Method and apparatus for auto-configuring layer three intermediate computer network devices

• US 6,697,360 B1
• Filed: 09/02/1998
• Issued: 02/24/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 09/02/1998
• Status: Expired due to Term

• Current Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Original Assignee: Cisco Technology, Inc. (Cisco Systems, Inc.)
• Inventors: McCloghrie, Keith, Gai, Silvano, Rekhter, Yakov
• Primary Examiner(s): Olms, Douglas
• Assistant Examiner(s): Phunkulh, Bob A.
• Application Number:
  US09/145,600
• Time in Patent Office: 2,001 Days
• Field of Search: 370/389, 370/392, 370/400, 370/401, 370/469, 370/395.5, 370/395.54, 370/471, 370/474, 370/475, 709/208, 709/220, 709/221, 709/222, 709/223, 709/226
• US Class Current: 370/389
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/082 the condition being updates or upgrades of network functionality
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 41/0886 Fully automatic configuration
• CPC Class Codes: H04L 61/5014 using dynamic host configuration protocol [DHCP] or bootstrap protocol [BOOTP]

Abstract

A method and apparatus for auto-configuring layer 3 intermediate devices in computer networks by extending the Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP). The devices generate, transmit and receive DHCP messages having novel options embedded therein. The options permit a layer 3 device to request and receive from a DHCP server a unique, overall IP address that may be assigned to the device. The device may also request and receive one or more IP subnets and corresponding IP addresses for each of its interfaces. The device may further receive the routing protocols to be used on the various subnets. The layer 3 device can thus be auto-configured with IP configuration parameters, including IP subnets, IP addresses and routing protocols without the time-consuming, manual involvement of a network administrator.

Claims

1. A method for auto-configuring at least one layer three device in a computer network with Internet Protocol (IP) parameters, including one or more IP addresses, the at least one layer three device having a plurality of interfaces, one or more interfaces representing a logical connection to the network and the network including at least one server in communicating relationship with the at least one layer three device, the method comprising the steps of:

broadcasting a discover message from the at least one layer three device, the discover message indicating that the at least one layer three device is requesting assignment of an overall IP address to the plurality of interfaces of the at least one layer three device;

sending an offer message, in response to the discover message, from the server to the at least one layer three device, the offer message including a proffered IP address for use as the overall IP address;

sending a request message, in response to the offer, from the layer three device to the server, the request message indicating that the at least one layer three device has accepted the proffered overall IP address;

sending an acknowledgment, in response to the request message, from the server to the layer three device, confirming receipt of the request message; and

committing the accepted overall IP address to the plurality of interfaces of the at least one layer three device in response to the acknowledgment.

4. The method of claim 1 wherein the discover message includes a first option that is marked by the at least one layer three device to indicate that it is requesting assignment of the overall IP address.

5. The method of claim 4 wherein the offer message includes the first option marked by the server to indicate that the proffered IP address is the overall IP address.

15. The method of claim 1 wherein the server proffers the overall IP address from a pre-configured cache of available IP addresses stored at the server each having a pre-defined prefix.

2. A method for auto-configuring at least one layer three device in a computer network with Internet Protocol (IP) parameters, including one or more IP addresses, the at least one layer three device having a plurality of interfaces, one or more interfaces representing a logical connection to the network and the network including at least one server in communicating relationship with the at least one layer three device, the method comprising the steps of:

broadcasting a second discover message only from an interface of the at least one layer three device that provides connectivity via the network to the server, the second discover message indicating that the at least one layer three device is requesting assignment of one or more IP addresses for the respective interface;

sending a second offer message, in response to the second discover message, from the server to the at least one layer three device, the second offer message including one or more proffered IP addresses for assignment to the respective interface;

sending a second request message, in response to the second offer, from the layer three device to the server, the second request message indicating that the at least one layer three device has accepted the proffered one or more IP addresses for the respective interface;

sending a second acknowledgment, in response to the second request message, from the server to the layer three device, confirming receipt of the second request message; and

committing the accepted IP address at the respective interface of the at least one layer three device in response to the second acknowledgment.

6. The method of claim 2 wherein the second discover message includes a first option marked by the at least one layer three device to indicate that it is requesting assignment of one or more IP addresses for the respective interface.

7. The method of claim 6 wherein the second offer message includes a first option marked by the server to indicate that the proffered one or more IP addresses are for use with the respective interface.

10. The method of claim 6 wherein the second offer message includes a second option containing each proffered IP address and its associated subnet mask for the respective interface.

11. The method of claim 10 wherein the second offer includes a third option identifying the routing protocol to be used by the layer three switch with the respective interface.

3. A method for auto-configuring at least one layer three device in a computer network with Internet Protocol (IP) parameters, including one or more IP addresses, the at least one layer three device having a plurality of interfaces, one or more interfaces representing a logical connection to the network and the network including at least one server in communicating relationship with the at least one layer three device, the method comprising the steps of:

broadcasting a third discover message only from an interface of the at least one layer three device that provides connectivity via the network to the server, the third discover message indicating that the at least one layer three device is requesting assignment of one or more IP addresses for an interface lacking connectivity to the server;

sending a third offer message, in response to the third discover message, from the server to the at least one layer three device, the third offer message including at least one or more proffered IP addresses for assignment to the interface lacking connectivity to the server;

sending a third request message, in response to the third offer, from the layer three device to the server, the third request message indicating that the at least one layer three device has accepted the proffered one or more IP addresses for the interface lacking connectivity to the server;

sending a third acknowledgment, in response to the third request message, from the server to the layer three device, confirming receipt of the third request message; and

committing the accepted IP address at the interface lacking connectivity to the server of the at least one layer three device in response to the third acknowledgment.

8. The method of claim 3 wherein the third discover message includes a first option marked by the at least one layer three device to indicate that it is requesting assignment of one or more IP addresses for the interface lacking connectivity to the server.

9. The method of claim 8 wherein the third offer message includes a first option marked by the server to indicate that the one or more proffered IP addresses are for use with the interface lacking connectivity to the server.

12. The method of claim 9 wherein the third offer message includes a second option containing each proffered IP address and its associated subnet mask for the interface lacking connectivity to the server.

13. The method of claim 12 wherein the third offer includes a third option identifying the routing protocol to be used by the layer three switch with the interface lacking connectivity to the server.

14. The method of claim 13 wherein the third offer includes, for each proffered IP address, a corresponding lease time indicating the life of the respective proffered IP address.

16. An option embedded within one or more messages exchanged between a layer three device and a server connected to a computer network for auto-configuring the layer three device with Internet Protocol (IP) configuration parameters, including at least an IP address, the layer three device having a plurality of interfaces each representing a logical connection to the computer network, the option being stored at a memory of either the layer three device or the server, the option comprising:

a code field containing a predefined octet indicating that the option is for use in auto-configuring the layer three device; and

a type field which is loaded by the layer three device or server sending the message in which the option is embedded,

wherein the type field is loaded with a first value by the layer three device to indicate that the corresponding message is a request for assignment of an overall IP address or with a second value loaded by the server to indicate that the corresponding message contains a proffered overall IP address for use with the plurality of interfaces of the layer three device.

17. The option of claim 16 wherein the type field further may be loaded with a third value by the layer three device to indicate that the corresponding message is a request for assignment of one or more IP addresses for an interface having connectivity to the server or a fourth value by the server to indicate that the corresponding message contains one or more proffered IP addresses for assignment to the interface having connectivity to the server.

18. The option of claim 17 wherein the type field further may be loaded with a fifth value by the layer three device to indicate that the corresponding message is a request for assignment of one or more IP addresses for an interface lacking connectivity to the server or a sixth value by the server to indicate that the corresponding message contains one or more proffered IP addresses for assignment to the interface lacking connectivity to the server.

19. An option embedded within one or more messages exchanged between a layer three device and a server connected to a computer network for auto-configuring the layer three device with Internet Protocol (IP) configuration parameters, including at least an IP address, the layer three device having a plurality of interfaces each representing a logical connection to the computer network, the option being stored at a memory of either the layer three device or the server, the option comprising:

a code field containing a predefined octet indicating that the option is for use in auto-configuring the layer three device; and

one or more IP address/subnet fields, each IP address/subnet field containing a proffered IP address and its corresponding subnet for use on a given interface of the layer three device.

20. An option embedded within one or more messages exchanged between a layer three device and a server connected to a computer network for auto-configuring the layer three device with Internet Protocol (IP) configuration parameters, including at least an IP address, the layer three device having a plurality of interfaces each representing a logical connection to the computer network, the option being stored at a memory of either the layer three device or the server, the option comprising:

a code field containing a predefined octet indicating that the first option is for use in auto-configuring the layer three device; and

a protocol parameter field containing a value identifying a specific routing protocol for use on a given interface of the layer three device.

21. A layer three device for connection to a computer network having at least one server, the layer three device having a plurality of interfaces each representing a logical connection to the computer network, the layer three device comprising:

a message transmitter connected to the computer network; and

a message receiver connected to the computer network,

wherein the message transmitter is configured and arranged to formulate and broadcast a discover message requesting assignment of an overall IP address, the message receiver is configured and arranged to receive and examine an offer sent by the at least one server, that includes a proffered IP address for use with the plurality of interfaces of the layer three device as an overall IP address, the message transmitter is further configured and arranged to formulate and send to the server a request message, in response to the offer, indicating that the layer three device has accepted the proffered overall IP address and the message receiver is further configured and arranged to receive and examine an acknowledgment from the at least one server that confirms its receipt of the request message.

22. A method for automatically assigning a new subnet to a subnetwork having an existing subnet, the subnetwork including one or more layer three devices and a plurality of hosts, the method comprising the steps of:

monitoring the utilization of the existing subnet by the subnetwork;

determining whether the utilization of the existing subnet exceeds one or more predefined thresholds;

in response to the step of determining, allocating a new subnet for use by the subnetwork;

assigning at least one Internet Protocol (IP) address from the newly allocated subnet to each of the one or more layer three switches;

assigning an IP address from the newly allocated subnet to each host that issues a request to renew its IP address;

forcing any hosts that have not been assigned an IP address from the newly allocated subnet to discard their original IP address and request a new IP address; and

in response to the forcing step, assigning an IP address from the newly allocated sub-net to each host that was forced to discard its original IP address.