Extended range power detector

• US 6,678,506 B1
• Filed: 01/10/2000
• Issued: 01/13/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 01/13/1999
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Apple Inc.
• Original Assignee: Nortel Networks Limited (Nortel Networks Corporation)
• Inventors: Widdowson, Scott, Dolman, Graham
• Primary Examiner(s): Trost, William
• Assistant Examiner(s): Ferguson, Keith
• Application Number:
  US09/480,510
• Time in Patent Office: 1,464 Days
• Field of Search: 455/126,127,115,116,550,423,424,425 330/51,124 R,129,140
• US Class Current: 455/127.3
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 15/09 Autoranging circuits
• CPC Class Codes: G01R 21/10 by using square-law characteristics of circuit elements, e.g. diodes, to measure power absorbed by loads of known impedance G01R21/02 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2200/465 Power sensing
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 2203/45138 Two or more differential amplifiers in IC-block form are combined, e.g. measuring amplifiers
• CPC Class Codes: H03F 3/45475 using IC blocks as the active amplifying circuit

Abstract

This invention relates to power detectors as employed in electrical circuits in general. The invention also relates to power detectors associated with high power amplifiers and, in particular, but not exclusively, relates to power detectors associated with telecommunications high power and high frequency power amplifiers. The present invention further provides apparatus and methods of switching amplifier blocks. The present invention seeks to provide an improved power detector having an increased range. In accordance with a first aspect of the invention, there is provided a radio frequency power detector, which detector comprises a radio frequency coupler, a radio frequency to direct current voltage converter and an operational amplifier circuit to provide voltage scaling; wherein the operational amplifier circuit includes a plurality of amplifiers operable to amplify the dc signals. The amplifiers can be switched into operation under microprocessor control or by diode switching. In accordance with a second aspect of the invention, there is provided a method of operating this radio frequency power detector.

Claims

1. A radio frequency power detector, which detector comprises a radio frequency coupler, a radio frequency to direct current voltage converter and an operational amplifier circuit to provide voltage scaling;

wherein the operational amplifier circuit includes a plurality of amplifiers operable to amplify the dc signals, and wherein the plurality of amplifiers are sequentially independently operable over particular power ranges, whereby the full range of operation of the detector is determined by the discrete ranges of operation of the plurality of amplifiers.

2. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 1, wherein the amplifiers are switched into operation by means of diodes which are brought into operation depending upon the gain and offset voltages for the respective amplifiers within the amplification circuitry.

3. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 1, wherein the amplifiers are switched into operation under microprocessor control.

4. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency to direct current voltage converter is a diode detector.

5. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 1, wherein, the radio frequency to direct current voltage converter is a Schottky diode detector.

6. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 1, wherein the radio frequency to direct current voltage converter is a diode detector and the diode detector has an additional diode to cancel the voltage drop occurring through the diode.

7. A method of operating a radio frequency power detector, which detector comprises a radio frequency coupler, a radio frequency to direct current voltage converter and an operational amplifier circuit to provide voltage scaling;

wherein the operational amplifier circuit includes a plurality of amplifiers operable to amplify the dc signals, and wherein the plurality of amplifiers are sequentially independently operable over particular power ranges, whereby the full range of operation of the detector is determined by the discrete ranges of operation of the plurality of amplifiers, the method comprising the steps of coupling rf energy, converting the rf energy to direct current voltage and outputting a signal of voltage Vrf to an amplification circuit, and operating the amplifier appropriate for the particular level of voltage.

8. A method of operating a radio frequency power detector according to claim 7, wherein the amplifiers are switched into operation by means of diodes which are brought into operation depending upon the gain and offset voltages for the respective amplifiers within the amplification circuitry.

9. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 7, wherein the amplifiers are switched into operation under microprocessor control.

10. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 7, wherein the radio frequency to direct current voltage converter is a diode detector.

11. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 7, wherein, the radio frequency to direct current voltage converter is a Schottky diode detector.

12. A radio frequency power detector according to claim 7, wherein the radio frequency to direct current voltage converter is a diode detector and the diode detector has an additional diode to cancel the voltage drop occurring through the diode.

13. A telecommunications cellular base station including a power detector arrangement comprising a radio frequency coupler, a radio frequency to direct current voltage converter and an operational amplifier circuit to provide voltage scaling;

wherein the operational amplifier circuit includes a plurality of amplifiers operable to amplify the dc signals, and wherein the plurality of amplifiers are sequentially independently operable over particular power ranges, whereby the full range of operation of the detector is determined by the discrete ranges of operation of the plurality of amplifiers.

14. A method of operating a telecommunications cellular base station including a power detector arrangement;

which detector comprises a radio frequency coupler, a radio frequency to direct current voltage converter and an operational amplifier circuit to provide voltage scaling;

wherein the operational amplifier circuit includes a plurality of amplifiers operable to amplify the dc signals, and wherein the plurality of amplifiers are sequentially independently operable over particular power ranges, whereby the full range of operation of the detector is determined by the discrete ranges of operation of the plurality of amplifiers, the method comprising the steps of coupling rf energy, converting the rf energy to direct current voltage and outputting a signal of voltage Vrf to an amplification circuit, and operating the amplifier appropriate for the particular level of voltage.

15. A telecommunications system including a power detector arrangement comprising a radio frequency coupler, a radio frequency to direct current voltage converter and an operational amplifier circuit to provide voltage scaling;

wherein the operational amplifier circuit includes a plurality of amplifiers operable to amplify the dc signals, and wherein the plurality of amplifiers are sequentially independently operable over particular power ranges, whereby the full range of operation of the detector is determined by the discrete ranges of operation of the plurality of amplifiers.

16. A method of operating a telecommunications system including a power detector arrangement;

which detector comprises a radio frequency coupler, a radio frequency to direct current voltage converter and an operational amplifier circuit to provide voltage scaling;

wherein the operational amplifier circuit includes a plurality of amplifiers operable to amplify the dc signals, and wherein the plurality of amplifiers are sequentially independently operable over particular power ranges, whereby the full range of operation of the detector is determined by the discrete ranges of operation of the plurality of amplifiers, the method comprising the steps of coupling rf energy, converting the rf energy to direct current voltage and outputting a signal of voltage Vrf to an amplification circuit, and operating the amplifier appropriate for the particular level of voltage.