Low drop-out regulator having current feedback amplifier and composite feedback loop

• US 6,703,815 B2
• Filed: 05/20/2002
• Issued: 03/09/2004
• Est. Priority Date: 05/20/2002
• Status: Active Grant

• Current Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Original Assignee: Texas Instruments, Inc.
• Inventors: Biagi, Hubert J.
• Primary Examiner(s): Riley, Shawn
• Application Number:
  US10/151,366
• Publication Number:
  US 20030214275A1
• Time in Patent Office: 659 Days
• Field of Search: 323/280, 323/281, 323/274, 323/275, 323/277, 327/465, 327/553, 327/554, 327/555
• US Class Current: 323/280
• CPC Class Codes: G05F 1/575 characterised by the feedback circuit

Abstract

A low drop-out regulator is configured to provide high output current with a fast response during transient conditions, while also maintaining low quiescent current under DC conditions. An exemplary low drop-out regulator has an error amplifier, a current feedback amplifier, and a pass device. The low drop-out regulator includes a composite amplifier feedback configuration, with the current feedback amplifier being decoupled from the overall composite feedback configuration and configured to provide effective compensation. As a result, the current feedback amplifier can be configured to operate with low current supplied from the error amplifier and to drive the control terminal of the pass device with sufficiently high current as demanded by a load device. In addition, the current feedback amplifier can be configured to permit the voltage at the control terminal of the pass device to operate from rail-to-rail. Further, the gain and offset of the low drop-out regulator can be provided by the error amplifier, without the requirement to drive a high amount of current.

Claims

1. A low drop-out regulator configured for providing output current to a load device, said low drop-out regulator comprising:

an error amplifier configured to control the gain of said low drop-out regulator, said error amplifier having a positive input terminal configured for receiving a reference voltage, and a negative input terminal configured for receiving a composite feedback signal within a composite feedback loop;

a current feedback amplifier having a negative input terminal coupled to an output of said error amplifier, and a positive input terminal configured for receiving a feedback signal within a local feedback loop, said local feedback loop being decoupled from said composite feedback loop of said error amplifier; and

a pass device configured for driving a downstream device, said pass device comprising a power transistor configured driving a load current to the downstream device, said pass device having a control terminal coupled to an output of said current feedback amplifier, and wherein said feedback signal within said local feedback loop comprises an output signal of said pass device, said output signal of said pass device being further configured for generating said composite feedback signal.

2. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 1, wherein said low drop-out regulator further comprises a divider network configured for receiving said output signal of said pass device, and configured for generating said composite feedback signal and providing said composite feedback signal through a resistance device to said negative input terminal of said error amplifier.

3. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 1, wherein said error amplifier comprises a class A output configuration for providing a low current from said error amplifier to said current feedback amplifier.

4. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 1, wherein said error amplifier further comprises a capacitor coupled between said output of said error amplifier and said negative input terminal of said error amplifier, said capacitor configured for supplying current to said current feedback amplifier for driving said pass device.

5. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 1, wherein said error amplifier comprises:

a differential pair of transistors;

a current mirror circuit configured for mirroring current from a drain of one of said differential pair of transistors; and

an output transistor having a control terminal configured for receiving said current mirrored from said current mirror circuit and current from an output of another of said differential pair of transistors.

6. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 1, wherein said current feedback amplifier is configured for facilitating rail-to-rail operation of said control terminal of said pass device, said current feedback amplifier comprising:

a pair of input transistors, with a first input transistor having an input terminal configured for receiving said feedback signal within said local feedback loop, and a second input transistor having an input terminal configured for receiving a low current from said error amplifier;

a pair of diode-connected devices configured to control a flow of current within said pair of input transistors, with a first diode-connected device having a control terminal connected to a control terminal of said first input transistor, and a second diode-connected device having a control terminal connected to a control terminal of said second input transistor;

a pair of current mirrors configured to mirror said flow of current with said pair of input transistors, with a first current mirror coupled to an output terminal of said first input transistor, and a second current mirror coupled to an output terminal of said second input transistor; and

a pair of upper rail transistors configured for providing said high output current to said pass device, said pair of upper rail transistors comprising a first upper rail transistor configured for mirroring current from said first current mirror to a second upper rail transistor comprising an output device for said current feedback amplifier configured for providing said high output current.

7. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 6, wherein said current feedback amplifier further comprises:

a first current source coupled to an output terminal of said first diode-connected device and being configured to provide a fixed current flowing through said first diode connected device; and

a second current source coupled to an output terminal of said second diode-connected device, said second current source being configured to provide a fixed current flowing through said second diode connected device.

8. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 6, wherein said current feedback amplifier is configured to provide rail-to-rail operation by turning on said first input transistor and turning off said second input transistor to drive said control terminal of said pass device to an upper rail, and by turning off said first input transistor and turning on said second input transistor to drive said control terminal of said pass device to ground.

9. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 6, wherein said pair of input transistors are approximately twice the size of said pair of diode-connected devices.

10. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 6, wherein said output device of said current feedback amplifier is approximately four times the size of said first upper rail transistor.

11. A digital signal processor having a low drop-out regulator configured for providing output current to a load device, said low drop-out regulator comprising:

an error amplifier having a non-inverting input terminal configured for receiving a reference voltage and an inverting input terminal configured for receiving a composite feedback signal, and providing an output current;

a current feedback amplifier configured for receiving said output current from said error amplifier and for providing an output current, said current feedback amplifier having an inverting input terminal coupled to said error amplifier, and a non-inverting input terminal for receiving a feedback signal; and

a pass device configured for providing an output signal to an output load, said pass device comprising a power transistor having a control terminal configured to be driven by said output current from said current feedback amplifier, and

wherein said output signal of said pass device is configured to provide a said feedback signal to said current feedback amplifier within a current feedback loop, said output signal of said pass device being further configured for generating said composite feedback signal to said error amplifier to provide a composite feedback loop, said current feedback loop being decoupled from said composite feedback loop of said error amplifier.

12. The digital signal processor according to claim 11, said error amplifier being configured in a class A output configuration.

13. The digital signal processor according to claim 11, wherein said low drop-out regulator further comprises a divider network configured for receiving said output signal of said pass device, and configured for generating said composite feedback signal and for providing said composite feedback signal through a resistance device to said inverting input terminal of said error amplifier.

14. The digital signal processor according to claim 11, wherein said error amplifier further comprises a capacitor coupled between an output terminal of said error amplifier and said inverting input terminal of said error amplifier, said capacitor configured for supplying current to said current feedback amplifier for driving said pass device.

15. The digital signal processor according to claim 11, wherein said error amplifier comprises:

a differential pair of transistors;

a current mirror circuit configured for mirroring current from an output terminal of one of said differential pair of transistors; and

an output transistor having a control terminal configured for receiving said current mirrored from said current mirror circuit and current from an output terminal of another of said differential pair of transistors.

16. The digital signal processor according to claim 11, wherein said current feedback amplifier is configured for facilitating rail-to-rail operation of a control terminal of said pass device, said current feedback amplifier comprising:

a pair of input transistors, with a first input transistor having an input terminal configured for receiving said feedback signal within said current feedback loop, and a second input transistor having an input terminal configured for receiving said low output current from said error amplifier;

a pair of diode-connected devices configured to control a flow of current within said pair of input transistors, with a first diode-connected device having a control terminal connected to a control terminal of said first input transistor, and a second diode-connected device having a control terminal connected to a control terminal of said second input transistor;

a pair of current mirrors configured to mirror output current from said pair of input transistors, with a first current mirror coupled to an output terminal of said first input transistor, and a second current mirror coupled to an output terminal of said second input transistor; and

a pair of upper rail transistors configured for providing said high output current to said pass device, said pair of upper rail transistors comprising a first upper rail transistor configured for providing current from said first current mirror to a second upper rail transistor comprising an output device configured for providing said high output current for driving said control terminal of said pass device.

17. The digital signal processor according to claim 16, wherein said current feedback amplifier further comprises:

a first current source coupled to an output terminal of said first diode-connected device and being configured to provide a fixed current flowing through said first diode connected device; and

a second current source coupled to an output terminal of said second diode-connected device, said second current source being configured to provide a fixed current flowing through said second diode connected device.

18. The digital signal processor according to claim 16, wherein said current feedback amplifier is configured to provide rail-to-rail operation by turning on said first input transistor and turning off said second input transistor to drive said control terminal of said pass device to an upper rail.

19. The digital signal processor according to claim 16, wherein said current feedback amplifier is configured to provide rail-to-rail operation by turning off said first input transistor and turning on said second input transistor to drive said control terminal of said pass device to ground.

20. The digital signal processor according to claim 16, wherein said pair of input transistors are approximately twice the size of said pair of diode-connected devices.

21. The digital signal processor according to claim 16, wherein said output device of said current feedback amplifier is approximately four times the size of said first upper rail transistor.

22. A low drop-out regulator comprising:

an error amplifier having a non-inverting input terminal configured for receiving a reference voltage and an inverting input terminal configured for receiving a composite feedback signal through a resistance device within a composite feedback loop, said error amplifier being configured for providing an output current;

a current feedback amplifier configured for receiving said output current from said error amplifier, for converting said output current to a voltage signal, and for converting said voltage signal back to provide an output current, said current feedback amplifier having an inverting input terminal coupled to said error amplifier, and a non-inverting input terminal for receiving a feedback signal within a current feedback loop;

a pass device comprising a power transistor having a control terminal configured to be driven by said output current from said current feedback amplifier, said power transistor having an output terminal configured for providing an output signal, said output signal comprising said feedback signal received by said current feedback amplifier; and

a divider network configured for receiving said output signal of said pass device, said divider network comprising a plurality of resistors configured for generating said composite feedback signal; and

wherein said current feedback loop is decoupled from said composite feedback loop of said error amplifier.

23. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 22, wherein said error amplifier further comprises a capacitor coupled between an output terminal of said error amplifier and said inverting input terminal of said error amplifier, said capacitor configured for supplying current to said current feedback amplifier for driving said pass device.

24. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 22, wherein said current feedback amplifier is further configured for facilitating rail-to-rail operation of a gate of said pass device, said current feedback amplifier comprising:

a pair of input transistors, with a first input transistor having an input terminal configured for receiving said feedback signal within said current feedback loop, and a second input transistor having an input terminal configured for receiving said low output current from said error amplifier;

a pair of diode-connected devices configured to control a flow of current within said pair of input transistors, with a first diode-connected device having a control terminal connected to a control terminal of said first input transistor, and a second diode-connected device having a control terminal connected to a control terminal of said second input transistor;

a pair of current mirrors configured to mirror output current from said pair of input transistors, with a first current mirror coupled to an output terminal of said first input transistor, and a second current mirror coupled to an output terminal of said second input transistor; and

a pair of upper rail transistors configured for providing said high output current to said pass device, said pair of upper rail transistors comprising a first upper rail transistor configured for providing current from said first current mirror to a second upper rail transistor comprising an output device configured for providing said high output current for driving said control terminal of said pass device.

25. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 24, wherein said current feedback amplifier further comprises:

a first current source coupled to an output terminal of said first diode-connected device and being configured to provide a fixed current flowing through said first diode connected device; and

a second current source coupled to an output terminal of said second diode-connected device, said second current source being configured to provide a fixed current flowing through said second diode connected device.

26. A low drop-out regulator comprising:

an error amplifier configured for receiving a composite feedback signal within a composite feedback loop, and for providing an output current;

a current feedback buffer configured for receiving said output current from said error amplifier, for providing a high output current, and for receiving a feedback signal within a current feedback loop, said current feedback loop being decoupled from said composite feedback loop of said error amplifier; and

a pass device having a control terminal configured to be driven by said high output current from said current feedback buffer, said pass device configured for providing an output signal that provides said feedback signal received by said current feedback buffer,

wherein said error amplifier is configured in a class A output configuration.

27. The low drop-out regulator according to claim 26, said low drop-out regulator further comprising a divider network configured for receiving said output signal of said pass device, and for generating said composite feedback signal.