Combined regenerative and friction braking system for a vehicle

• US 6,687,593 B1
• Filed: 09/06/2002
• Issued: 02/03/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/06/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Ford Global Technologies, LLC (Ford Motor Company)
• Original Assignee: Ford Motor Company
• Inventors: Crombez, Dale Scott, Napier, Steven Lee
• Primary Examiner(s): Beaulieu, Yonel
• Assistant Examiner(s): Hernandez, Olga
• Application Number:
  US10/064,996
• Time in Patent Office: 515 Days
• Field of Search: 701/71, 701/73, 701/70, 701/80, 701/82, 701/90, 701/91, 303/151, 303/152, 318/371, 318/372, 318/376, 180/170
• US Class Current: 701/71
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 15/2009 for braking
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/423 Torque
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/80 Time limits
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2250/26 by pedal actuation
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 3/108 whilst braking, i.e. ABS
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/12 for vehicles propelled by dc motors
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 7/26 Controlling the braking effect
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 1/10 by utilising wheel movement for accumulating energy, e.g. driving air compressors
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 13/586 the retarders being of the electric type
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 13/74 with electrical assistance or drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 2270/602 ABS features related thereto
• CPC Class Codes: B60T 8/3215 Systems characterised by having means acting on components of the drive line, e.g. retarder, clutch or differential gear B60T8/322 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/184 with wheel brakes
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18127 Regenerative braking
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/64 Electric machine technologies in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/72 Electric energy management in electromobility
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/947 Characterized by control of braking, e.g. blending of regeneration, friction braking

Abstract

A combined regenerative and friction braking system for the road wheels of a vehicle includes a friction braking subsystem, a regenerative braking subsystem coupled to the road wheels equipped with the friction braking subsystem, and a brake system controller for controlling both the friction and regenerative braking subsystems such that regenerative braking is restored to a maximum practicable value following conclusion of an antilock braking event.

Claims

1. A method of operating friction and regenerative braking subsystems in a vehicle following the end of an ABS event, wherein a regenerative braking limit for an axle is first set to approximate the total braking torque developed by the friction and regenerative brakes associated with the axle as the ABS event ends, with the regenerative braking torque thereafter being increased, but not decreased, in accord with the total brake torque assigned to that axle according to the driver'"'"'s braking demand and the requirements of balanced braking following the ABS event.

2. A method according to claim 1, wherein said regenerative braking limit is set equal to the total balanced brake torque on the regenerative axle if the total balanced brake torque is greater than a previously determined regenerative braking limit.

3. A method according to claim 2, wherein said regenerative braking limit is set so as not to exceed a maximum regenerative system brake torque.

4. A method according to claim 1, wherein the regenerative braking limit is set to a maximum regenerative system brake torque when the driver'"'"'s demand for braking is removed.

5. A method according to claim 1, wherein the regenerative braking limit is set to a maximum regenerative system brake torque if the amount of time following the end of an ABS event exceeds a predetermined threshold.

6. A method according to claim 5, wherein said vehicle has an electrodrive regenerative braking system, and the maximum system brake torque is the maximum regenerative brake torque which may be developed by the regenerative braking system for the axle in question, where said maximum brake torque is a function of at least the state of charge of an electric storage battery connected with an electrodrive motor-generator unit.

7. A combined regenerative and friction braking system for road wheels of a vehicle, comprising:

a friction braking subsystem coupled to a plurality of road wheels;

a regenerative braking subsystem coupled to the road wheels equipped with the friction braking subsystem; and

a brake system controller for controlling both the friction braking subsystem and the regenerative braking subsystem, such that operation in an antilock operating mode will be followed by a period of operation in which the maximum braking torque applied by the regenerative braking subsystem to a particular axle is limited to a level comparable to the maximum brake torque applied by the friction and regenerative braking subsystems as antilock operation ended.

8. A combined regenerative and friction braking system according to claim 7, wherein the brake system controller operates the regenerative braking subsystem so as to increase available regenerative braking torque to a predetermined maximum system value as the brake torque demanded by the driver increases, with said controller maintaining the available regenerative braking torque at said maximum system value notwithstanding a decrease in the driver'"'"'s braking demand.

9. A combined regenerative and friction braking system according to claim 7, wherein said regenerative braking subsystem comprises a rotating electrical machine coupled to said at least one road wheel, as well as to an electrical storage device.

10. A combined regenerative and friction braking system according to claim 7, wherein said regenerative braking subsystem comprises a hydraulic motor coupled to said at least one road wheel, as well as to a hydraulic storage device.

11. A combined regenerative and friction braking system according to claim 7, wherein said regenerative braking subsystem comprises a kinetic energy storage device coupled to said at least one road wheel.

12. A combined regenerative and friction braking system according to claim 7, wherein said controller operates the friction braking subsystem and the regenerative braking subsystem such that when antilock operation ceases brake torque will initially be applied by both the regenerative and friction braking subsystems, with said controller increasing the regenerative brake torque in accord with balanced braking demand until a maximum regenerative system brake torque is reached.

13. A combined regenerative and friction braking system according to claim 7, wherein said regenerative braking subsystem is applied to each of said plurality of road wheels to which the friction brakes are applied.

14. A method for operating friction braking and regenerative braking subsystems for the axle of a vehicle, comprising the steps of:

operating said friction braking subsystem in an antilock mode;

transitioning from the antilock mode to a mode in which maximum regenerative braking torque is immediately set to a post-ABS limit; and

maintaining the regenerative braking torque at the post-ABS limit until a predetermined time has passed since the end of the antilock mode.