Portable oxygen concentration system and method of using the same

• US 6,691,702 B2
• Filed: 04/29/2002
• Issued: 02/17/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 08/03/2000
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Caire Incorporated (Niterra Co., Ltd.)
• Original Assignee: Sequal Technologies Incorporated (Niterra Co., Ltd.), Teijin Limited
• Inventors: Winter, David Phillip, Salter, Edmund, Appel, William Scot, Sward, Brian Kenneth, Bixby, James A., Sugano, Masato
• Primary Examiner(s): Lo, Weilun
• Assistant Examiner(s): Mendoza, Michael G.
• Application Number:
  US10/134,868
• Publication Number:
  US 20030005928A1
• Time in Patent Office: 659 Days
• Field of Search: 128/201.25, 128/205.11, 128/205.18, 128/204.17, 128/204.22, 128/204.21, 128/202.26, 128/205.12, 128/204.18, 128/204.23, 128/204.26, 251/283
• US Class Current: 128/202.26
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/024 including calculation means, e.g. using a processor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/0677 Gas-saving devices therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/10 Preparation of respiratory gases or vapours
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/101 using an oxygen concentrator
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/107 in the inspiratory path
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 16/1075 by influencing the temperature A61M16/1045 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2016/1025 the O2 concentration
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0007 introduced into the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/0208 Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2202/03 Gases in liquid phase, e.g. cryogenic liquids
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/332 Force measuring means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3553 remote, e.g. between patient's home and doctor's office
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/3569 sublocal, e.g. between console and disposable
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8212 with means or measures taken for minimising energy consumption
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2205/8237 Charging means
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/04 Heartbeat characteristics, e.g. ECG, blood pressure modulation
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/06 Heartbeat rate only
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/205 partial oxygen pressure (P-O2)
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/30 Blood pressure A61M2230/04 takes precedence
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/40 Respiratory characteristics
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/42 : Rate
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/50 : Temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61M 2230/63 : Motion, e.g. physical activity
• CPC Class Codes: A62B 19/00 : Cartridges with absorbing substances for respiratory apparatus carbon dioxide absorbing devices A61M16/22
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/104 : Alumina
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/106 : Silica or silicates
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2253/108 : Zeolites
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2256/12 : Oxygen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/102 : Nitrogen
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2257/80 : Water
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40005 : using rotary valves
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40009 : using sensors or gas analysers
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40052 : Recycled product or process gas
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/40081 : Counter-current
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/402 : using two beds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4061 : using five beds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4065 : using eight beds
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4533 : for medical purposes
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2259/4541 : for portable use, e.g. gas masks
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 2313/18 : Specific valves
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0446 : Means for feeding or distributing gases
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/047 : Pressure swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0473 : Rapid pressure swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/0476 : Vacuum pressure swing adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/053 : with storage or buffer vessel
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/22 : by diffusion manufacturing semi-permeable membranes B01D67/00; form, structure or properties of semi-permeable membranes B01D69/00; material for semi-permeable membranes B01D71/00
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/261 : by adsorption
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 53/326 : in electrochemical cells
• CPC Class Codes: B01D 63/00 : Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
• CPC Class Codes: F16K 15/021 : the valve member being a movable body around which the medium flows when the valve is open F16K15/025 - F16K15/12 take precedence

Abstract

A portable oxygen concentrator system adapted to be readily transported by a user includes a rechargeable energy source and a concentrator powered by the energy source. The concentrator converts ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for the user and includes a plurality of adsorption beds and a rotary valve assembly. The rotary valve assembly is relatively rotatable with respect to the plurality of adsorption beds to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorption beds for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for the user. The ratio of adiabatic power to oxygen flow for the concentrator is in the range of 6.2 W/LPM to 23.0 W/LPM.

Claims

1. A portable oxygen concentrator system adapted to be readily transported by a user, comprising:

a rechargeable energy source;

a concentrator powered by said energy source and adapted to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, the concentrator including a plurality of adsorption beds and a rotary valve assembly, the rotary valve assembly relatively rotatable with respect to the plurality of adsorption beds to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorption beds for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user,

wherein the ratio of adiabatic power to oxygen flow for the concentrator is in the range of 6.2 W/LPM to 23.0 W/LPM.

2. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the concentrator includes exactly five adsorption beds.

3. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the rotary valve assembly includes a valve port plate and a rotary valve shoe having respective engaged surfaces and relatively rotatable about a common center of rotation to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids therethrough, and a centering mechanism other than a motor to center the rotary valve shoe relative to the valve port plate.

4. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 3, wherein the valve port plate and the rotary valve shoe include respective central holes, and the centering mechanism includes a centering pin disposed in the central holes of the valve port plate and rotary valve shoe to center the rotary valve shoe relative to the valve port plate.

5. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 3, wherein the valve port plate and rotary valve shoe include cylindrical sidewalls, and the centering mechanism includes a centering ring disposed around the sidewalls of the valve port plate and the rotary valve shoe to center the rotary valve shoe relative to the valve port plate.

6. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the adsorption beds carry adsorbent material, and include a first end, a second end, an adsorbent media disposed in the adsorption beds between the first end and the second end, a media retention cap disposed between the adsorbent media and the second end, a spring to urge the media retention cap against the adsorbent material to hold the adsorbent media in place, and the spring not located in a flow path of the adsorption beds.

7. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 6, wherein the media retention cap includes a surface that contacts the adsorbent media, the surface including a central hole and a plurality of ribs radiating from the central hole.

8. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 6, wherein the media retention cap includes a bottom base with an interior, and the spring is disposed in the interior of the bottom base.

9. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the rotary valve assembly includes a valve port plate and a rotary valve shoe having respective engaged surfaces and relatively rotatable about a common center of rotation to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids therethrough, and the portable oxygen concentrator system further includes a motor to rotate the rotary valve shoe, and one or more elastic links to couple the motor to the rotary valve shoe.

10. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 9, wherein the motor includes a drive shaft and a drive wheel with one or more protruding support members, the rotary valve shoe includes one or more protruding support members, and the elastic link connects the one or more protruding support members of the drive wheel with the one or more protruding support members of the rotary valve shoe.

11. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the concentrator includes plastic adsorption beds and a metal cover surrounding the plastic adsorption beds.

12. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 11, wherein the adsorption beds are, elongated, molded, plastic vessels.

13. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 12, wherein the metal cover is made of aluminum and surrounds the adsorption beds to form a product tank.

14. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the rotary valve assembly includes a valve port plate and a rotary valve shoe having respective engaged surfaces and relatively rotatable about a common center of rotation to provide valving action to put the adsorption beds in a pressure swing adsorption cycle, and the pressure swing adsorption cyle includes a number of equalization steps in each adsorption bed ranging from two to eight.

15. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 14, wherein the pressure swing adsorption cyle includes a number of equalization steps in each adsorption bed ranging from two to six.

16. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 14, wherein the pressure swing adsorption cyle includes four equalization steps in each adsorption bed.

17. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 14, wherein the equalization steps include a first equalization down step, a second equalization down step, a first equalization up step, and a second equalization up step.

18. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 14, wherein adsorption beds include a feed end and a product end, and equalization occurs between product ends of adsorption beds.

19. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, further including a variable-speed compressor to supply ambient air to the concentrator.

20. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein recovery of oxygen from air from the concentrator is 45-71% at about 90% purity.

21. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the rotary valve assembly includes a valve port plate and a rotary valve shoe having respective engaged surfaces and relatively rotatable about a common center of rotation to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids therethrough, said valve port plate having at least two ports interconnected with at least two adsorption beds, and said rotary valve shoe having a second valve surface opposite said engaged surface with at least one equalization passage to register with said at least two ports of the port plate to equalize pressure in said at least two adsorption beds.

22. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein a pressure drop through the rotary valve assembly is no more than 1 PSI when the concentrator is producing 3 LPM of oxygen gas.

23. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the rotary valve assembly includes a valve port plate and a rotary valve shoe having respective engaged surfaces and relatively rotatable about a common center of rotation to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids therethrough, the rotation speed of the rotary valve shoe with respect to the valve port plate is varied in order to provide desired cycle timing for a given production of product.

24. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 23, further including a variable-speed compressor to supply compressed ambient air to the concentrator, and the rotation speed of the rotary valve shoe with respect to the valve port plate is varied in combination with variation in the speed of the variable-speed compressor in order to provide desired cycle timing and desired supply rate of ambient air to the concentrator for a given production of product.

25. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 1, wherein the rotary valve assembly includes a valve port plate and a rotary valve shoe having respective engaged surfaces and relatively rotatable about a common center of rotation to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids therethrough, and the rotary valve shoe includes a vacuum sealing mechanism that counteracts a pressure force working to unseat the rotary valve shoe from the valve port plate.

26. A portable oxygen concentrator system adapted to be readily transported by a user, comprising;

an internal rechargeable energy source;

an air separation device powered by said energy source and adapted to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, the air separation device including a plurality of adsorber columns and a rotating valve, the rotating valve relatively rotatable with respect to the plurality of adsorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorber columns for converting ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user,

wherein the portable oxygen concentrator system weighs 2-15 pounds and the adsorber columns each including a layered adsorbent bed having two or more distinct adsorbent material layers.

27. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 26, wherein the adsorber columns each include a feed end and a product end, and the two or more distinct adsorbent material layers include at least a water adsorption layer and a nitrogen adsorption layer, the water adsorption layer located closer to the feed end than the nitrogen adsorption layer.

28. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 27, wherein the water adsorption layer is an activated alumina.

29. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 27, wherein the water adsorption layer is a silica gel.

30. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 27, wherein the nitrogen adsorption layer is a lithium exchanged X-type zeolite.

31. A portable oxygen concentrator system adapted to be readily transported by a user, comprising:

an internal rechargeable energy source;

an air separation device powered by said energy source and adapted to convert ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user, the air separation device including a plurality of adsorber columns each including a feed end and a product end and at least one valve operable with respect to the plurality of adsorber columns to provide valving action for selectively transferring fluids through the plurality of adsorber columns for convening ambient air into concentrated oxygen gas for said user,

wherein the portable oxygen concentrator system weighs 2-15 pounds and tie adsorber columns each including a layered adsorbent bed having two or more distinct adsorbent material layers, the two or more distinct adsorbent material layers including at least a water adsorption layer and a nitrogen adsorption layer, the water adsorption layer located closer to the feed end than the nitrogen adsorption layer.

32. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 31, wherein the water adsorption layer is an activated alumina.

33. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 31, wherein the water adsorption layer is a silica gel.

34. The portable oxygen concentrator system of claim 31, wherein the nitrogen adsorption layer is a lithium exchanged X-type zeolite.