Organic electroluminescent device with a ceramic output coupler and method of making the same
First Claim
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1. An organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
- a first electrode;
a second electrode;
at least one organic light emitting layer; and
a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the device comprises an organic light emitting diode, the ceramic coupler comprises a ceramic layer containing a light emitting surface of the device and comprises a shaped translucent ceramic material attached to the organic light emitting diode, the light emitting surface has dimples or corrugations, which have a sinusoidal, pseudo-pyramidal or conical shape, and each dimple or corrugation has a height greater than 0.1 micron and a spacing between dimple or corrugation peaks is a factor of 10 or less of the dimple or corrugation height.
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Abstract
An organic light emitting diode containing a first electrode, a second electrode, at least one organic light emitting layer, and a ceramic output coupler is provided. The index of refraction of the output coupler is matched to that of the adjacent layer of the device. The ceramic output coupler may be a ceramic substrate with a dimpled light emitting surface which reduces Fresnel and critical angle optical losses.
145 Citations
31 Claims
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1. An organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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a first electrode;
a second electrode;
at least one organic light emitting layer; and
a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the device comprises an organic light emitting diode, the ceramic coupler comprises a ceramic layer containing a light emitting surface of the device and comprises a shaped translucent ceramic material attached to the organic light emitting diode, the light emitting surface has dimples or corrugations, which have a sinusoidal, pseudo-pyramidal or conical shape, and each dimple or corrugation has a height greater than 0.1 micron and a spacing between dimple or corrugation peaks is a factor of 10 or less of the dimple or corrugation height.
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2. An organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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a first electrode;
a second electrode;
at least one organic light emitting layer; and
a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the device comprises an organic light emitting diode;
the ceramic coupler comprises a ceramic layer containing a light emitting surface of the device; and
the ceramic output coupler comprises a first ceramic layer having a first index of refraction that is matched to an index of refraction of an adjacent layer of the electroluminescent device, and a second ceramic layer having a second index of refraction lower than the first index of refraction.- View Dependent Claims (3)
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4. An organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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a first electrode;
a second electrode;
at least one organic light emitting layer; and
a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the device comprises an organic light emitting diode, the ceramic coupler comprises a ceramic layer containing a light emitting surface of the device, and the ceramic output coupler comprises a ceramic layer having a graded index of refraction, wherein an inner portion of the layer has a first index of refraction that is matched to an index of refraction of an adjacent layer of the electroluminescent device and an outer portion of the layer has a second index of refraction that is lower than the first index of refraction.
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5. An organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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a first electrode;
a second electrode;
at least one organic light emitting layer;
a voltage source electrically coupled to the first and second electrodes; and
a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the device comprises an organic light emitting diode, the ceramic coupler comprises a ceramic layer containing a light emitting surface of the device, the electroluminescent device emits white light, the first electrode comprises a metal containing electrode, the organic light emitting layer comprises at least one an organic molecule layer or at least one polymer layer over a first side of the first electrode, and the second electrode comprises a transparent electrode having a first side over the organic light emitting layer. - View Dependent Claims (6, 7, 8)
a first device electrical contact contacting a first side of the first electrode;
a second device electrical contact contacting a second side of the second electrode;
a sealing member over the second side of the second electrode;
a mounting substrate over the sealing member; and
a plurality of organic electroluminescent devices below the mounting substrate having a fill factor of greater than 0.3.
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7. The device of claim 5, wherein:
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a reflectivity of a non-light emitting side of the device is 80% or higher;
the output coupler optical thickness for scattering is about 0.1 to about 0.9; and
the device emission extraction is 53% or higher.
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8. The device of claim 7, wherein:
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a reflectivity of the first electrode is 86% or higher;
the output coupler optical thickness for scattering is about 0.5; and
the device emission extraction is 58% or higher.
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9. An organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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a first electrode;
a second electrode;
at least one organic light emitting layer; and
a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the device comprises an organic light emitting diode, the ceramic coupler comprises a ceramic layer containing a light emitting surface of the device, and the ceramic output coupler comprises a first ceramic material having surface recesses at grain boundaries and a second ceramic material in the recesses between the first ceramic material and an adjacent layer of the device.
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10. An organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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a first electrode;
at least one organic light emitting layer over the first electrode;
a second transparent electrode over the at least one organic light emitting layer; and
a shaped ceramic material over the second transparent electrode, wherein;
the shaped ceramic material contains a corrugated or dimpled light emitting surface and voids throughout its volume which scatter light emitted by the organic light emitting layer; and
an index of refraction of the shaped ceramic material is matched to an index of refraction of an adjacent layer of the electroluminescent device.- View Dependent Claims (11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17)
a first ceramic layer having a first index of refraction that is matched to an index of refraction of an adjacent layer of the electroluminescent device; and
a second ceramic layer having a second index of refraction lower than the first index of refraction.
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16. The device of claim 11, wherein:
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the electroluminescent device comprises an organic light emitting diode which emits white light;
the first electrode comprises a metal containing electrode;
the organic light emitting layer comprises at least one an organic molecule layer or at least one polymer layer over a first side of the first electrode;
the second electrode comprises a transparent electrode having a first side over the organic light emitting layer; and
the device further comprises a voltage source.
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17. The device of claim 16, further comprising:
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a first device electrical contact contacting the first side of the first electrode, wherein the first electrode comprises aluminum, silver or gold;
a second device electrical contact contacting a second side of the second electrode, wherein the second electrode comprises indium tin oxide;
a sealing member over the second side of the second electrode;
a mounting substrate over the sealing member; and
a plurality of organic electroluminescent devices below the mounting substrate having a fill factor of greater than 0.3.
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18. A method of making an organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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forming a first electrode;
forming at least one organic light emitting layer;
forming a second electrode; and
forming a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the step of forming the ceramic output coupler comprises; placing a ceramic precursor material into a mold cavity;
solidifying the precursor material to form a shaped ceramic output coupler having a corrugated or dimpled first light emitting surface; and
attaching the output coupler to the organic electroluminescent light emitting device. - View Dependent Claims (19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26)
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27. A method of making an organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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forming a first electrode;
forming at least one organic light emitting layer;
forming a second electrode; and
forming a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the ceramic output coupler comprises a ceramic phosphor or a ceramic matrix material containing light emitting particles.
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28. A method of making an organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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forming a first electrode;
forming at least one organic light emitting layer;
forming a second electrode; and
forming a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the ceramic output coupler comprises; a first ceramic layer having a first index of refraction that is matched to an index of refraction of an adjacent layer of the electroluminescent device; and
a second ceramic layer having a second index of refraction lower than the first index of refraction.
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29. A method of making an organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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forming a first electrode;
forming at least one organic light emitting layer;
forming a second electrode; and
forming a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the method further comprises forming a second ceramic material in surface recesses at grain boundaries of the ceramic output coupler by a sol-gel method.
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30. A method of making an organic electroluminescent light emitting device, comprising:
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forming a first electrode;
forming at least one organic light emitting layer;
forming a second electrode; and
forming a ceramic output coupler;
wherein the method further comprises; forming a glass plate over the first electrode;
forming a metal coating over the glass plate; and
attaching the organic electroluminescent light emitting device to a mounting substrate. - View Dependent Claims (31)
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Specification