured to transmit light through an optically transparent substrate. By this configuration, vertical cavity surface emitting laser systems may be packed together with a greater density and operated at greater speeds relative to, for example, wire bonded vertical cavity surface emitting laser systems. In addition, such systems may be flexibly tailored to produce light over a wide range of wavelengths. Such systems also may be efficiently packaged on a wafer scale.
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Citations
22 Claims
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1. A vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) system, comprising:
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a substrate optically transparent to light in a selected wavelength range;
a vertical stack structure having a substantially planar top side wafer bonded to the optically transparent substrate and a bottom side, and including a top mirror, a bottom mirror, and a cavity region disposed between the top mirror and the bottom mirror and including an active light generation region operable to generate light in the selected wavelength range, wherein the vertical stack structure is constructed and arranged to direct light generated in the cavity region to the optically transparent substrate; and
first and second contacts disposed over the bottom side of the vertical stack structure and electrically connected for driving the cavity region. - View Dependent Claims (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 21)
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11. A method of fabricating a vertical cavity surface emitting laser (VCSEL) system, comprising:
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providing a sacrificial substrate;
forming over the sacrificial substrate a vertical stack structure having a substantially planar top side and a bottom side, and including a top mirror, a bottom mirror, and a cavity region disposed between the top mirror and the bottom mirror and including an active light generation region operable to generate light in a selected wavelength range, wherein the vertical stack structure is constructed and arranged to direct light generated in the cavity region away from the sacrificial substrate; and
wafer bonding the substantially planar top side of the vertical stack structure to a substrate optically transparent to light in the selected wavelength range;
removing the sacrificial substrate after the optically transparent substrate has been wafer bonded to the substantially planar top side of the vertical stack structure; and
forming over the bottom side of the vertical stack structure first and second contacts electrically connected for driving the cavity region. - View Dependent Claims (12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 22)
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Specification