Method and apparatus for embedding data in encoded digital bitstreams

• US 6,687,384 B1
• Filed: 03/27/2000
• Issued: 02/03/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 03/27/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: DigiMedia Tech, LLC (IP Investments Group LLC)
• Original Assignee: Sarnoff Corporation (SRI International, Inc.)
• Inventors: Isnardi, Michael A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Jayanti K.
• Application Number:
  US09/535,213
• Time in Patent Office: 1,408 Days
• Field of Search: 382/100, 382/232, 382/233-236, 382/245-247, 382/251, 382/248, 382/253, 341/50, 345/501, 348/383, 348/420.1, 348/423.1, 348/745, 348/425.4, 370/392, 375/240.03, 375/240.26, 712/300
• US Class Current: 382/100
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/174 the region being a slice, e.g. a line of blocks or a group of blocks
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/176 the region being a block, e.g. a macroblock
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/46 Embedding additional information in the video signal during the compression process H04N19/517, H04N19/68, H04N19/70 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/467 characterised by the embedded information being invisible, e.g. watermarking
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/61 in combination with predictive coding
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 19/70 characterised by syntax aspects related to video coding, e.g. related to compression standards
• CPC Class Codes: H04N 21/23892 involving embedding information at multiplex stream level, e.g. embedding a watermark at packet level

Abstract

A method and apparatus for embedding data in an encoded video bitstream, for example, an MPEG or MPEG-like bitstream, wherein the bitstream includes redundantly coded syntax element values of which one is an overriding value, includes mandatorily coding the syntax element overriding value and replacing the non-overriding syntax element value with the data to be embedded. Apparatus for embedding data in such bitstream includes a coder creating the coded video bitstream with such value mandatorily coded in the overriding syntax element position therein, and a data inserter for inserting the data to be embedded into the non-overriding syntax element position. In an MPEG compressed bitstream, the quantization scale code (QSC) value is mandatorily explicitly coded in the first coded macroblock following a slice header and the embedded data is inserted into the QSC position in the slice header. The invention may be embodied in a computer implemented process and/or in apparatus performing such computer implemented process.

Claims

1. A method for embedding data in a coded bitstream wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in plural positions, the value thereof coded in one position being overriding respecting the value coded in the other position, comprising:

coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding syntax element position; and

inserting the embedded data into the other syntax element position.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising creating the overriding syntax element position in the coded bitstream while coding the bitstream.

3. The method of claim 1 further comprising decoding the coded bitstream responsive to the overriding syntax element value thereof.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the coded bitstream is coded according to one of MPEG and MPEG-like coding, and wherein the overriding syntax element position is in a first coded macroblock following a slice header.

5. A method for embedding data in a coded bitstream wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in plural positions, the value thereof coded in one position being overriding respecting the value coded in the other position, comprising:

coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding syntax element position; and

inserting the embedded data into the other syntax element position,

wherein said coding a value includes re-coding the coded bitstream to create the overriding syntax element position, and inserting the value of the one syntax element therein.

6. The method of claim 5 further comprising re-coding the coded bitstream to undo any change in the bit count caused by said re-coding the coded bitstream to create the overriding syntax element position and inserting the value of the one syntax element therein.

7. A method for embedding data in a coded bitstream wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in plural positions, the value thereof coded in one position being overriding respecting the value coded in the other position, comprising:

coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding syntax element position; and

inserting the embedded data into the other syntax element position,

decoding the coded bitstream responsive to the overriding syntax element value thereof;

searching for the other syntax element position, and

extracting the embedded data therefrom.

8. A method for embedding data in a coded bitstream wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in plural positions, the value thereof coded in one position being overriding respecting the value coded in the other position, comprising:

coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding syntax element position; and

inserting the embedded data into the other syntax element position,

wherein said syntax element value includes N bits and wherein said embedded data includes at least M x N bits, wherein said inserting the embedded data comprises;

separating the embedded data into at least M segments of N bits each, and

inserting one of the M segments into a series of at least M other syntax element positions.

9. A method for embedding data in a coded bitstream having headers and data blocks wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in a header and in a data block position, the value thereof coded in one of the header and the data block positions being overriding respecting the value coded in the other of the header and data block positions, comprising:

coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding one of the header and data block positions; and

inserting the embedded data into the other of the header and data block positions.

10. The method of claim 9 further comprising creating the overriding one of the header and data block positions in the coded bitstream while coding the bitstream.

11. The method of claim 9 further comprising decoding the coded bitstream responsive to the syntax element value in the overriding one of the header and data block positions thereof.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the data block position is the overriding syntax element position.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the coded bitstream is coded according to one of MPEG and MPEG-like coding, and wherein the data block position is a first coded macroblock following a slice header.

14. A method for embedding data in a coded bitstream having headers and data blocks wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in a header and in a data block position, the value thereof coded in one of the header and the data block positions being overriding respecting the value coded in the other of the header and data block positions, comprising:

coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding one of the header and data block positions; and

inserting the embedded data into the other of the header and data block positions,

wherein said coding a value includes re-coding the coded bitstream to create the overriding one of the header and data block positions, and inserting the value of the one syntax element therein.

15. The method of claim 14 further comprising re-coding the coded bitstream to undo any change in the bit count caused by said re-coding the coded bitstream to create the overriding one of the header and data block positions and inserting the value of the one syntax element therein.

16. A method for embedding data in a coded bitstream having headers and data blocks wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in a header and in a data block position, the value thereof coded in one of the header and the data block positions being overriding respecting the value coded in the other of the header and data block positions, comprising:

coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding one of the header and data block positions;

inserting the embedded data into the other of the header and data block positions,

decoding the coded bitstream responsive to the syntax element value in the overriding one of the header and data block positions thereof;

searching for the other one of the header and data block positions, and

extracting the embedded data therefrom.

17. A method for embedding data in a coded bitstream having headers and data blocks wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in a header and in a data block position, the value thereof coded in one of the header and the data block positions being overriding respecting the value coded in the other of the header and data block positions, comprising:

coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding one of the header and data block positions; and

inserting the embedded data into the other of the header and data block positions,

wherein said syntax element value includes N bits and wherein said embedded data includes at least M x N bits, wherein said inserting the embedded data comprises;

separating the embedded data into at least M segments of N bits each, and

inserting one of the M segments into a series of at least M ones of the other of the header and data block positions.

18. A method for hiding data in an MPEG coded bitstream, wherein the coded bitstream includes a series of slices each having a slice header and at least one macroblock following the slice header, comprising:

explicitly coding a quantization scale code in at least the first coded macroblock following each slice header, and

hiding data in the quantization scale code position of at least one of the slice headers.

19. A method for hiding data in an MPEG coded bitstream, wherein the coded bitstream includes a series of slices each having a slice header and at least one macroblock following the slice header, comprising:

explicitly coding a quantization scale code in at least the first coded macroblock following each slice header, and

hiding data in the quantization scale code position of at least one of the slice headers,

wherein coding the coded bitstream includes said explicitly coding a quantization scale code in at least the first coded macroblock following each slice header.

20. A method for hiding data in an MPEG coded bitstream, wherein the coded bitstream includes a series of slices each having a slice header and at least one macroblock following the slice header, comprising:

explicitly coding a quantization scale code in at least the first coded macroblock following each slice header, and

hiding data in the quantization scale code position of at least one of the slice headers,

wherein said explicitly coding a quantization scale code value includes recoding the coded bitstream to code the first macroblock following the slice header for explicit quantization scale factor coding, and inserting the value of the quantization scale code therein.

21. The method of claim 20 further comprising re-coding the coded bitstream to undo any increase in the bit count caused by said re-coding the coded bitstream to code the first macroblock following the slice header for explicit quantization scale factor coding and inserting the value of the quantization scale code therein.

22. A method for hiding data in an MPEG coded bitstream, wherein the coded bitstream includes a series of slices each having a slice header and at least one macroblock following the slice header, comprising:

explicitly coding a quantization scale code in at least the first coded macroblock following each slice header,

hiding data in the quantization scale code position of at least one of the slice headers; and

creating the explicitly coded quantization scale code in the first macroblock following the slice header while coding the bitstream.

23. A method for hiding data in an MPEG coded bitstream, wherein the coded bitstream includes a series of slices each having a slice header and at least one macroblock following the slice header, comprising:

explicitly coding a quantization scale code in at least the first coded macroblock following each slice header,

hiding data in the quantization scale code position of at least one of the slice headers; and

decoding the coded bitstream responsive to the quantization scale code value in the first coded macroblock following the slice header.

24. The method of claim 23 further comprising:

searching for the slice headers; and

extracting the hidden data therefrom.

25. A method for hiding data in an MPEG coded bitstream, wherein the coded bitstream includes a series of slices each having a slice header and at least one macroblock following the slice header, comprising:

explicitly coding a quantization scale code in at least the first coded macroblock following each slice header, and

hiding data in the quantization scale code position of at least one of the slice headers,

wherein said quantization scale code value includes N bits and wherein said hidden data includes at least M x N bits, wherein said inserting the hidden data comprises;

separating the hidden data into at least M segments of N bits each, and

inserting one of the M segments into a series of at least M ones of the slice header quantization scale code positions.

26. A coder for embedding data in a coded bitstream having headers and data blocks wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in a header and in a data block position, comprising:

means for coding a bitstream having at least one syntax element that can be coded in a header and in a data block position, wherein the value thereof coded in one of the header and the data block positions is overriding respecting the value coded in the other of the header and data block positions;

means for coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding one of the header and data block positions; and

means for inserting the embedded data into the other of the header and data block positions.

27. A coder for embedding data in a coded bitstream having headers and data blocks wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in a header and in a data block position, comprising:

means for coding a bitstream having at least one syntax element that can be coded in a header and in a data block position, wherein the value thereof coded in one of the header and the data block positions is overriding respecting the value coded in the other of the header and data block positions;

means for coding a value of the one syntax element in the overriding one of the header and data block positions; and

means for inserting the embedded data into the other of the header and data block positions,

wherein said means for coding a value includes;

means for re-coding the coded bitstream to create the overriding one of the header and data block positions, and

means for inserting the value of the one syntax element therein.

28. The coder of claim 27 further comprising means for re-coding the coded bitstream to undo any change in the bit count caused by re-coding the coded bitstream to create the overriding one of the header and data block positions and inserting the value of the one syntax element therein.

29. A storage medium encoded with machine-readable computer instructions for embedding data in a coded bitstream wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in plural positions, the value thereof coded in one position being overriding respecting the value coded in the other position, comprising:

means for causing a computer to code a value of the one syntax element in the overriding syntax element position; and

means for causing the computer to insert the embedded data into the other syntax element position.

30. The storage medium of claim 29 further comprising means for causing the computer to create the overriding syntax element position in the coded bitstream while coding the bitstream.

31. A storage medium encoded with machine-readable computer instructions for embedding data in a coded bitstream wherein the coded bitstream has at least one syntax element that can be coded in plural positions, the value thereof coded in one position being overriding respecting the value coded in the other position, comprising:

means for causing a computer to code a value of the one syntax element in the overriding syntax element position; and

means for causing the computer to insert the embedded data into the other syntax element position;

wherein said means for causing a computer to code a value includes means for causing the computer to re-code the coded bitstream to create the overriding syntax element position, and means for causing the computer to insert the value of the one syntax element therein.

32. The storage medium of claim 31 further comprising means for causing the computer to re-code the coded bitstream to undo any change in the bit count caused by said means for causing the computer to re-code the coded bitstream to create the overriding syntax element position and means for causing the computer to insert the value of the one syntax element therein.