DC-to-DC converter with fast override feedback control and associated methods

• US 6,696,825 B2
• Filed: 03/18/2002
• Issued: 02/24/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 03/18/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Intersil Americas LLC (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Original Assignee: Intersil Americas LLC (Renesas Electronics Corporation)
• Inventors: Isham, Robert Haynes, Harris, Matthew Burdet
• Primary Examiner(s): Patel, Rajnikant B.
• Application Number:
  US10/100,439
• Publication Number:
  US 20030173941A1
• Time in Patent Office: 708 Days
• Field of Search: 323/282, 323/283, 323/284, 323/286, 323/287, 323/288, 363/37, 363/40, 363/41, 363/97, 363/131
• US Class Current: 323/282
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/156 with automatic control of output voltage or current, e.g. switching regulators
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1566 with means for compensating against rapid load changes, e.g. with auxiliary current source, with dual mode control or with inductance variation
• CPC Class Codes: H02M 3/1588 comprising at least one synchronous rectifier element H02M3/1582, H02M3/1584 take precedence
• CPC Class Codes: Y02B 70/10 Technologies improving the efficiency by using switched-mode power supplies [SMPS], i.e. efficient power electronics conversion e.g. power factor correction or reduction of losses in power supplies or efficient standby modes

Abstract

A DC-to-DC converter includes a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit cooperating with at least one power switch for supplying power from a source to a load over a range between a lower limit and an upper limit to thereby control an output voltage for the load. The converter may also include a primary feedback control loop cooperating with the PWM circuit for supplying power to the load between the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage during normal load transient conditions. The converter may also include at least one override feedback control loop cooperating with the PWM circuit for overriding the primary feedback control loop and supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage during a corresponding relatively fast load transient condition. Accordingly, relatively fast load transients can be followed by the converter.

Claims

1. A DC-to-DC converter comprising:

at least one power switch;

a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit cooperating with said at least one power switch for supplying power from a source to a load over a range between a lower limit and an upper limit to thereby control an output voltage for the load;

a primary feedback control loop cooperating with said PWM circuit for supplying power to the load between the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage during normal load conditions; and

at least one override feedback control loop cooperating with said PWM circuit for overriding said primary feedback control loop and supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage during a corresponding fast load transient condition.

2. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 1 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop defines at least one trip point based upon the output voltage for overriding said primary feedback control loop and supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits.

3. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 2 wherein the at least one trip point is selectable.

4. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 3 further comprising an integrated circuit substrate;

wherein at least portions of said PWM circuit, said primary feedback control loop, and said at least one override feedback control loop are formed in said integrated circuit substrate; and

wherein the at least one trip point is selectable by external components from said integrated circuit substrate.

5. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 2 wherein the at least one trip point is based upon a magnitude of a change of the output voltage.

6. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 2 wherein the at least one trip point is based upon a rate of change of the output voltage.

7. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 2 wherein the at least one trip point is based upon both a magnitude of a change of the output voltage and a rate of change of the output voltage.

8. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 1 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises a positive override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at the lower limit based upon a transient increase of the output voltage.

9. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 1 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises a negative override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at the upper limit based upon a transient decrease of the output voltage.

10. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 1 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises:

a positive override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at the lower limit based upon a transient increase of the output voltage; and

a negative override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at the upper limit based upon a transient decrease of the output voltage.

11. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 1 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises:

a filter; and

a comparator having first and second inputs connected to said filter, the first input also receiving a signal based upon the output voltage, said comparator also having an output providing an override feedback control loop signal to said PWM circuit.

12. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 11 wherein said filter comprises a resistor connected across the first and second inputs, and a capacitor connected between the second input and a voltage reference.

13. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 11 further comprising a constant current circuit connected to the second input.

14. A DC-to-DC converter comprising:

a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit for cooperating with at least one power switch for supplying power from a source to a load over a range between a lower limit and an upper limit to thereby control an output voltage for the load;

a primary feedback control loop cooperating with said PWM circuit for supplying power to the load between the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage; and

at least one override feedback control loop cooperating with said PWM circuit for overriding said primary feedback control loop and supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage corresponding fast load transient condition;

said at least one override feedback control loop defining at least one selectable trip point based upon the output voltage for overriding said primary feedback control loop and supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits.

15. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 14 further comprising an integrated circuit substrate;

wherein at least portions of said PWM circuit, said primary feedback control loop, and said at least one override feedback control loop are formed in said integrated circuit substrate; and

wherein the at least one trip point is selectable by external components from said integrated circuit substrate.

16. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 14 wherein the at least one trip point is based upon a magnitude of a change of the output voltage and based upon a rate of change of the output voltage.

17. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 14 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises a positive override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at the lower limit based upon a transient increase of the output voltage.

18. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 14 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises a negative override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at the upper limit based upon a transient decrease of the output voltage.

19. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 14 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises:

a filter; and

a comparator having first and second inputs connected to said filter, the first input also receiving a signal based upon the output voltage, said comparator also having an output providing an override feedback control loop signal to said PWM circuit.

20. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 19 wherein said filter comprises a resistor connected across the first and second inputs, and a capacitor connected between the second input and a voltage reference;

and further comprising a constant current circuit connected to the second input.

21. A DC-to-DC converter comprising:

a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit cooperating with at least one power switch for supplying power from a source to a load over a range between a lower limit and an upper limit to thereby control an output voltage for the load;

a primary feedback control loop cooperating with said PWM circuit for supplying power to the load between the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage; and

at least one override feedback control loop cooperating with said PWM circuit for overriding said primary feedback control loop and supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage during a corresponding fast load transient condition;

said at least one override feedback control loop defining at least one trip point based upon both a magnitude of a change of the output voltage and a rate of change of the output voltage for overriding said primary feedback control loop and supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits.

22. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 21 wherein the at least one trip point is selectable.

23. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 22 further comprising an integrated circuit substrate;

wherein at least portions of said PWM circuit, said primary feedback control loop, and said at least one override feedback control loop are formed in said integrated circuit substrate, and wherein the at least one trip point is selectable by external components from said integrated circuit substrate.

24. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 21 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises a positive override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at the lower limit based upon a transient increase of the output voltage.

25. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 21 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises a negative override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at the upper limit based upon a transient decrease of the output voltage.

26. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 21 wherein said at least one override feedback control loop comprises:

a filter; and

a comparator having first and second inputs connected to said filter, the first input also receiving a signal based upon the output voltage, said comparator also having an output providing an override feedback control loop signal to said PWM circuit.

27. A DC-to-DC converter according to claim 26 wherein said filter comprises a resistor connected across the first and second inputs, and a capacitor connected between the second input and a voltage reference;

and further comprising a constant current circuit connected to the second input.

28. A method of operating a DC-to-DC converter comprising at least one power switch, a pulse width modulation (PWM) circuit cooperating with the at least one power switch for supplying power from a source to a load over a range between a lower limit and an upper limit, and a primary feedback control loop cooperating with the PWM circuit for supplying power to the load between lower and upper limits based upon an output voltage, the method comprising:

monitoring the output voltage; and

overriding the primary feedback control loop with at least one override feedback control loop for supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits based upon the output voltage during a corresponding fast load transient condition.

29. A method according to claim 28 wherein overriding comprises defining at least one trip point based upon the output voltage for overriding the primary feedback control loop and supplying power to the load at one of the lower and upper limits.

30. A method according to claim 29 further comprising selecting the at least one trip point.

31. A method according to claim 30 wherein the DC-to-DC Converter further comprises an integrated circuit substrate;

wherein at least portions of the PWM Circuit, the primary feedback control loop, and the at least one override feedback control loop are formed in the integrated circuit substrate, and wherein selecting comprises selecting the at least one trip point by external components from the integrated circuit substrate.

32. A method according to claim 29 wherein the at least one trip point is based upon a magnitude of a change in the output voltage.

33. A method according to claim 29 wherein the at least one trip point is based upon a rate of change of the output voltage.

34. A method according to claim 29 wherein the at least one trip point is based upon both a magnitude of a change in the output voltage and a rate of change at the output voltage.

35. A method according to claim 28 wherein overriding comprises positive overriding for supplying power to the load at the lower limit based upon a transient increase of the output voltage.

36. A method according to claim 28 wherein overriding comprises negative overriding for supplying power to the load at the upper limit based upon a transient decrease of the output voltage.

37. A DC-to-DC converter comprising:

a high side power switch having input and output electrodes coupled between a high side voltage source and a common node;

a low side power switch having input and output electrodes coupled between said common node and a low side reference voltage;

said common node being coupled through an inductor to an output node feeding a load, with a reference capacitor coupled to said output node;

a pulse width modulator circuit having a first output driving a control electrode of said high side power switch and a second output driving a control electrode of said low side power switch, so that said common node is controllably switched between said high side voltage and said low side reference voltage;

a primary feedback control loop which is coupled to monitor the voltage at said output node and is operative to cause said pulse width modulator circuit to control the operations of said high side and low side power switches such that power to said load falls in a range from said low side reference voltage to said high side voltage; and

an override feedback control loop which is coupled to monitor the voltage at said output node directly and through first and second low pass filter circuits, and is operative to cause said pulse width modulator to fully turn on said high side power switch and fully turn off said low side power switch for a period of time that the voltage directly monitored at said output node is less than the voltage monitored through said first low pass filter circuit, and is operative to cause said pulse width modulator to fully turn on said low side power switch and fully turn off said high side power switch for a period of time that the voltage directly monitored at said output node is greater than the voltage monitored through said second low pass filter circuit.