Enhanced functionalized carbon molecular sieves for simultaneous CO2 and water removal from air

• US 6,670,304 B2
• Filed: 01/24/2001
• Issued: 12/30/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 03/09/1998
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Original Assignee: Honeywell International Inc.
• Inventors: Chang, Chin-Hsiung
• Primary Examiner(s): Hendrickson, Stuart L.
• Application Number:
  US09/770,731
• Publication Number:
  US 20020025290A1
• Time in Patent Office: 1,070 Days
• Field of Search: 423/445.R, 502/416, 502/418
• US Class Current: 502/418
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/102 Carbon
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/30 Physical properties of adsorbents
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/306 Surface area, e.g. BET-specific surface
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/308 Pore size
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/311 Porosity, e.g. pore volume
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/12 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/504 Carbon dioxide
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/80 Water
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/416 involving cryogenic temperature treatment
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/02 by adsorption, e.g. preparative gas chromatography solid sorbent compositions B01J20/00, preparation of inorganic compounds or elements C01
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/053 with storage or buffer vessel
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/261 by adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/20 comprising free carbon; comprising carbon obtained by carbonising processes
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28004 Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28057 Surface area, e.g. B.E.T specific surface area
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/28073 being in the range 0.5-1.0 ml/g
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/2808 being less than 2 nm, i.e. micropores or nanopores
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/30 Processes for preparing, regenerating, or reactivating
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3204 Inorganic carriers, supports or substrates
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3242 Layers with a functional group, e.g. an affinity material, a ligand, a reactant or a complexing group
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3248 : the functional group or the linking, spacer or anchoring group as a whole comprising at least one type of heteroatom selected from a nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, these atoms not being part of the carrier as such
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3251 : comprising at least two different types of heteroatoms selected from nitrogen, oxygen or sulphur
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3253 : comprising a cyclic structure not containing any of the heteroatoms nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur, e.g. aromatic structures
• CPC Class Codes: B01J 20/3285 : Coating or impregnation layers comprising different type of functional groups or interactions, e.g. different ligands in various parts of the sorbent, mixed mode, dual zone, bimodal, multimodal, ionic or hydrophobic, cationic or anionic, hydrophilic or hydrophobic
• CPC Class Codes: B29K 2027/08 : PVDC, i.e. polyvinylidene chloride
• CPC Class Codes: Y02C 20/40 : of CO2
• CPC Class Codes: Y02P 70/10 : Greenhouse gas [GHG] capture, material saving, heat recovery or other energy efficient measures, e.g. motor control, characterised by manufacturing processes, e.g. for rolling metal or metal working

Abstract

A carbon dioxide and water adsorbent comprises a carbonized and activated precursor material having first functional sites that adsorb carbon dioxide and second functional sites that adsorb water independently of the first functional sites. The adsorbent is characterized by a total pore volume of between about 1.50 to 2.50 cm³/g, a median pore diameter between about 0.5 to 1.2 nm, and a BET surface area between about 2000 to 2500 m²/g.

Claims

1. A carbon dioxide and water adsorbent, comprising:

an adsorbent material having first functional sites that adsorb said carbon dioxide and second functional sites that adsorb said water, wherein adsorption of said carbon dioxide by said first functional sites is independent of adsorption of said water by said second functional sites, said adsorbent material being characterized by a weight between about 0.0015 to 0.0020 grams, and a packing density between about 0.228 to 0.247 g/cm³.

2. The adsorbent of claim 1, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a total pore volume of between about 1.50 to 2.50 cm³/g.

3. The adsorbent of claim 1, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a median pore diameter between about 0.5 to 1.2 nm.

4. The adsorbent of claim 1, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a BET surface area between about 2000 to 2500 m²/g.

5. The adsorbent of claim 1, wherein said adsorbent material is characterized by a carbon dioxide adsorption capacity between about 4 to 6 wt./wt. % at a temperature of about 15 to 25°

C. and a pressure of about 3 to 4 mm Hg.

6. The adsorbent of claim 1, wherein said adsorbent material is characterized by a water adsorption capacity between about 10 to 30 wt./wt. % at a temperature of about 15 to 25°

C. and a pressure of about 7 to 25 mm Hg.

25. The adsorbent of claim 1, wherein said adsorbent material comprises between about 45 to 60 wt. % of an amine.

7. A carbon dioxide and water adsorbent, comprising:

an adsorbent material having first functional sites that adsorb said carbon dioxide and second functional sites that adsorb said water,

wherein said adsorbent material is characterized by a total pore volume of between about 1.50 to 2.50 cm³/g, a median pore diameter between about 0.5 to 1.2 nm, and a BET surface area between about 2000 to 2500 m²/g.

8. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said first functional sites provide adsorption independently of adsorption by said second functional sites.

9. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said first and second functional sites comprise an amine group.

10. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said adsorbent material is formed from a precursor material, said precursor material characterized by a diameter between about 0.1 to 0.2 inches.

11. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said adsorbent material is formed from a precursor material, said precursor material characterized by a length between about 0.1 to 0.3 inches.

12. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a weight between about 0.0015 to 0.0020 grams.

13. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a packing density of between about 0.228 to 0.247 g/cm³.

14. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a total pore volume of between about 1.7 to 2.2 cm³/g.

15. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a median pore diameter between about 0.7 to 1.0 nm.

16. The adsorbent of claim 7, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a BET surface area between about 2000 to 2300 m²/g.

17. A method of making a carbon dioxide and water adsorbent, comprising:

polymerizing a monomer to produce a precursor material;

carbonizing said precursor material to produce a carbonized precursor material;

activating said carbonized precursor material to produce an adsorbent material; and

functionalizing said adsorbent material by exposing said adsorbent material to an amine, said adsorbent material having first and second functional sites, wherein adsorption of said carbon dioxide by said first functional sites is independent of adsorption of said water by said second functional sites;

and wherein said adsorbent material is characterized by a carbon dioxide adsorption capacity between about 4 to 6 wt./wt. %, as well as a water adsorption capacity between about 10 to 30 wt/wt %, at a pressure of about 3 to 4 mm Hg for carbon dioxide, 7 to 25 mm Hg for water, and a temperature of about 15 to 25°

C.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said precursor material provided by said polymerizing step is characterized by a diameter between about 0.1 to 0.2 inches.

19. The method of claim 17, wherein said precursor material provided by said polymerizing step is characterized by a length between about 0.1 to 0.3 inches.

20. The method of claim 17, wherein said carbonized precursor material provided by said carbonizing step is characterized by a weight between about 0.005 to 0.010 grams.

21. The method of claim 17, wherein said carbonized precursor material provided by said carbonizing step is characterized by a piece density between about 0.828 to 0.975 g/cm³.

22. The method of claim 17, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a total pore volume between about 1.50 to 2.50 cm³/g.

23. The method of claim 17, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a median pore diameter between about 0.5 to 1.2 nm.

24. The method of claim 17, wherein said adsorbent material is further characterized by a BET surface area between about 2000 to 2500 m²/g.

26. The method of claim 17, wherein said activating step comprises a multi-step process wherein said carbonized precursor material is repeatedly exposed to steam at a temperature of between about 800 to 900°

C.