Low-cost HDMI-D packaging technique for integrating an efficient reconfigurable antenna array with RF MEMS switches and a high impedance surface

• US 6,670,921 B2
• Filed: 07/13/2001
• Issued: 12/30/2003
• Est. Priority Date: 07/13/2001
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation), HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Original Assignee: Raytheon Company (Rtx Corporation), HRL Laboratories LLC (The Boeing Co.)
• Inventors: Miles, Robert S., Sievenpiper, Daniel F., Schaffner, James H., Hsu, Tsung-Yuan, Schmitz, Adele E., Tangonan, Gregory L., Loo, Robert Y.
• Primary Examiner(s): Nguyen, Hoang
• Application Number:
  US09/906,035
• Publication Number:
  US 20030011518A1
• Time in Patent Office: 900 Days
• Field of Search: 343/700.MS, 343/753, 343/754, 343/909, 343/910, 343/911, 343/833, 343/834, 343/795
• US Class Current: 343/700.0MS
• CPC Class Codes: H01P 1/2005 Electromagnetic photonic bandgaps [EPB], or photonic bandgaps [PBG]
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 1/38 formed by a conductive layer on an insulating support patch antennas H01Q9/0407; microstrip dipole antennas H01Q9/065; microstrip slot antennas H01Q13/106; transmission line microstrip antennas H01Q13/206; manufacturing reflecting surfaces using insulating material for supporting the reflecting surface H01Q15/142
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/0066 said selective devices being reconfigurable, tunable or controllable, e.g. using switches
• CPC Class Codes: H01Q 15/008 said selective devices having Sievenpipers' mushroom elements

Abstract

A flexible antenna array comprises a plurality of layers of thin metal and a flexible insulating medium arranged as a sandwich of layers. Each layer of the sandwich is patterned as needed to define: (i) antenna segments patterned in one of the metal layers, (ii) an array of metallic top elements formed in a layer spaced from the the antenna segments, the array of metallic top elements being patterned in another metal layer, (iii) a metallic ground plane formed in a layer spaced from the array of metallic top elements, the metallic ground plane having been formed from still another metal layer, and (iv) inductive elements coupling each of the top elements in the array of metallic top elements with said ground plan. An array of remotely controlled switches are provided for coupling selected ones of said antenna segments together.

Claims

1. A method of making a thin, flexible antenna comprising the steps of:

(a) depositing a layer of a flexible insulating medium on a release layer or substrate and patterning the layer of insulating medium to form openings therein;

(b) depositing a metal layer on the previously deposited insulating layer, as patterned, and pattering the metal layer as needed;

(c) depositing a layer of a flexible insulating medium on the previously deposited metal layer, as patterned, and patterning the layer of insulating medium to form openings therein;

(d) repeating steps (b) and (c) as needed to form a multilayered high impedance surface having an upper surface with antenna segments having been patterned from a metal layer previously deposited thereat in accordance with step (b), an array of metallic top elements formed in a layer spaced from the upper surface, the array of metallic top elements having been patterned from a metal layer previously deposited thereat in accordance with step (b), a metallic ground plane formed in a layer spaced from the array of metallic top elements, the metallic ground plane having been formed from a metal layer previously deposited thereat in accordance with step (b);

(e) placing optically controlled switches adjacent at least selected ones of said antenna segments for coupling the adjacent antenna segments together in response to light impinging a photovoltaic cell associated each optically controlled switch; and

(f) disposing optic wave guides or fibers on or adjacent said high impedance surface with distal ends of each optic wave guide or fiber being coupled to a respective one of said optically controlled switches for coupling light carried by the optic wave guide or fibre to the photovoltaic cells associated with the optically controlled switch.

2. The method of claim 1 wherein the optically controlled switches are MEM switches.

3. The method of claim 1 wherein, in step (d), inductive elements are provided coupling each of the top elements in the array of metallic top elements with said ground plane, the inductive elements being formed from one or more metal layers previously deposited in accordance with step (b).

4. The method of claim 3 wherein, in step (d), the inductive elements include discrete inductors are formed in series with studs connecting the array of top elements with said ground plane, the discrete inductors being formed on a layer of insulating medium.

5. The method of claim 1 wherein the optic wave guides or fibers are disposed on or in a substrate having a lower index of refraction than an index of refraction associated with the wave guides or fibers.

6. The method of claim 1 wherein the insulating medium is polyimide.

7. A method of making an antenna comprising the steps of:

(a) patterning a layer of insulating medium to form openings therein;

(b) depositing a metal layer on the previously deposited insulating layer, as patterned, and pattering the metal layer as needed;

(c) depositing a layer of insulating medium on the previously deposited metal layer, as patterned, and patterning the layer of insulating medium to form openings therein;

(d) repeating steps (b) and (c) as needed to form a multilayered high impedance surface having an upper surface with antenna segments having been patterned from a metal layer previously deposited thereat in accordance with step (b), an array of metallic top elements formed in a layer spaced from the upper surface, the array of metallic top elements having been patterned from a metal layer previously deposited thereat in accordance with step (b), a metallic ground plane formed in a layer spaced from the array of metallic top elements, the metallic ground plane having been formed from a metal layer previously deposited thereat in accordance with step (b);

(e) placing remotely controlled switches adjacent at least selected ones of said antenna segments for coupling the adjacent antenna segments together in response to an actuating signal associated with each remotely controlled switch; and

(f) disposing actuating signal channels in or adjacent said high impedance surface with distal ends of each channel being operatively associated with a respective one of said remotely controlled switches for coupling the actuating signal carried thereby to the associated remotely controlled switch.

8. The method of claim 7 wherein the remotely controlled switches are MEM switches.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the remotely controlled switches are optically controlled MEM switches.

10. The method of claim 9 wherein the channels are defined by optic wave guides or fibers disposed on or in a substrate.

11. The method of claim 7 wherein, in step (d), inductive elements are provided coupling each of the top elements in the array of metallic top elements with said ground plane, the inductive elements being formed from one or more metal layers previously deposited in accordance with step (b).

12. The method of claim 11 wherein, in step (d), the inductive elements include discrete inductors are formed in series with studs connecting the array of top elements with said ground plane, the discrete inductors being formed on a layer of insulating medium.

13. A flexible antenna array comprising:

(a) a plurality of layers of thin metal and layers of a flexible insulating medium arranged as a sandwich of layers, each layer of the sandwich being patterned as needed to define;

(i) antenna segments patterned in one of the metal layers,

(ii) an array of metallic top elements formed in a layer spaced from the the antenna segments, the array of metallic top elements being patterned in another metal layer, and

(iii) a metallic ground plane formed in a layer spaced from the array of metallic top elements, the metallic ground plane having been formed from still another metal layer; and

(b) an array of remotely controlled switches for coupling selected ones of said antenna segments together.

14. The array of claim 13 wherein the switches are optically controlled MEMs switches.

15. The array of claim 14 further including a dielectric layer supporting optic fibres, the dielectric layer being disposed adjacent the MEMs switches and the optic fibres having associated reflecting surfaces for reflecting light carried by the optic fibers or wave guides onto light sensitive surface associates with said optically controlled MEMs switches.

16. The array of claim 15 wherein the dielectric layer has a plurality of cavities formed therein for accommodating said MEM switches when the dielectric layer being disposed adjacent the MEMs switches.

17. The array of claim 15 wherein the optic wave guides or fibers are disposed on or in the dielectric layer and wherein the dielectric layer has a lower index of refraction than an index of refraction associated with the wave guides or fibers.

18. The array of claim 13 wherein the layers of a flexible insulating medium are layers of polyimide.

19. The array of claim 13 wherein at least one of said plurality of layers of thin metal is patterned to define:

(iv) inductive elements coupling each of the top elements in the array of metallic top elements with said ground plane.

20. The array of claim 19 wherein the inductors are spiral inductors disposed between two layers of flexible insulating medium.