Method and apparatus for coupling an implantable stimulator/sensor to a prosthetic device

• US 6,695,885 B2
• Filed: 11/15/2001
• Issued: 02/24/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 02/26/1997
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research
• Original Assignee: Alfred E. Mann Foundation For Scientific Research
• Inventors: Schulman, Joseph H., Mandell, Lee J., Zilberman, Yitzhak
• Primary Examiner(s): Snow, Bruce
• Assistant Examiner(s): MILLER, CHERYL L
• Application Number:
  US10/002,370
• Publication Number:
  US 20020198604A1
• Time in Patent Office: 831 Days
• Field of Search: 623/24, 623/25, 623/57, 607/60, 607/61, 607/62, 607/65, 600/544, 600/545
• US Class Current: 623/25
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2560/0219 of externally powered implanted units
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 2562/08 Sensors provided with means for identification, e.g. barcodes or memory chips
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0008 Temperature signals
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/0031 Implanted circuitry
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/053 Measuring electrical impedance or conductance of a portion of the body
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/07 Endoradiosondes
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/145 Measuring characteristics of blood in vivo, e.g. gas concentration, pH value; Measuring characteristics of body fluids or tissues, e.g. interstitial fluid, cerebral tissuemeasuring of blood pressure or blood flow A61B5/02; non-radiation detecting or locating of foreign bodies in blood A61B5/06
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/14532 for measuring glucose, e.g. by tissue impedance measurement
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/24 Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/388 Nerve conduction study, e.g. detecting action potential of peripheral nerves
• CPC Class Codes: A61B 5/681 Wristwatch-type devices
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/70 electrical
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2/72 Bioelectric control, e.g. myoelectric
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/5058 having means for restoring the perception of senses
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/704 computer-controlled, e.g. robotic control
• CPC Class Codes: A61F 2002/705 Electromagnetic data transfer
• CPC Class Codes: A61N 1/37205 Microstimulators, e.g. implantable through a cannula
• CPC Class Codes: Y10S 977/85 Scanning probe control process

Abstract

A system of implantable sensor/stimulation devices that is configured to communicate with a prosthetic device, e.g., an artificial limb, via a wireless communication link, preferably bidirectionally. By communicating between the implantable devices coupled to neural pathways within a man and motor/sensor interfaces in the prosthetic device, a machine, a man/machine interface is established to replace an absent limb. Systems of the present invention may extend to prosthetic devices, e.g., cranes or the like, that further extend the man/machine interface to allow a man to control a “large” remote piece of machinery directly via neural control.

Claims

1. A method for controlling a prosthetic device in response to neural pathway signals, said method comprising the steps of:

forming one or more implantable devices contained within sealed elongate housings in a patient'"'"'s body, wherein each said sealed housing has an axial dimension of less than 60 mm and a lateral dimension of less than 6 mm and includes at least two electrodes integral with and on opposing ends of said housing, whereby said housings are suitable for injection into the patient'"'"'s body and said implantable devices are configured for monitoring or affecting at least one neural pathway of the patient'"'"'s body via said electrodes in response to a first communication/control circuitry mounted within said housings;

forming an externally locatable prosthetic device having one or more actuators for controlling and sensors for monitoring one or more aspects of said prosthetic device, whereby said prosthetic device additionally comprises a second communication/control circuitry compatible with said first communication/control circuitry for controlling and sensing aspects of said prosthetic device in response to signals received from one or more of said implantable devices;

coupling said prosthetic device to said patient'"'"'s body; and

periodically communicating in a closed loop manner between said first communication/control circuitry in said one or more implantable devices and said second communication/control circuitry in said prosthetic device according to unique predefined identification addresses specified in address storage circuitry of each of said implantable devices that determine which of said implantable devices respond to received signals from said prosthetic device, said prosthetic device receiving commands corresponding to one or more sensed neurological signals from one or more of said implantable devices and said one or more implantable devices receiving sensed signals from said prosthetic device.

2. The method of claim 1 whereby said implantable devices at least periodically require externally provided electromagnetic energy to provide operating power to said implantable devices and said prosthetic device includes an energy source and circuitry for driving a coil to deliver said required electromagnetic energy, said method additionally including the step of periodically energizing said coil to provide operating power to one or more of said implantable devices.

3. The method of claim 1 whereby at least one of said implantable devices requires externally provided electromagnetic energy to provide operating power to said implantable device and said prosthetic device includes an energy source and circuitry for driving a coil to deliver said required electromagnetic energy, said method additionally including the step of energizing said coil to provide operating power to one or more of said implantable devices.

4. The method of claim 1 whereby at least one of said implantable devices periodically requires externally provided electromagnetic energy for charging a rechargeable battery located within said implantable device to provide operating power to said implantable device and said prosthetic device includes an energy source and circuitry for driving a coil to deliver said required electromagnetic energy, said method additionally including the step of periodically energizing said coil to provide operating power to one or more of said implantable devices.

5. The method of claim 1 additionally comprising the step of implanting a system control unit within said patient'"'"'s body wherein said system control unit communicates with said first communication/control circuitry within said housings and said second communication/control circuitry within said prosthetic device in order to provide supervisory closed loop control.

6. The method of claim 1 additionally comprising the step of implanting a system control unit within said prosthetic device wherein said system control unit communicates with said first communication/control circuitry within said housings and said second communication/control circuitry within said prosthetic device in order to provide supervisory closed loop control.

7. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of forming a prosthetic device with second communication/control circuitry compatible with said first communication/control circuitry comprises forming said second communication/control circuitry from circuitry essentially functionally identical to said first communication/control circuitry.

8. The method of claim 1 wherein said step of forming a prosthetic device with second communication/control circuitry compatible with said first communication/control circuitry comprises forming said second communication/control circuitry from one or more devices essentially identical with said implantable devices.

11. The system of claim 5 wherein:

selected ones of said one or more said implantable devices contain;

a rechargeable battery for providing operating power;

a coil for periodically receiving externally provided electromagnetic energy; and

charging circuitry for using said periodically provided electromagnetic energy received by said coil to charge said rechargeable battery; and

said prosthetic device additionally comprises;

a power source;

a coil for periodically providing electromagnetic energy; and

driver circuitry for periodically providing an electrical signal to said coil to cause it to emit electromagnetic energy to thereby charge said rechargeable batteries in said selected implantable devices.

12. The system of claim 11 wherein said power source within said prosthetic device is rechargeable.

9. A system for controlling a prosthetic device in response to neural pathway signals, said system comprising:

one or more implantable devices configured for implantation within a patient'"'"'s body, wherein each said implantable device is contained within a sealed elongate housing having an axial dimension or less than 60 mm and a lateral dimension of less than 6 mm and includes at least two electrodes integral with and on opposing ends of said housing, whereby said housings are suitable for injection into the patient'"'"'s body and said implantable devices are configured for monitoring or affecting at least one neural pathway of the patient'"'"'s body via said electrodes in response to a first communication/control circuitry mounted within said housings and responsive to a unique predefined identification address for each of said implantable devices; and

an externally locatable prosthetic device having one or more actuators for controlling and sensors for monitoring one or more aspects of said prosthetic device, whereby said prosthetic device additionally comprises a second communication/control circuitry compatible with said first communication/control circuitry for controlling and sensing aspects of said prosthetic device in response to signals received from said one or more implantable devices, wherein said first communication control circuitry in said one or more implantable devices and said second communication control circuitry in said prosthetic device periodically communicate in a closed loop manner according to said unique predefined identification addresses specified in address storage circuitry of each of said implantable devices that determine which of said implantable devices respond to received signals from said externally locatable prosthetic device wherein said prosthetic device receives commands corresponding to one or more sensed neurological signals from one or more of said implantable devices and said one or more implantable devices receives sensed signals from said prosthetic device.

10. The system of claim 9 wherein:

selected ones of said one or more said implantable devices obtain operating power from externally provided electromagnetic energy; and

said prosthetic device additionally comprises;

a power source;

a coil for providing electromagnetic energy; and

driver circuitry for providing an electrical signal to said coil to cause it to emit electromagnetic energy to thereby provide operating power to said selected implantable device.

13. The system of claim 9 whereby said first and second communication/control circuitry communicate with each other via a wireless communication link.

14. The system of claim 13 whereby said wireless communication link uses radio frequency communication.

15. The system of claim 9 whereby said prosthetic device is configured for physical coupling to the patient'"'"'s body.

16. The system of claim 9 whereby said second communication/control circuitry is essentially functionally identical with said first communication/control circuitry.

17. The system of claim 9 whereby said prosthetic device includes one or more of said implantable devices mounted within to perform the function of at least a portion of said second communication/control circuitry.

18. The system of claim 9 additionally comprising a system control unit for communicating with one or more of said implantable devices and said second communication/control circuitry in said prosthetic device and to thereby supervise the interaction of said prosthetic device and one or more of said implantable devices in a closed loop manner.

19. The system of claim 18 wherein said system control unit is configured for implantation within the patient'"'"'s body.

20. The system of claims 18 wherein said prosthetic device includes said system control unit.

21. The system of claim 18 wherein said prosthetic device comprises at least one sensing device and one actuator responsive in part thereto to enable a reflex response.

22. The system of claim 21 wherein said prosthetic device comprises two or more of sets of said second communication/control circuitry essentially identical with said first communication control circuitry for providing said reflex response.

23. A system for providing closed loop control of an externally locatable electromechanical device having one or more actuators and one or more transducers in response to neural pathway signals, said system comprising:

one or more implantable devices configured for implantation within a patient'"'"'s body and including at least two electrodes, whereby said implantable devices are suitable for injection into the patient'"'"'s body and said devices are configured for monitoring or affecting at least one neural pathway of the patient'"'"'s body via said electrodes in response to a first communication/control circuitry mounted within said implantable devices and responsive to a unique predefined identification address for each of said implantable devices; and

an externally locatable electromechanical device having one or more actuators for controlling and transducers for monitoring one or more aspects of said externally locatable electromechanical device, whereby said externally locatable electromechanical device additionally comprises a second communication/control circuitry compatible within said first communication/control circuitry for controlling and sensing aspects of said externally locatable electromechanical device in response to signals received from said one or more implantable devices, wherein said first communication/control circuitry in said one or more implantable devices and said second communication/control circuitry in said externally locatable electromechanical device periodically communicate in a closed loop manner according to said unique predefined identification addresses specified in address storage circuitry of each of said implantable devices that determine which of said implantable devices respond to received signals from said externally locatable electromechanical device wherein said externally locatable electromechanical device receives commands corresponding to one or more sensed neurological signals from one or more of said implantable devices and said one or more implantable devices receives sensed signals from said externally locatable electromechanical device.

24. The system of claim 23 wherein:

selected ones of said one or more said implantable devices obtain operating power from externally provided electromagnetic energy; and

said externally locatable electromechanical device additionally comprises;

a power source;

a coil for providing electromagnetic energy; and

driver circuitry for providing an electrical signal to said coil to cause it to emit electromagnetic energy to thereby provide operating power to said selected implantable device.

25. The system of claim 23 wherein:

selected ones of said one or more said implantable devices contain;

a rechargeable battery for providing operating power;

a coil for periodically receiving externally provided electromagnetic energy; and

charging circuitry for using said periodically provided electromagnetic energy received by said coil to charge said rechargeable battery; and

said externally locatable electromechanical device additionally comprises;

a power source;

a coil for periodically providing electromagnetic energy; and

driver circuitry for periodically providing an electrical signal to said coil to cause it to emit electromagnetic energy to thereby charge said rechargeable batteries in said selected implantable devices.

26. The system of claim 25 wherein said power source within said externally locatable electromechanical device is rechargeable.

27. The system of claim 26 additionally comprising a system control unit for communicating with one or more of said implantable devices and said second communication/control circuitry in said externally locatable electromechanical device and to thereby supervise the interaction of said externally locatable electromechanical device and one or more of said implantable devices in a closed loop manner.

28. The system of claim 27 wherein said system control unit is configured for implantation within the patient'"'"'s body.

29. The system of claim 27 wherein said externally locatable electromechanical device includes said system control unit.

30. The system of claim 26 wherein said externally locatable electromechanical device comprises at least one sensing device and one actuator responsive in part thereto to enable a reflex response.

31. The system of claim 30 wherein said externally locatable electromechanical device comprises two or more of sets of said second communication/control circuitry essentially identical with said first communication control circuitry for providing said reflex response.

32. The system of claim 23 whereby said first and second communication/control circuitry communicate with each other via a wireless communication link.

33. The system of claim 32 whereby said wireless communication link uses radio frequency communication.

34. The system of claim 23 whereby said externally locatable electromechanical device is a prosthetic device configured for physical coupling to the patient'"'"'s body.

35. The system of claim 23 whereby said externally locatable electromechanical device is configured for operation remote from the patient'"'"'s body.

36. The system of claim 23 whereby said second communication/control circuitry is essentially functionally identical with said first communication/control circuitry.

37. The system of claim 23 whereby said externally locatable electromechanical device includes one or more of said implantable devices mounted within to perform the function of at least a portion of said second communication/control circuitry.