Power output apparatus, motor vehicle including power output apparatus and control methods thereof

• US 6,691,809 B2
• Filed: 08/28/2001
• Issued: 02/17/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 08/29/2000
• Status: Expired due to Fees

• Current Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Toyota Jidosha Kabushiki Kaisha (Toyota Motor Corporation)
• Inventors: Kojima, Masahiro, Hata, Hiroshi
• Primary Examiner(s): VANAMAN, FRANK BENNETT
• Application Number:
  US09/939,790
• Publication Number:
  US 20020023790A1
• Time in Patent Office: 903 Days
• Field of Search: 180/65.1, 180/65.2, 180/65.3, 180/65.4, 180/233, 180/242, 180/243, 701/22, 701/70
• US Class Current: 180/65.225
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 1/02 comprising more than one electric motor
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/34 for driving both front and rear wheels, e.g. four wheel drive vehicles arrangement or mounting of control devices for changing number of driven wheels B60K23/08
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 17/356 having fluid or electric motor, for driving one or more wheels disposition of motor in, or adjacent to, traction wheel B60K7/00
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 23/0808 for varying torque distribution between driven axles, e.g. by transfer clutch
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/40 characterised by the assembly or relative disposition of components
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/44 Series-parallel type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/445 Differential gearing distribution type
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/50 Architecture of the driveline characterised by arrangement or kind of transmission units
• CPC Class Codes: B60K 6/52 Driving a plurality of drive axles, e.g. four-wheel drive
• CPC Class Codes: B60L 2240/486 Operating parameters
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/06 including control of combustion engines
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/08 including control of electric propulsion units, e.g. motors or generators
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/10 including control of change-speed gearings
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 10/26 for electrical energy, e.g. batteries or capacitors
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 20/00 Control systems specially adapted for hybrid vehicles hybrid vehicle design, B60K6/00; electric vehicles B60L
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2510/244 Charge state
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 2710/1061 Output power
• CPC Class Codes: B60W 30/18036 Reversing
• CPC Class Codes: Y02T 10/62 Hybrid vehicles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/903 having energy storing means, e.g. battery, capacitor
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/916 : with plurality of drive axles
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/945 : Characterized by control of gearing, e.g. control of transmission ratio
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 903/951 : Assembly or relative location of components

Abstract

At a time of backward movement, a ring gear shaft, and thus a front axle, is disconnected from a planetary gear by a clutch, and a carrier and a ring gear, and thus, a crank shaft and a sun gear shaft, are connected to each other by the clutch, whereby a hybrid motor vehicle is constructed as a series-type hybrid electric motor vehicle, thereby outputting a torque in accordance with a depressed amount of an accelerator pedal to the front axle and a rear axle by a motor MG2 and a motor MG3 at a suitable torque distribution for backward movement. When a state of charge of a battery is small, power is generated by a motor MG1 using a power obtained by driving an engine so as to be supplied to the motor MG2 and the motor MG3.

Claims

1. A power output apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of drive shafts, including a first drive shaft;

an internal combustion engine having an output shaft;

a power splitting and integrating mechanism connected to three rotating shafts comprising the output shaft in the internal combustion engine, the first drive shaft and a power splitting and integrating shaft, and structured such that when a power is input from any one of the three rotating shafts, the power is split into the other two rotating shafts, and when the power is input from any two of the three rotating shafts, the input power is integrated to be output to the other rotating shaft;

a first electric driving apparatus for power splitting and integration connected to the power splitting and integrating shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a second electric driving apparatus connected to the first drive shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a third electric driving apparatus connected to at least one drive shaft other than the first drive shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a battery capable of sending and receiving electric power with respect to the first electric driving apparatus, the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus, respectively;

a state of charge detecting apparatus that detects a state of charge of the battery; and

a reverse rotation driving controller that controls driving of the internal combustion engine, driving of the first electric driving apparatus, driving of the second electric driving apparatus and driving of the third electric driving apparatus on the basis of the detected state of charge so that a power for reverse rotation opposite a normal rotation is output to the first drive shaft and the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus at a predetermined torque ratio.

2. A power output apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus so that the power for reverse rotation is output to the first drive shaft and the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus from the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus by using the electric power from the battery when the state of charge of the battery is equal to or more than a first value.

3. A power output apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the internal combustion engine so that the power from the internal combustion engine is converted into torque so as to be output as the power for reverse rotation to the first drive shaft and the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus when the state of charge of the battery is equal to or less than a second value.

4. A power output apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller sets a target power as a target value of the power for reverse rotation, and controls the driving of the internal combustion engine, the driving of the first electric driving apparatus, the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus on the basis of the state of charge detected by the state of charge detecting apparatus and the target power so that the power for reverse rotation is output to the first drive shaft and the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus at a the predetermined torque ratio.

5. A power output apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus so that the target power is output to the first drive shaft and the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus from the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus by using the electric power from the battery when the detected state of charge of the battery is equal to or more than a first state of charge and the set target power is equal to or less than a first power.

6. A power output apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the internal combustion engine so that the power from the internal combustion engine is converted into torque to be output as the target power to the first drive shaft and the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus when at least one of the conditions in which the detected state of charge of the battery is less than a first state of charge and the set target power is equal to or more than the first power, is satisfied.

7. A power output apparatus according to claim 4, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the internal combustion engine and at least one of the driving of the first electric driving apparatus, the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus so that the target power is output to the first drive shaft and at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus by using the charged and discharged electric power of the battery and the power from the internal combustion engine when at least one of the conditions in which the detected state of charge of the battery is less than a first state of charge and the set target power is equal to or more than the first power, is satisfied.

8. A power output apparatus according to claim 7, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls at least one of the driving of the first electric driving apparatus, the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus by using the discharged electric power of the battery.

9. A motor vehicle including the power output apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first drive shaft is connected to a front axle connected to a front wheel of the vehicle,

the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus is connected to a rear axle connected to a rear wheel of the vehicle,

and the normal rotation is a rotation for moving the vehicle forward.

10. A motor vehicle according to claim 9, wherein the predetermined torque ratio is a value having a ratio of the rear wheel with respect to torque applied to the front wheel that is within a range of 1:

9 to 9;

1.

11. A motor vehicle including the power output apparatus according to claim 1, wherein the first drive shaft is connected to a rear axle connected to a rear wheel of the vehicle,

the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus is connected to an axle connected to a wheel of the vehicle including a front axle connected to a front wheel of the vehicle,

and the normal rotation comprises a rotation for moving the vehicle forward.

12. A motor vehicle according to claim 11, wherein the predetermined torque ratio is a value having a ratio of the rear wheel with respect to torque applied to the front wheel that is within a range of 1:

9 to 9;

1.

13. A power output apparatus, comprising:

a plurality of drive shafts including a first drive shaft;

an internal combustion engine having an output shaft;

a power splitting and integrating mechanism connected to three rotating shafts comprising the output shaft in the internal combustion engine, the first drive shaft and a power splitting and integrating shaft, and structured such that when a power is input from any one of the three rotating shafts, the power is split into the other two rotating shafts, and when the power is input from any two of the three rotating shafts, the input power is integrated to be output to the other rotating shaft;

a first electric driving apparatus for power splitting and integration connected to the power splitting and integrating shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a second electric driving apparatus connected to the first drive shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a third electric driving apparatus connected to at least one drive shaft other than the first drive shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a battery capable of sending and receiving electric power with respect to the electric driving apparatus for power splitting and integration, the first electric driving apparatus and the second electric driving apparatus, respectively;

a first engaging and disengaging mechanism that engages the power splitting and integrating mechanism and the first drive shaft and disengages the power splitting and integrating mechanism from each other; and

a reverse rotation driving controller that controls driving of the first engaging and disengaging mechanism so that the power splitting and integrating mechanism and the first drive shaft are disengaged each other, and that controls the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus so that a power for reverse rotation in a direction opposite to a normal rotation is output to the first drive shaft and the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus at a predetermined torque ratio.

14. A power output apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:

a second engaging and disengaging mechanism that directly engages the output shaft of the internal combustion engine to the power splitting and integrating shaft and disengages the direct engagement,

wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the second engaging and disengaging mechanism so that the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is directly engaged to the power splitting and integrating shaft, and controls the driving of the internal combustion engine and the driving of the first electric driving apparatus so that at least a part of the electric power generated by the first electric driving apparatus by using the power from the internal combustion engine is supplied to the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus.

15. A power output apparatus according to claim 14, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the second electric driving apparatus, the driving of the third electric driving apparatus, the driving of the internal combustion engine and the driving of the first electric driving apparatus so that the electric power consumed by the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus is compensated by the electric power generated by the first electric driving apparatus by using the power from the internal combustion engine.

16. A power output apparatus according to claim 13, further comprising:

a second engaging and disengaging mechanism that directly engages the output shaft of the internal combustion engine to the power splitting and integrating shaft and disengage the direct engagement; and

a state of charge detecting apparatus that detects the state of charge of the battery,

wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the second engaging and disengaging mechanism so that the output shaft of the internal combustion engine is directly engaged to the power splitting and integrating shaft when the state of charge detected by the state of charge detecting apparatus is equal to or less than a threshold value, and controls the driving of the internal combustion engine and the driving of the first electric driving apparatus so that at least a part of the electric power obtained by convening the power from the internal combustion engine is supplied to the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus.

17. A power output apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller controls the driving of the internal combustion engine, the driving of the first electric driving apparatus, the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus, so that the electric power consumed by the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus is compensated by electric power generated by the first electric driving apparatus by using the power from the internal combustion engine.

18. A power output apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the reverse rotation driving controller sets a target power as a target value of the power for reverse rotation, and controls the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus so that the target power is output from the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus.

19. A motor vehicle including the power output apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the first drive shaft is connected to a front axle connected to a front wheel of a vehicle,

the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus is connected to a rear axle connected to a rear wheel of the vehicle,

and the normal rotation comprises a rotation for moving the vehicle forward.

20. A motor vehicle according to claim 19, wherein the predetermined torque ratio is a value having a ratio of the rear wheel with respect to torque applied to the front wheel that is within a range of 1:

9 to 9;

1.

21. A motor vehicle including the power output apparatus according to claim 13, wherein the first drive shaft is connected to a rear axle connected to a rear wheel of the vehicle, the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus is connected to an axle connected to a wheel of the vehicle including a front axle connected to a front wheel of the vehicle, and the normal rotation comprises a rotation for moving the vehicle forward.

22. A motor vehicle according to claim 21, wherein the predetermined torque ratio is a value having a ratio of the rear wheel with respect to torque applied to the front wheel that is within a range of 1:

9 to 9;

1.

23. A control method of a power output apparatus, the power output apparatus comprising:

a plurality of drive shafts including a first drive shaft;

an internal combustion engine having an output shaft;

a power splitting and integrating mechanism connected to three rotating shafts comprising the output shaft in the internal combustion engine, the first drive shaft and a power splitting and integrating shaft, and structured such that when a power is input from any one of the three rotating shafts, the power is split into the other two rotating shafts, and when the power is input from any two of the three rotating shafts, the input power is integrated to be output to the other rotating shaft;

a first electric driving apparatus for power splitting and integration connected to the power splitting and integrating shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a second electric driving apparatus connected to the first drive shaft and capable of generating electric power; and

a third electric driving apparatus connected to at least one drive shaft other than the first drive shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a battery capable of sending and receiving electric power with respect to the first electric driving apparatus, the second electric driving apparatus and the third electric driving apparatus, respectively,

the method comprising;

detecting a state of charge of the battery; and

controlling the driving of the internal combustion engine, driving of the first electric driving apparatus, driving of the second electric driving apparatus and driving of the third electric driving apparatus on the basis of the detected state of charge so that a power for (reverse rotation opposite a normal rotation is output to the first drive shaft and the at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus at a predetermined torque ratio.

24. A control method of a power output apparatus, the power output apparatus comprising:

a plurality of drive shafts including a first drive shaft;

an internal combustion engine having an output shaft;

a power splitting and integrating mechanism connected to three rotating shafts comprising the output shaft in the internal combustion engine, the first drive shaft and a power splitting and integrating shaft, and structured such that when a power is input from any one of the three rotating shafts, the power is split into the other two rotating shafts, and when the power is input from any two of the three rotating shafts, the input power is integrated to be output to the other rotating shaft;

a first electric driving apparatus for power splitting and integration connected to the power splitting and integrating shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a second electric driving apparatus connected to the first drive shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a third electric driving apparatus connected to at least one drive shaft other than the first drive shaft and capable of generating electric power;

a battery capable of sending and receiving electric power with respect to the electric driving apparatus for power splitting and integration, the first electric driving apparatus and the second electric driving apparatus, respectively;

a first engaging and disengaging mechanism that engages the power splitting and integrating mechanism and the first drive shaft and disengages the power splitting and integrating mechanism from each other,

the method comprising;

controlling driving of the first engaging and disengaging mechanism so that the power splitting and integrating mechanism and the first drive shaft are disengaged each other; and

controlling at least the driving of the second electric driving apparatus and the driving of the third electric driving apparatus so that a power for reverse rotation against a normal rotation is output to the first drive shaft and at least one drive shaft connected to the third electric driving apparatus at a predetermined torque ratio.