Methods for the assessment of neuromuscular function by F-wave latency

• US 6,692,444 B2
• Filed: 04/30/2002
• Issued: 02/17/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 07/01/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Neurometrix, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Neurometrix, Inc.
• Inventors: Gozani, Shai N., Neimark, Matthew A.
• Primary Examiner(s): Bockelman, Mark
• Application Number:
  US10/137,504
• Publication Number:
  US 20020173828A1
• Time in Patent Office: 658 Days
• Field of Search: 600/483, 600/546, 600/554, 128/905
• US Class Current: 600/554
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2505/05 Surgical care
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0252 using ambient temperature
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/05 Detecting, measuring or recording for diagnosis by means of electric currents or magnetic fields; Measuring using microwaves or radio waves impedance plethysmography A61B5/0295; measuring movement of the entire body or parts thereof A61B5/11; detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof A61B5/24
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/1106 to assess neuromuscular blockade, e.g. to estimate depth of anaesthesia
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/296 for electromyography [EMG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/30 Input circuits therefor
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/389 Electromyography [EMG]
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/4041 Evaluating nerves condition
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6824 Arm or wrist
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/6825 Hand
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7217 of noise originating from a therapeutic or surgical apparatus, e.g. from a pacemaker
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/7239 using differentiation including higher order derivatives
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/742 using visual displays A61B5/339 takes precedence

Abstract

Methods are provided for the assessment of neuromuscular function by F-wave latency. Stimuli are applied to a nerve that traverses a wrist or an ankle joint of an individual. Stimulation of the nerve causes a muscle innervated by that nerve to respond, thereby generating a myoelectric potential. One component of the myoelectric potential is the F-wave component. The F-wave latency between application of the stimulus and the detection of the myoelectric potential is used to provide an assessment of a neuromuscular function of the nerve and/or muscle.

Claims

1. A method of assessing physiological function of a peripheral nervous system at a body site of a mammal, the method comprising the steps of:

(a) applying low amplitude electrical stimuli to a skin surface proximate to the body site to stimulate a nerve that traverses said body site and thereby generates an impulse that is conducted by said nerve;

(b) detecting a myoelectric potential proximate to said body site, whereby said myoelectric potential is generated by a muscle in said body site in response to said impulse, said muscle being in communication with said nerve and said impulse being conducted to said muscle after propagation of said impulse through a spinal cord of said mammal;

(c) processing said stimuli and said myoelectric potential; and

(d) correlating results of said processing to a physiological function of a peripheral nervous system of said mammal.

2. The method of claim 1 further comprising the step of removing a trend from a baseline of said myoelectric potential.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein said removing step comprises the steps of:

(a) Determining a straight line fit of said myoelectric potential; and

(b) subtracting said straight line from said myoelectric potential.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein said removing step comprises the steps of:

(a) detecting a plurality of myoelectric potentials;

(b) averaging said plurality of myoelectric potentials; and

(c) subtracting said average from each of said plurality of myoelectric potentials.

5. The method of claim 4, further comprising the steps of:

(a) determining a first derivative for each of said myoelectric potentials, thereby to obtain a plurality of first derivatives;

(b) determining a mean of said plurality of first derivatives;

(c) determining a statistical distribution of said plurality of first derivatives; and

(d) removing from said plurality of myoelectric potentials that are averaged in step (b) of claim 4 any segment of a myoelectric potential of said plurality of myoelectric potentials that has a first derivative removed by a predetermined factor from said mean of said derivatives.

6. The method of claim 1, further comprising the step of filtering said myoelectric potential.

7. The method of claim 6, wherein said filtering step comprises digitally filtering said myoelectric potential.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein said physiological function comprises a F-wave latency between application of said stimulus and detection of said myoelectric potential and wherein said processing step further comprises the step of determining said F-wave latency and said correlating step further comprises the step of producing an indicia of said F-wave latency.

9. The method of claim 8, wherein said step of determining a F-wave latency comprises the steps of:

(a) detecting an F-wave response signal in said myoelectric potential;

(b) determining a maximum peak of said F-wave response signal;

(c) identifying a first minimum peak and a second minimum peak of said F-wave response signal, both of said first and second minimum peaks being adjacent said maximum peak of said F-wave response signal;

(d) determining an amplitude of said maximum peak of said F-wave response signal to one of said first and second minimum peaks of said F-wave response signal;

(e) determining a noise dependent threshold;

(f) comparing said amplitude to said noise dependent threshold; and

(g) determining a F-wave latency when said amplitude is greater than or equal to said noise dependent threshold.

10. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of determining a maximum peak of said F-wave response signal comprises determining a portion of said myoelectric potential for which a first derivative of said myoelectric potential is equal to zero.

11. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of identifying first and second minimum peaks of said F-wave response signal comprises determining a portion of said myoelectric potential for which a first derivative of said myoelectric potential is equal to zero.

12. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of determining a noise dependent threshold comprises the steps of:

(a) determining a level noise after detecting said myoelectric potential; and

(b) multiplying said level of noise by a predetermined factor.

13. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of determining a noise dependent threshold, comprises the steps of:

(a) determining a level of noise before detecting said myoelectric potential; and

(b) multiplying said level of noise by a predetermined factor.

14. The method of claim 9, wherein said step of determining a F-wave latency comprises the step of identifying an inflection of said myoelectric potential, said inflection preceding said maximum peak of said F-wave response signal.

15. The method of claim 14, wherein said inflection comprises a point on said myoelectric potential having a first derivative less than or equal to zero.

16. The method of claim 14, wherein said inflection comprises a minimum peak of a first derivative of said myoelectric potential.

17. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of processing a typical waveform shapes in said F-wave response signal.

18. The method of claim 17, wherein said step of processing a typical waveform shapes comprises the steps of:

(a) determining a location of a minimum peak of said F-wave response signal;

(b) inverting said F-wave response signal; and

(c) assigning a maximum peak of said inverted F-wave response signal to said location of said minimum peak of said F-wave response signal.

19. The method of claim 9, further comprising the step of confirming said F-wave latency.

20. The method of claim 19, wherein said step of confirming said F-wave latency comprises the steps of:

(a) determining a first derivative of said myoelectric potential at a plurality of points within a first time period preceding said F-wave latency, thereby obtaining a plurality of first derivatives within said first time period;

(b) averaging said plurality of first derivatives within said first time period; and

(c) comparing said average with a maximum peak and a minimum peak of said F-wave response signal in a second time period following said F-wave latency.